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《International Geology Review》2012,54(6):1030-1056
The article describes Carboniferous and Lower Liassic coal measures in Franz Josef Land, and a "2-ft coal bed" at the base of the Carboniferous motley sandstones observed by Fisher in Cook Cliffs at the south end of Prince George Land. Until recently the Cook Cliffs coal was identified by Dibner as "Paleozoic redeposited in Upper Triassic time." Later Dibner reassigned the coal and related beds to the Upper Triassic. Some doubt on this age is cast by the fact that the only coals on Spitzbergen are Lower Carboniferous. Ye. M. Andreyeva studied the coal's spores and found only Lower and Middle Carboniferous species. Traveling southeast of Wilczek Land in 1935, Yermolayev recovered coals he believed to be Paleozoic. Based on these finds, there is a strong likelihood of Paleozoic coals on Franz Josef Land. The Upper Triassic Vasil'yevsk Formation contains Noric to Rhaetic plants and spores. At Goristyy Cape (Champ Island) two brown coals occur; one is 1 m thick; 55 m higher is a 2-m bed coked at the top by an overlying basalt flow. The petrography of the coals is discussed. The Tegetthof Formation, based on its plant fossils, is Lower Liassic, compatible with sections on Spitzbergen. Next higher are Aalenian siltstones, Bathonian and sandy limestones with Volgian clams. Still higher are Lower Cretaceous volcanics with intercalated sandstones, shales and coals, divisible into the Tikhaya Cove Formation and Salisbury Formation. Altogether there are 13 coal beds in Franz Josef Land, ranging from Carboniferous up into the Lower Cretaceous (with 9 coal beds). Interesting petrographic details are included.—B. N. Cooper. 相似文献
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A detailed study of foraminiferal assemblages recorded in limestones from northern England in the Stainmore Trough and Alston Block permits their assignment to different European substages than in previous studies. Comparisons with foraminiferal assemblages, mostly from Russia, allow the biozonations to be correlated with the Viséan, Serpukhovian and Bashkirian international stages, as well as with the Russian (and Ukrainian) substages for the Serpukhovian (Tarussian, Steshevian, Protvian and Zapaltyubian). The Scar Limestone and Five Yard Limestone Members are assigned to the Tarussian and, thus, represent the lowermost part of the formal Serpukhovian Stage. This new correlation coincides closely with the first occurrence of the conodont Lochriea ziegleri from levels equivalent to the Single Post Limestone that could potentially form the revised base for the Serpukhovian. The Three Yard Limestone Member is correlated with the base of the Steshevian substage which also includes the Four Fathom Limestone Member, Great Limestone Member and Little Limestone. The base of the Protvian is considered to lie within the Crag Limestone, whereas the Rookhope Shell Band contains foraminiferal assemblages more typical of the Zapaltyubian in the Ukraine and Chernyshevkian in the Urals. Assemblages of the Upper Fell Top Limestone and Grindstone/Botany Limestones contain foraminiferal species that have been used for the recognition of the Bashkirian elsewhere. There is no other fossil group which allows the calibration of those foraminiferal assemblages, because ammonoids are virtually absent in the shallow‐water cyclothemic successions and conodonts have not been studied in detail in this region. The Mid‐Carboniferous boundary and the Voznessenian substage might be reasonably located below the Upper Fell Top Limestone. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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P. Czar P. Medina‐Varea I.&#x;D. Somerville D. Vachard S. Rodríguez I. Said 《Geological Journal》2014,49(3):271-302
