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1.
毛乌素沙地臭柏与油蒿群落细根生物量的季节动态及其空间变化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了探讨沙地生态系统植物根系生物量的季节动态及其空间变化,采用根钻法,从2005年4月至2005年10月对毛乌素沙地天然臭柏、油蒿群落0—90 cm土层中细根（D≤2 mm, D为直径）生物量动态进行了测定,臭柏细根总生物量为13.87~18.22 t·hm-2,细根平均生物量占总根量的60.10%;油蒿的细根总生物量为1.173~1.389 t·hm-2,细根平均生物量占总根量的73.04%。臭柏细根平均生物量为油蒿的12.50倍（P＜0.05）。臭柏、油蒿群落细根生物量动态呈双峰曲线,峰值分别出现在4月、8月和6月、10月。两者的活细根生物量大致呈上升趋势,死根生物量则相反。臭柏、油蒿群落细根生物量的垂直分布随土层加深,生物量明显减少,细根在不同层次上的动态变化与总细根量的季节变化有所不同。臭柏细根生物量从坡顶到坡底分别为16.8067 t·hm-2、16.1656 t·hm-2、10.9834 t·hm-2,呈下降趋势,其细根生物量比率从坡顶、坡中到坡底依次增大;油蒿细根生物量最高值出现在坡顶,坡中与坡底变化不明显,其细根生物量比率随坡位变化并不明显。 相似文献
2.
细根是植物根系中直径2 mm的部分,对植物群落功能的发挥和土壤碳库及全球碳循环具有重要意义。人工林是森林的重要组成部分,在全球碳循环中扮演着重要的角色,但目前对人工林的研究相对较少。沙枣人工林是西部荒漠地区重要的人工林类型,目前对于其固碳能力的研究尚属空白。利用土柱法和分解袋法,于2010年5～10月整个生长季节内,对三工河流域人工沙枣群落的细根生物量、分解与周转规律进行了研究。结果表明:沙枣群落的细根生物量表现出明显的季节和垂直变化,即在5～8月逐渐增加,8月达到最大值,9～10月逐渐下降。平均月细根生物量为146.24 g/m2,活细根和死细根分别占总细根生物量的73%和27%。在垂直变化上,随土壤深度增加细根生物量逐渐降低,其中,0～10 cm土层细根生物量比例最大,占总生物量的44.63%。沙枣群落的细根年分解率为58.5%。达到半分解和95%分解时,分别需要277d和1093d。沙枣群落的细根净生产力分别为151.99 g·m-2·a-1,细根年周转率分别为1.43次。实验证明,沙枣人工群落地下根系具有较高的生产力,具有良好的固碳能力,是适合在荒漠地区大力推广的人工林树种。 相似文献
3.
细根在城市绿地地下碳过程中扮演着重要的角色．本研究采用土芯法和WinRHIZO根系分析软件对福建省福州市区内城市绿地的细根现存生物量进行研究。结果表明：1）城市片林的细根生物量在1．15～2．60t／hm^2之间,低于草坪的细根生物量（1．34～4．45t／hm^2）,总体上也低于多数亚热带天然森林的细根生物量．2）细根垂直分布总体规律是随深度的增加而减少,城市草坪上层细根生物量与下层细根生物量差异大于城市片林．城市草坪土壤中79％的细根集中于表层土壤（0—10cm）,10～40cm土层中的细根生物量仅占20％,而各城市片林中仅有50％左右的细根集中于土壤表层0～10cm,10～30cm深度的土层中的细根生物量占30％,40～60cm的土层都仍有20％的细根存在．3）采用细根长度、直径建立双因素模型,对城市绿地细根生物量均有较好的拟合结果,但城市片林的模型拟合效果（R^2〉0．85）优于城市草坪（R^2为0．59～0．79）．鉴于草坪具有可观的细根生物量,其对城市土壤地下碳过程有着不容忽视的作用,因此今后还需进一步引入其他变量优化其细根拟合模型． 相似文献
4.
林波 《亚热带资源与环境学报》2021,16(1):29-34
细根(≤2 mm)在调节森林生态系统的生物地球化学循环中起着较为重要的作用,但目前对不同土层细根化学计量的认识非常有限。本研究在福建省三明陈大国有林场内对米槠次生林和杉木人工林不同土层细根养分含量特征进行了研究。结果显示:(1)杉木人工林0~10 cm、60~80 cm土层0~1 mm细根碳浓度显著高于米槠次生林,10~20 cm、20~40 cm土层则显著低于米槠次生林;杉木人工林10~20 cm、20~40 cm土层1~2 mm细根碳浓度显著低于米槠次生林,其余土层则显著高于米槠次生林。(2)杉木人工林0~1 mm和1~2 mm细根氮浓度在所有土层深度均显著低于米槠次生林,两个林分0~10 cm细根氮浓度均显著高于其余土层。(3)杉木人工林0~1 mm和1~2 mm细根碳氮比在所有土层深度均显著高于米槠次生林。结果表明,米槠次生林和杉木人工林在演替过程中不同林分同一土层以及同一林分不同土层的细根养分含量差异显著,这可能反映了米槠次生林和杉木人工林细根在生长过程中有不同的资源获取策略。 相似文献
5.
