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1.
Summary From the theoretical investigation ofLetfus andApostolov (1974) it follows that under flare conditions the intensive X-ray emission lines in the 1–8 Å range have an insignificant contribution to the ionization state of the lower ionosphere in comparison with the enhanced emission of the continuum. This result is experimentally confirmed by direct comparison of the intensity variations of the emission line 1.87 Å (Fe XXV) during the solar flare of 25 July 1967 measured onboard of the OSO III satellite with simultaneous ground observations of the ionization state variations of the lower ionosphere made by the A3 method. 相似文献
2.
J. Lastovicka D. Pancheva D. Altadill E. A. Benediktov J. Boška J. Bremer M. Dick K. Igarashi P. Mlch B. A. de la Morena Z. T. Rapoport V. A. Vyakhirev B. O. Vugmeister X. Zhang B. Zolesi 《Annales Geophysicae》1999,17(8):1040-1052
The CRISTA/MAHRSI experiment on board a space shuttle was accompanied by a broad campaign of rocket, balloon and ground-based measurements. Supporting lower ionospheric ground-based measurements were run in Europe and Eastern Asia between 1 October–30 November, 1994. Results of comparisons with long ionospheric data series together with short-term comparisons inside the interval October-November, 1994, showed that the upper middle atmosphere (h =80–100 km) at middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere in the interval of the CRISTA/MAHRSI experiment (4–12 November, 1994) was very close to its expected climatological state. In other words, the average results of the experiment can be used as climatological data, at least for the given area/altitudes. The role of solar/geomagnetic and “meteorological” control of the lower ionosphere is investigated and compared with the results of MAP/WINE, MAC/SINE and DYANA campaigns. The effects of both solar/geomagnetic and global meteorological factors on the lower ionosphere are found to be weak during autumn 1994 compared to those in MAP/WINE and DYANA winters, and they are even slightly weaker than those in MAP/SINE summer. The comparison of the four campaigns suggests the following overall pattern: in winter the lower ionosphere at northern middle latitudes appears to be fairly well “meteorologically” controlled with a very weak solar influence. In summer, solar influence is somewhat stronger and dominates the weak “meteorological” influence, but the overall solar/meteorological control is weaker than in winter. In autumn we find the weakest overall solar/meteorological control, local effects evidently dominate. 相似文献
3.
从低电离层-地面波导中电波传播的波导模理论出发,分析了雷电产生的电磁脉冲（LEP）谱随距离变化与低电离层结构之间关系。利用LEP谱中干扰最小值时的频率与指数电离层模式参量的关系得出低电离层等效模拟参量。从我们观测出的LEP数据得出指数电离层等效参量是:在白天β=0.3km-1,hi=70km;在夜间β=0.5km-1,hi=88km。并指出使用这种方法可以观测出低电离层在时间上和地理位置上的变化。 相似文献
4.
A comparison of the total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere calculated using different correcting multipliers in the
IRI2007 model with experimental data indicates that this model, which is not empirical with respect to the TEC, does not adequately
reflect the quantitative and qualitative features of the TEC behavior. The situation can be improved by using new empirical
models of the critical frequency and equivalent thickness of the ionosphere and new methods for determining the TEC. 相似文献
5.
The computerized ionospheric tomography is a method for imaging the Earth’s ionosphere using a sounding technique and computing the slant total electron content (STEC) values from data of the global positioning system (GPS). The most common approach for ionospheric tomography is the voxel-based model, in which (1) the ionosphere is divided into voxels, (2) the STEC is then measured along (many) satellite signal paths, and finally (3) an inversion procedure is applied to reconstruct the electron density distribution of the ionosphere. In this study, a computationally efficient approach is introduced, which improves the inversion procedure of step 3. Our proposed method combines the empirical orthogonal function and the spherical Slepian base functions to describe the vertical and horizontal distribution of electron density, respectively. Thus, it can be applied on regional and global case studies. Numerical application is demonstrated using the ground-based GPS data over South America. Our results are validated against ionospheric tomography obtained from the constellation observing system for meteorology, ionosphere, and climate (COSMIC) observations and the global ionosphere map estimated by international centers, as well as by comparison with STEC derived from independent GPS stations. Using the proposed approach, we find that while using 30 GPS measurements in South America, one can achieve comparable accuracy with those from COSMIC data within the reported accuracy (1 × 1011 el/cm3) of the product. Comparisons with real observations of two GPS stations indicate an absolute difference is less than 2 TECU (where 1 total electron content unit, TECU, is 1016 electrons/m2). 相似文献
6.