The Carboniferous succession in the Tindouf Basin of southern Morocco, North Africa, displays Mississippian to Early Pennsylvanian marine beds, followed by Pennsylvanian continental deposits. The marine beds comprise a shallow water cyclic platform sequence, dominated by shales and fine‐grained sandstones with thin but laterally persistent limestone/dolostone beds. Foraminiferal assemblages have been studied in the limestone beds in several sections from the Djebel Ouarkziz range in the northern limb of the Tindouf Syncline; they indicate that the age of the limestones range from late Asbian (late Viséan) to Krasnopolyanian (early Bashkirian). The foraminiferal assemblages are abundant and diverse, and much richer in diversity than those suggested by previous studies in the region, as well as for other areas of the western Palaeotethys. The richest assemblages are recorded in the Serpukhovian but, unusually, they contain several taxa which appear much earlier in Western European basins (in the latest Viséan). In contrast, conodont assemblages are scarce due to the shallow‐water facies, although some important taxa are recorded in the youngest limestones. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(1):48-59
Ammonoids constituted one of the most important marine faunal groups in the Carboniferous period; their assemblages can be used to identify and substantiate the main biostratigraphic boundaries of and within the Carboniferous system. The Devonian-Carboniferods boundary is marked by the extinction of ammonoids of the order Clymeniida and,other Devonian,types and the appearance of the suborder Prolecanitina. During the Early Carboniferbus epoch five major faunal assemblages were present, in ascending order: the Gattendorf (6 genera), Tournaisian (9 genera), Saourian (14 genera), Viséan (28 genera), and Namurian (47 genera). The boundary between the Early and Late Carboniferous is marked by general decrease in taxonomic variety and emergence of genera with more complex sutures (10 to 20 lobes). The major faunal assemblages during the Late Carboniferous epoch include the Bashkirian (28 genera), Moscovian (24 genera), Zhigulian (36 genera), and Orenburgian (27 genera). The upper boundary of die Carboniferous is not nearly so sharply expressed in terms of ammonoid changes as the lower one. AVailable eVidenCe 'favors' -placing it at the top of the Orenburgian stage, as the principal families of Permian ammonoids are all present in the overlying beds of the Asselian stage. Two new genera are diagnosed briefly; Winchelloceras n. gen. (type species, Goniatites allei Winchell, 1862) and Arcanoceras n. gen. (type species, Girtyoceras burmai Miller and Downs, 1950) and one new family, Orulganitidae (genus Orulganites). -- M. Gordon, Jr. 相似文献
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石炭系是中国南方重要的海相含油气地层之一。下石炭统的油气生成条件比上石炭统的好,这和早石炭世的盆地面积较大有关。石炭系下伏的志留系和上覆的二叠系的油气生成条件比石炭系还要好。上石炭统的油气储集条件比下石炭统的好,这和上石炭统的白云岩和滩相石灰岩分布较广有关。石炭系油气藏的直接盖层是下二叠统下部的梁山组,区域盖层是中新生代的泥岩为主的地层。南方石炭系油气生储盖条件的配置关系相当好。但是,南方石炭系以及整个古生代和三叠纪海相地层均经历了多次大的构造变动,其油气藏形成条件遭受相当大的破坏。在有利的生储配置关系的基础上,在区域盖层和保存条件较好的及面积较大的中新生代沉积盆地中,尤其是在邻近石炭系本身或其下伏志留系油气源岩的地区,是寻找和发现石炭系新的油气藏的有利地区。 相似文献
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G. A. Mizens T. I. Stepanova S. A. Dub A. B. Kuznetsov 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2017,477(1):1251-1255
The U–Pb age of the boundary between the Lower and Middle Carboniferous has been determined on zircons separated from a volcanic tuff layer within a limestone unit near the roof of the Serpukhovian Stage in an occurrence at the right bank of the Iset’ River. The zircons have been dated using SIMS SHRIMP-II at 320 ± 3 Ma. The result agrees well with the accepted age of the boundary between the Serpukhovian and Bashkirian ages (323.2 ± 0.4 Ma, [1]). 相似文献
8.