通过对34年生木荚红豆人工林细根生物量、季节动态与垂直分布进行为期3年(1999~2001)的研究,结果表明:木荚红豆人工林细根生物量为(3·01±0·47)t/hm2,其中活细根生物量为(1·70±0·77)t/hm2,死细根生物量为(1·31±0·52)t/hm2.活细根和死细根生物量不同季节间差异均达到显著水平(P<0·05),但年际间差异未达显著水平(P>0·05).活细根生物量一般在3月份出现极大值,11月份出现极小值.死细根生物量峰值出现在9~11月份间,最低值一般出现在3月份.活细根和死细根生物量均随土壤深度增加而下降. 相似文献
6.
杉木人工林细根寿命研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
林木细根(≤2 mm)是树木水分和养分吸收的主要器官,是陆地生态系统净生产力的重要组成部分,深入理解细根生长过程及其寿命是建立全球碳及养分循环模型的关键.本试验采用微根管技术对11年生杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)人工林细根生长、衰老、死亡的动态过程进行了为期1年半的监测,运用Kaplan-Meier方法估计细根存活率及中值寿命(Median root longevity,MRL),生成存活曲线(Survival curve).用对数秩检验(Log-rank test)比较不同直径、不同土层、不同季节出生的细根寿命差异程度.结果表明,细根主要出现在雨季(3-8月),以直径0～1 mm的细根为主,并随观测期的延长,细根存活率下降,中值寿命为236 d.直径0～1 mm的细根累积存活率小于1～2 mm的细根.土壤下层(20～40 cm)的生存曲线在细根累积存活率达到50%以后始终高于上层(0～20 cm),上下层中值寿命分别为236 d和243 d,这可能与土壤环境因素的垂直分布相关,下层土壤有利于延长细根寿命.不同出生时间的细根寿命不同,雨季与干季出生的细根中值寿命分别为86 d和270 d. 相似文献
7.
陈勇 《亚热带资源与环境学报》2006,1(3):63-66
通过对34年生木荚红豆人工林细根生物量、季节动态与垂直分布进行为期3年(1999～2001)的研究,结果表明木荚红豆人工林细根生物量为(3.0l±0,47)t/hm2,其中活细根生物量为(1.70±0.77)t/hm2,死细根生物量为(1.31±0.52)t/hm2.活细根和死细根生物量不同季节间差异均达到显著水平(P＜0.05),但年际间差异未达显著水平(P＞0.05).活细根生物量一般在3月份出现极大值,11月份出现极小值.死细根生物量峰值出现在9～11月份间,最低值一般出现在3月份.活细根和死细根生物量均随土壤深度增加而下降. 相似文献
8.
毛乌素沙地沙柳细根分布规律及与土壤水分分布的关系 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
以2 mm为粗、细根的划分界限,采用根钻法对毛乌素沙地的单株沙柳及沙柳林地的细根分布进行了调查研究,同时测量土壤含水率。结果表明,沙柳细根垂直分布深度为1.5 m左右,且随土壤深度的增加细根生物量逐渐减少,细根根量最大值出现在表层,在0～20 cm范围内集中分布,约占总根量的一半左右。沙柳水平根系发达,细根主要分布在冠幅半径3倍左右的范围内,表明沙柳通过水平扩展来获取分布于土壤浅层的大气降水;丘顶沙柳林地根量小于丘底林地根量,土壤水分的含量和分布决定沙柳细根根量的大小和分布。 相似文献
9.
沙漠人工植物群落的根系分布及动态 总被引：19，自引：13，他引：6
2004年植物生长季,利用根钻取样研究了沙漠4种不同配置类型油蒿与柠条植物群落的根系分布及生长动态;另外,采用挖沟分层取样研究了半固定沙丘两种植物的粗根剖面结构,结果表明：尽管4个样地高峰值和低峰值出现的时间不一致,但沙漠植物细根的生长动态表现为双峰型;整个生长季纯油蒿样地细根密集分布于0~40 cm,其余样地密集分布于10~60 cm;受一年生植物的影响,9月份4个样地表层（0~30 cm）细根的根长密度和根重密度均出现最大值。采用边灌水边取样的办法获得4个样地300 cm深的根系数据,4个样地90%以上的细根分布在0~200 cm层次,其中纯油蒿样地的根系的最大深度是270 cm,其余3个样地均在300 cm以下;细根的根长密度和根重密度随深度而减小且呈指数递减形式（P<0.01）。除纯油蒿样地外的其他3个样地,根瘤的最高值出现在4月份;粗根的根长密度远远小于细根的根长密度。挖沟分层取样研究表明,与柠条相比油蒿具有较高的根冠比;柠条的粗根长主要分布于0~60 cm,粗根重主要分布在0~40 cm;油蒿的粗根分布比柠条的更浅,粗根长主要分布于0~40 cm,粗根重主要分布在0~20 cm。 相似文献
10.