Dual-frequency global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) observations provide most of the input data for development of global ionosphere map (GIM) of vertical total electron content (VTEC). The international GNSS service (IGS) develops different ionosphere products. The IGS tracking network stations are not homogeneously distributed around the world. The large gaps of this network in Middle East, e.g., Iran plateau, reduce the accuracy of the IGS GIMs over this region. Empirical ionosphere models, such as international reference ionosphere (IRI), also provide coarse forecasts of the VTEC values. This paper presents a new regional VTEC model based on the IRI 2007 and global positioning system (GPS) observations from Iranian Permanent GPS Network. The model consists of a given reference part from IRI model and an unknown correction term. Compactly supported base functions are more appropriate than spherical harmonics in regional ionosphere modeling. Therefore, an unknown correction term was expanded in terms of B-spline functions. The obtained results are validated through comparison with the observed VTEC derived from GPS observations. 相似文献
7.
利用闪电作为辐射源来探测电离层D层是近年来国外学者研究的热点.本文基于江淮流域六站同步闪电观测站网,实现了一种利用闪电双极性窄脉冲事件（Narrow Bipolar Events,NBE）来探测电离层D层等效高度的方法.基于此方法,对两次分别发生在日出和日落阶段的雷暴分析结果显示,上述两个阶段D层反射高度变化特征呈现显著的不对称性：日出期间D层反射高度随时间线性降低速率为5.9 km/h;而日落期间D层反射高度随时间线性递增速率为8.6 km/h.综合日间太阳耀斑期间D层反射高度剧烈波动的观测事实,与日出、日落期间D层特征变化,结果表明太阳辐射电离中性大气分子的电子生成机制在日间D层电子密度变化中占主导地位.本文结果展现了利用NBE事件监测电离层D层变化特征的可行性,这一方法与基于地闪回击波形的D层探测方法结合在一起,有望把现有具有闪电事件定位和电磁波波形记录能力的闪电观测站网扩展为实时对电离层D层时空变化监测的网络. 相似文献
8.
《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》1999,61(16):1205-1218
The accuracy of single-frequency ocean altimeters benefits from calibration of the total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere below the satellite. Data from a global network of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers provides timely, continuous, and globally well-distributed measurements of ionospheric electron content. For several months we have been running a daily automatic Global Ionospheric Map process which inputs global GPS data and climatological ionosphere data into a Kalman filter, and produces global ionospheric TEC maps and ocean altimeter calibration data within 24 h of the end-of-day. Other groups have successfully applied this output to altimeter data from the GFO satellite and in orbit determination for the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite. Daily comparison of the global TEC maps with independent TEC data from the TOPEX altimeter is performed as a check on the calibration whenever the TOPEX data are available. Comparisons of the global TEC maps against TOPEX data will be discussed. Accuracy is best at mid-to-high absolute latitudes (∣latitude∣>30°) due to the better geographic distribution of GPS receivers and the relative simplicity of the ionosphere. Our highly data-driven technique is relatively less accurate at low latitudes and especially during ionospheric storm periods, due to the relative scarcity of GPS receivers and the structure and volatility of the ionosphere. However, it is still significantly more accurate than climatological models. 相似文献
9.
We propose a technique for analyzing radio-occultation data that allows the effects of the noise, ionosphere, and atmosphere
on the radio-occultation results to be reliably separated. This enables a more accurate investigation into the ionosphere
formation mechanisms. Ionized layers are shown to exist in the dayside ionosphere of Venus at altitudes from 80 to 120 km.
The position of the lower boundary of this ionized region can vary over the range of 80–100 km and the electron density gradients
can change several times several. 相似文献
10.
News from the Lower Ionosphere: A Review of Recent Developments 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Current knowledge concerning the lower ionosphere (D- and E-region) is reviewed with an emphasis on new aspects of empirical results. Starting with an overview of experimental techniques
and corresponding data bases, both regarding charged as well as the most relevant neutral constituents of this altitude range,
the ionospheric variability is discussed both concerning regular (e.g. diurnal and seasonal) as well as irregular variations
(e.g. driven by the variability of nitric oxide). We then turn to ‘new players’ in the lower ionosphere, i.e. charged aerosol
particles such as mesospheric ice particles in noctilucent clouds or polar mesospheric summer echoes and meteor smoke particles
originating from ablated meteoric matter. These species have received considerable attention in recent years, in part because
it is speculated that observations of their properties might be useful for the detection of climate change signals. The available
experimental data base regarding these species is reviewed and we show that there is now compelling evidence for the ubiquitous
presence of these very heavy charge carriers throughout the lower ionosphere. While many fundamental details regarding these
charged species are not yet completely understood, this emphasizes that charged aerosol particles may not be neglected in
a comprehensive treatment of the lower ionospheric charge balance and related phenomena. Finally, we close with suggestions
for future research. 相似文献
11.