石炭纪年代地层学研究概况 总被引：20，自引：6，他引：14
国际石炭系分会尝试性地将石炭系分成两部分 ,下石炭亚系或 Mississipian及上石炭亚系或 Pennsylvani-an,前者包括 3个统 :Tournaisian,Visean,Serpukhovian;后者包括 4个统 :Bashkirian,Moscovian,Kasimovian以及Gzhelian。由于全球对比的需要 ,西欧和北美的统级年代单位作为辅助性序列也被置于综合年代地层表中。石炭系底界、中间界线及顶界的 GSSP已经分别确立在法国的 L aserre剖面 ,美国的 Arrow Canyon剖面 ,哈萨克斯坦的Aidaralash Creek剖面。据西欧及澳大利亚的同位素年龄数据 ,石炭纪的时间跨度为 5 3 Ma。中国的石炭系划分成丰宁亚系和壶天亚系 ,前者包括岩关统和大塘统以及汤粑沟阶 ,旧司阶 ,上司阶和德坞阶 ;后者包括威宁统和马平统以及罗苏阶 ,滑石板阶 ,达拉阶和小独山阶。 相似文献
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海南岛南好组剖析 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
南好组是海南岛目前使用最广泛的地层单位之一 ,代表该岛整个下石炭统 ,但其选层型为下志留统而非岩关阶 ,保亭南好地区并不存在下石炭统 ;其副层型原本是青天峡组的层型。据此 ,南好组应予废弃。根据新近发现的吉维特期胞石 Eisenackitina castor、Grahanichitina pilosa、L agenochitina amottensis;法门期牙形刺 Palmatolepisgracilis gracilis、P.gracilis sigmoidalis、Polygnathus germanus;以石燕贝类为主的岩关期腕足动物群 Spirifercf.subgrandis、Fusella cf.fornacensis、Palaeochoristites sp.、Chonetipustula sp.、Marginatia sp.、Rhipidomellaspp.和牙形刺 Siphonodella isosticha- S.cooperi组合 ;以及滑石板期—达拉期牙形刺 Mesogondolella clarki组合 ,岛西北部地区的南好组废弃后可划分出 :中泥盆统吉维特阶 (?) (组名待建 )、上泥盆统法门阶昌江组、下石炭统岩关阶鸡实组 (新名 )、大塘阶青天峡组下段及三棱山组等不同地层单元 相似文献
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V. P. Morozov 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2007,42(1):68-74
The study of Lower and Middle Carboniferous limestones within the eastern flank of the Melekess Depression and the South Tatar Arch allowed us to reconstruct their formation environment. Bioclastic phyto-and zoomorphic limestones occur as wide zones parallel to the shoreline. Therefore, lithogenetic typification of limestones was used for the stratification of Tournaisian and Visean deposits. Serpukhovian and Bashkirian zoogenic, clastic, and pelitomorphic limestones formed away from the shoreline. Such deposits are represented by biogenic buildups (possibly, biostromes), fan limestones, synsedimentary crushing (clastic) limestones, and interbiostrome deposits (pelitomorphic limestones). Therefore, their horizon-scale stratification is impossible.Commercial oil pools in the carbonate part of the section are confined to bioclastic zoomorphic limestones subjected to secondary leaching. The confinement of leaching to the lithogenetic limestone types mentioned above is related to their composition (shell remains and calcite cement). Shell remains making up the rock skeleton are protected against leaching by the organic material that prevents rocks from compaction. 相似文献
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最近在辽宁本溪牛毛岭剖面上的上石炭统（宾夕法尼亚亚系）本溪组新洞沟段（本溪组中段）的煤系地层中发现了大量鳞木化石。现有资料证明,在牛毛岭剖面本溪组复洲湾段（本溪组上段）灰岩中发现了属于晚石炭世莫斯科期的牙形石,而在牛毛岭剖面邻近地区本溪组湖田段（本溪组下段）中则发现了属于早石炭世（密西西比亚纪）的亚鳞木、大脉羊齿和贝叶。由此认为,新发现的牛毛岭剖面本溪组新洞沟段（本溪组中段）的鳞木化石,应晚于早石炭世,早于晚石炭世莫斯科期,即应属巴什基尔期。鳞木是辽宁东部第一次成煤期滨海沼泽相成煤植物群中的代表性植物。 相似文献
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西藏申扎和改则地区早石炭世地层及腕足类研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
西藏申扎和改则地区早石炭世地层发育,腕足类及珊瑚类化石丰富。腕足类化石计有34属45种,共建立3个组合;申扎大塘阶下部巴日阿郎寨组Ovatia-Unispirifer组合;大塘阶上部永珠组Balakhonia-Productus组合;改则大塘阶上部Latiproductus-Striatifera组合。本文系统讨论了各腕足类组合的时代及与国内外同期地层的对比,将西藏境内早石炭世的沉积物及生物群划分为3个类型。根据生物群及沉积物在空间上的分布特点,笔者认为在早石炭世时,班公湖至怒江断裂南北生物群及沉积物具有明显的差异,即南部申扎和珠峰地区生物群及沉积物特征与冈瓦纳大陆相似,而北部改则地区与扬子地台的生物群及沉积物特征相同,其间可能有宽阔的海域隔离。 相似文献
13.
T.E. Repine Jr. B.M. Blake K.C. Ashton N. Fedorko III A.F. Keiser E.I. Loud C.J. Smith S.W. McClelland G.H. McColloch 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1993,23(1-4)
West Virginia is the only place in the United States where an entire section of Pennsylvanian age (Upper Carboniferous) strata can be seen. These strata occur within a wedge of rock that thins to the north and west from the southeastern part of the State. The progressive north-northwesterly termination of older Pennsylvanian geologic units beneath younger ones prominently outlines the center of the Appalachian basin of West Virginia. Over most of West Virginia, Lower and/or Middle Pennsylvanian strata unconformably overly Upper Mississippian (Lower Carboniferous) strata. Sediment deposition was accomplished by a complex system of deltas prograding north and west from an eastern and southeastern source area.More than 100 named coal beds occur within the Lower, Middle, and Upper Pennsylvanian rocks of West Virginia and at least 60 of these have been or are currently being mined commercially. Collectively, these coal beds account for original in-ground coal resources of almost 106.1×109 t (117×109 tons). West Virginia ranks fourth in the United States in demonstrated coal reserves. In 1988, West Virginia produced 131.4×106 t (144.9×106 T) of coal, third highest in the United States. Of this annual production, 75% was from underground mines. In 1988, West Virginia led the nation in the number of longwall mining sections currently in place. West Virginia's low-volatile coal beds are known worldwide as important metallurgical-grade coals, while the higher-volatile coal beds are utilized primarily for steam production. 相似文献
14.
袁复礼教授20—30年代对甘肃、新疆等省区的地层古生物研究做了开拓性工作,多有发现。本文阐述了他创立的几个地层单位——平凉笔石层、臭牛沟组、石钱滩泥灰岩(组)、大龙口层(组)、东红山层(组)、烧房沟层(组)、水西沟组(群)的意义,包括他对兽形爬行类化石的重大发现。同时,还介绍了他对甘肃东、西北部石炭纪地层以及准噶尔东部地层的主要研究成果。 相似文献
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AbstractThe upper Lower Carboniferous to lowermost Permian terrigenous succession of the Spiti Valley can be subdivided into five formations (Thabo Formation, Fenestella Shale, Kabjima Quartzarenite, Chichong Formation and Ganmachidam Diamictite), here described in detail and subdivided into members or lithozones.The Po Group, overlying the platform carbonates and gypsum deposits of the Lipak Formation, records an increase of subarkosic to quartzarenitic terrigenous detritus derived from uplift and erosion of continental blocks in the south during the initial stage of Neo-Tethyan rifting. Increasing mineralogic stability through the Thabo Formation broadly coincides with a climate change from tropical arid to temperate humid conditions during the Visean-Serpukhovian. The Fenestella Shale, containing rich brachiopod associations of Bashkirian age, documents a stage of widespread subsidence and transgression, followed by the regressive Kabjima Quartzarenite, which records recycling of quartzose sedimentary sequences in the south.The Chichong Formation marks another transgressive event, associated with a significant increase of granitoid detritus, partly from nearby Lesser to High Himalayan source areas. Chaetetid, cephalopod and brachiopod faunas hint at a Moscovian age for the “Chaetetid beds”, at the top of which varve-like lamination and scattered pebbles suggest glacially influenced deposition. The overlying glacio-fluvial (?) cobble conglomerates (“Pebbly beds”) reflect onset of rapid tectonic uplift.Abundant detritus from sedimentary rocks characterizes the overlying Ganmachidam Diamictite, deposited in glacio-marine environments; cold-water marine faunas of Asselian age occur in its middle part. Erosion of progressively older pre-rift sedimentary successions is ascribed to basin inversion, associated with unroofing of anatectic granitoids of the Lesser and High Himalayas. Basaltic to rhyolitic volcanic detritus documents alkalic magmatism at the climax of continental rifting. 相似文献
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塔里木盆地上泥盆统及石炭系包括5个组，自下而上分别为上泥盆统东河塘组和甘木里克组，石炭系巴楚组、卡拉沙依组和小海子组。其中东河塘组和甘木里克组地质时代为晚泥盆世，巴楚组地质时代为早石炭世杜内早中期，卡拉沙依组地质时代为晚杜内中期至巴什基尔期，小海子组地层时代为巴什基尔末期至莫斯科早期。岩石类型有碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩，还有膏盐岩，并夹薄层火山碎屑岩。沉积相主要为海陆过渡相组合，包括河流、三角洲、滨岸、浅海、碳酸盐岩台地、台地边缘6种相和12种亚相及33种微相。晚泥盆世东河塘期至石炭纪发生过4次较大的海侵，海侵范围由下而上逐渐增大，至晚石炭世小海子期海侵规模最大。东河塘期开始海侵，海水由西而东侵入，此时周缘碎屑物质供应充分，主要为无障壁海岸和障壁海岸沉积，西南缘为浅海相沉积。巴楚期晚期，海侵范围进一步扩大，物源向北或北东方向退却，陆源碎屑物质注入急剧减少，形成了一套富含生屑的碳酸盐岩地层，发育了开阔台地和局限台地亚相沉积。卡拉沙依期中期海侵规模比巴楚期更大，海水深度加大，西部为开阔台地亚相沉积，其余地区为局限台地亚相沉积。卡拉沙依期晚期和小海子期海侵达最大，向东扩展，大部分地区为开阔台地亚相沉积，东部地区为局限台地亚相沉积，塔北大部分地区缺失。 相似文献
17.