利用俄罗斯三个阿尔法发射站与中国两个接收站雅安和通海之间形成的6条链路, 获取阿尔法导航信号监测仪的场强数据, 针对2010年4月14日青海玉树7.3级地震开展了震例分析研究。 发现玉树地震前3天4月10日10:30左右, 主台—雅安链路和主台—通海链路f1频率的场强都出现了显著的负异常, 持续时间约为15分钟左右, 同时两组异常序列呈现较高相关性, 分析认为异常可能来源于同一个低电离层扰动。 通过对当日所有链路的数据与背景数据对比分析, 发现东、 西副台与雅安、 通海链路的f1频率场强均无异常变化, 进一步表明这次低电离层扰动在主台-雅安和主台-通海2条链路的有效探测范围中。 此外, f2频率和f3频率在全部6条观测链路上均无明显异常, 说明低电离层扰动区在f2和f3频率的有效探测范围之外。 这些结果的综合分析为扰动源方位判识提供了一定的科学依据。 本文采用的方法可以作为未来分析阿尔法监测数据提取地震异常的一种有效方法。 相似文献
12.
《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2007,69(9):1029-1048
The high-latitude ionosphere interfaces with the hot, tenuous, magnetospheric plasma, and a heat flow into the ionosphere is expected, which has a large impact on the plasma densities and temperatures in the high-latitude ionosphere. The value of this magnetospheric heat flux is unknown. In an effort to estimate the value of the magnetospheric heat flux into the high-latitude ionosphere, and show its effect on the high-latitude ionospheric plasma densities, we ran an ensemble of model runs using the Ionosphere Forecast Model (IFM) with different values of the heat flux through the upper boundary. These model runs included heating from both auroral and solar sources. Then, for each heat flux value, the plasma densities obtained from the model runs, at 840 km, were compared to the corresponding values measured by the DMSP F13 satellite. The heat flux value that gave the best comparison between the measured and calculated plasma densities was considered to be the best estimate for the topside heat flux. The comparison was conducted for a 1-year data set of the DMSP F13 measured plasma densities (4300 consecutive orbits). Our systematic IFM/DMSP plasma density comparisons indicate that when a zero magnetospheric downward heat flux is assumed at the upper boundary of the IFM model, on the average, the IFM underestimates the measured plasma densities by a factor of 2. A good IFM/DMSP plasma density comparison was achieved for each month in 1998 when for each month a constant heat flux was assumed at the upper boundary of the model. For the 12-month period, the heat flux values that gave the best IFM/DMSP plasma density comparisons varied on the average from −0.5×1010 to −1.5×1010 eV cm−2 s−1. 相似文献
13.
高纬电离层特性的实例研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用EISCAT雷达资料讨论磁层-电离层耦合的高纬电离层效应。研究表明,即使在夏季极昼情况下,磁扰期间的磁层过程对高纬电离层形态的影响也远大于太阳紫外辐射的作用。高能粒子沉降使电离层E层的电子密度大大增加;而磁层对流速度变大会使F层内电离复合加强。因而,磁扰时经常出现ne（E层）>e（F层）的情况。此现象不仅与宁静时完全相反,而且与中低纬电离层形态变化也有很大差别。 相似文献
14.
15.
With the use of data from topside sounding on board the Interkosmos-19 (IK-19) satellite, the region of permanent generation of large-scale irregularities in the daytime winter ionosphere of the Southern Hemisphere is differentiated. This region is characterized by low values of foF2 and hmF2 and occupies a rather large latitudinal band, from the equatorial anomaly ridge to ~70° S within the longitudinal range from 180° to 360°. Irregularities with a dimension of hundreds kilometers are regularly observed in the period from 0700–0800 to 1800–1900 LT, i.e., mainly in the daytime. In the IK-19 ionograms, they normally appear in the form of an extra trace with a critical frequency higher than that of the main trace reflected from the ionosphere with lower density. The electron density in the irregularity maximum sometimes exceeds the density of the background ionosphere by nearly a factor of 3. A model of the ionosphere with allowance for its irregular structure was created, and it was shown on the basis of trajectory calculations how the IK-19 ionograms related to these irregularities are formed. A possible mechanism of the generation of large-scale irregularities of the ionospheric plasma is discussed. 相似文献
16.