John R. Graham 《Sedimentary Geology》1981,30(3):195-211
A succession of about 300 m of fluvial sediments from the Lower Carboniferous of northwest Ireland is described and interpreted. A lower, mainly red, formation contains fluvial channel deposits dominated by flat laminated sandstone. These are separated by interbedded sandstones and mudrocks with local caliche horizons and abundant mudcracks interpreted as levee and flood basin deposits. An upper, mainly non-red, formation contains fluvial channel deposits with common trough cross-stratification and epsilon cross-stratification also separated by interbedded sandstones and mudrocks. Evidence of desiccation is less common in the uppermost beds which pass transitionally upwards into marine sediments.The change in fluvial channel style is interpreted as due to increasing sinuosity and permanence of flow which may have been partly temporally and partly spatially controlled. The predominance of coarse sediments is thought to be largely controlled by limited subsidence. The Lower Carboniferous transgression was the major overall control of alluviation. 相似文献
18.
湘中涟源下石炭统的陆源碎屑风暴岩 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
描述了测水组具丘状层理的石英砂岩风暴岩和具丘状层理的粉砂岩风暴岩以及邵东组的具粒序层理的粉砂质风暴岩和泥质介壳层风暴岩,四种风暴岩的环境分布依次为前滨——上临滨、下临滨——过渡带、远滨或滨外泥质陆棚。 相似文献
19.
《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2015,56(4):594-610
We summarize data on the biostratigraphic units of the Siberian Ordovician deposits based on pelagic groups of fauna: graptolites, conodonts, and chitinozoans. It is shown that graptolite and conodont zones and beds have a high potential for correlation. We have determined the precise zonal position of most of the lower boundaries of the Ordovician stages and informal Ordovician substages of the International Stratigraphic Chart in the Lower Paleozoic key sections of the Taimyr Peninsula, Siberian Platform, and Altai-Sayan Folded Area. 相似文献
20.
滨里海盆地普遍发育一套下二叠统空谷阶盐岩层 ,是良好的区域性盖层 ,它把盆地分为盐上和盐下两大复合成藏组合。海西运动晚期 ,盆地东部地区断续、强烈的构造运动决定了地层空间展布、组合特点 ,控制了三个成藏带的形成 ,共发育三套成藏组合。盆地东部地区盐下油气藏规模、储量较大 ,大中型油气藏主要与石炭系两套海相碳酸盐岩层 (KT Ⅰ和KT Ⅱ )有关。在盆地东部发现的 10个盐下油气藏中 ,KT Ⅰ、KT Ⅱ产层的盖层均为其顶部泥岩层。下石炭统生物碎屑灰岩和下二叠统页岩是有效生油岩 ,分散有机质属混合类型。储层类型以孔隙型为主 ,溶洞型、孔洞型储层较发育 ,裂缝型储层偶尔发育 ;储层的次生改造作用非常重要。石炭系碳酸盐岩储层普遍分布 ,油气成藏主要受圈闭位置及其特点所控制。 90 %以上的失利探井是因为构造不落实 ,精确落实构造圈闭的具体位置 ,成为勘探的重中之重。 相似文献