通过大功率ELF/VLF调幅高频波能有效地扰动低电离层,形成等效的ELF/VLF电离层虚拟天线,用来辐射ELF/VLF波,所辐射出的低频信号可以进入中性大气层形成地球-电离层波导.本文基于调制加热模型,采用全波有限元算法计算由人工调制电离层所形成的电偶极矩所辐射出的ELF波在水平分层电离层中的波场,计算结果将与地面观测结果进行比较.模拟结果表明,所辐射出的ELF波在电离层中形成一个窄的准直波束,海面所能接收到的ELF信号强度为pT量级,并且频率越低,海面所接收到的场强就越小,与HAARP实验数据一致.结果还表明,低纬电离层对低频信号的传播衰减较大,并且所能透射出电离层的角度小,因此高纬地区更适合地球-电离层波导的激发. 相似文献
17.
Nathan Blaunstein 《Annales Geophysicae》1995,13(6):617-626
In contrast to the way that the spreading of irregularities in a plasma is usually considered, the diffusion spreading of irregularities stretched along the geomagnetic field B is examined using a three-dimensional rigorous numerical model of quasi-neutral diffusion in the presence of a magnetic field, in conjunction with the actual height variations of the diffusion and conductivity tensors in the ionosphere. A comparison with the earlier constructed approximate model of unipolar diffusion was made. As in the previous case, the same peculiarities of irregularity spreading in the inhomogeneous background ionospheric plasma were observed. The accuracy of the approximate model for describing the process of spreading of anisotropic ionospheric irregularities is established. Time relaxation effects of real heating-induced ionospheric irregularities on their scale transverse to B are presented using the approximate analytical model for the case of a quasi-homogeneous ionospheric plasma. The calculated results have a vivid physical meaning and can be directly compared with experimental data on the radiophysical observations of artificial heating-induced irregularities created by powerful radio waves in the ionosphere. 相似文献
18.
针对汶川地震PALSAR观测的方位向形变场存在严重电离层影响,导致准确提取断层地表破裂线困难的问题,本文使用一种基于频率域的电离层影响校正方法,从方位向形变场频域数据中提取电离层信号对应的频域信息,通过建模获得空间域电离层信号,并与原始形变场进行差分运算完成电离层影响的校正,还原了汶川地震断层近场沿SAR方位向的真实地表形变场.以校正后的方位向形变场作为数据源,采用非极大值抑制二维梯度算法,准确提取汶川地震北川—映秀断层和灌县—江油断层的地表破裂线.为验证提取结果的可靠性,引入野外地质调查数据进行对比分析,定量计算两条破裂线间的距离差异,结果表明基于SAR形变场自动提取的断层破裂线与野外地质调查数据具有较高的一致性,利用SAR观测形变场可作为调查地震断层地表破裂的重要补充手段. 相似文献
19.
The results of Rayleigh lidar sounding of the upper atmosphere over Kamchatka are analyzed in comparison with ionosonde data. A correlation between light backscattering signals at a wavelength of 532 nm and parameters determining the content of plasma in the nocturnal F2 layer of the ionosphere is found. Based on the performed analysis of lidar data and the geophysical situation, a hypothesis about the possible role of Rydberg atoms in the formation of lidar reflections at ionospheric heights is discussed. 相似文献
20.
D. Altadill 《Annales Geophysicae》1996,14(7):716-724
The presence and persistence of an 18-day quasi-periodic oscillation in the ionospheric electron density variations were studied. The data of lower ionosphere (radio-wave absorption at equivalent frequency near 1 MHz), middle and upper ionosphere (critical frequencies f0E and f0F2) for the period 1970–1990 have been used in the analysis. Also, solar and geomagnetic activity data (the sunspot numbers Rz and solar radio flux F10.7 cm, and aN index respectively) were used to compare the time variations of the ionospheric with the solar and geomagnetic activity data. Periodogram, complex demodulation, auto- and cross-correlation analysis have been used. It was found that 18-day quasi-periodic oscillation exists and persists in the temporal variations of the ionospheric parameters under study with high level of correlation and mean period of 18–19 days. The time variation of the amplitude of the 18-day quasi-periodic oscillation in the ionosphere seems to be modulated by the long-term solar cycle variations. Such oscillations exist in some solar and geomagnetic parameters and in the planetary wave activity of the middle atmosphere. The high similarities in the amplitude modulation, long-term amplitude variation, period range between the oscillation of investigated parameters and the global activity of oscillation suggests a possible solar influence on the 18-day quasi-periodic oscillation in the ionosphere. 相似文献