杉木人工林细根寿命研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
林木细根（≤2mm）是树木水分和养分吸收的主要器官,是陆地生态系统净生产力的重要组成部分,深入理解细根生长过程及其寿命是建立全球碳及养分循环模型的关键．本试验采用微根管技术对11年生杉木（Cunninghamia lanceolata）人工林细根生长、衰老、死亡的动态过程进行了为期1年半的监测,运用Kaplan—Meier方法估计细根存活率及中值寿命（Median root longevity,MRL）,生成存活曲线（Survival curve）．用对数秩检验（Log—rank test）比较不同直径、不同土层、不同季节出生的细根寿命差异程度．结果表明,细根主要出．现在雨季（3q月）,以直径0～1mm的细根为主,并随观测期的延长,细根存活率下降,中值寿命为236d．直径0～1mm的细根累积存活率小于1～2mm的细根．土壤下层（20～40cm）的生存曲线在细根累积存活率达到50％以后始终高于上层（0～20cm）,上下层中值寿命分别为236d和243d,这可能与土壤环境因素的垂直分布相关,下层土壤有利于延长细根寿命．不同出生时间的细根寿命不同,雨季与干季出生的细根中值寿命分别为86d和270d． 相似文献
11.
Women,Politics, Elections,and Citizenship 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(1):1-10
Abstract Significantly more women than men are registered voters in the United States, and a higher proportion of women voters actually cast ballots on election day. Yet the 106th Congress (1999-2001) includes only 56 women members, 12% of the total membership of the House and Senate. Likewise, women hold only 22% of the total seats in state legislatures. The purpose of this article is to examine this paradox. It first examines the history of the women's movement in the United States. It then turns to an evaluation of women's progress in gaining elected office. Finally it considers three primary obstacles to women gaining equitable representation: solidarity among women, political culture, and the single-member district system now employed in the United States. 相似文献
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Robert G. Darmody & Colin E. Thorn 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》1997,79(4):215-222
Chemical weathering and associated soil development trends on glacial forelands are commonly assumed to exhibit increases with time elapsed since glaciation. However, this gross trend is complicated by several other factors including elevation, aspect, and microtopography. This paper demonstrates that on the glacial foreland at Storbreen, Jotunheimen, Norway, chemical weathering and associated soil development trends show significant elevational influences. We sampled soils at shallow depths (0–1, 1–5, and 15–20 cm) at two sites on a moraine dated to 1750 at its elevational extremes of 1155 m (site L) and 1385 m (site H). The two moraine sites also differed developmentally from an adjacent 9000-year-old surface (site T) at an intermediate elevation, 1205 m. Analyses were conducted on the fine-earth fractions. Extractable elemental composition exhibited detectable differences between the same-age soils at different elevations with the lower site L tending to have measured parameters intermediate between the high site H and the older site T. Weathering, as indicated by mineralogy, was more pronounced at the 9000-year-old site T and least evident at the high elevation site H. In addition, elevation under the conditions of the field research may inhibit pedogenesis as indicated by the chemical data. Site H, for example, showed little variation with depth and had in general, less organic matter accumulation, smaller C:N ratio, greater pH, and lesser amounts of the measured extractable elements than the soil at site L. Site T generally had smaller pH and larger levels of the measured elements than the other sites. It was concluded that elevation has a significant control on weathering and pedogenesis that may mask the effects of age in this cold and wet environment. 相似文献
16.
Rolf Sternberg 《Geographical review》1998,88(3):327-348
ABSTRACT. Wilhelm Richard Wagner fused fantasy based on epic and lore with seamless scores, using landscapes and urban images to forge spatial order on stage. As a footloose composer-conductor, Wagner was considered a globetrotter for his time, and from trans-European tours he drew inspiration for numerous stagings. Nine of his operas have rustic pastoral settings, with actors silhouetted against geological formations, forests, vistas of undulating terrain for pilgrimages, or raging seas, all visually believable scenery. Rienzi and Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg are urban in setting, whereas Die Feen and Das Liebesverbot are set in a castle-like format. 相似文献
17.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):306-317
This study investigates whether women's short commutes should be interpreted as constrained or convenient work trips by examining how race, gender, travel mode, occupation, residential location, workplace location, and Inc.ome affect commuting time. The analysis is restricted to a sample of European American and African American male and female workers residing in Buffalo, New York, and the surrounding county using data drawn from the Public Use Microdata Samples of the 1990 U.S. census. Given the pervasive gender wage gap, women unsurprisingly have more compromised (short commutes to low-Inc.ome jobs) work trips than do men. Multivariate analysis reveals that among those who reverse commute to suburban locations, African American women have the longest work trips. 相似文献
18.
Ibipo Johnston-Anumonwo 《The Professional geographer》1997,49(3):306-317
This study investigates whether women's short commutes should be interpreted as constrained or convenient work trips by examining how race, gender, travel mode, occupation, residential location, workplace location, and Inc.ome affect commuting time. The analysis is restricted to a sample of European American and African American male and female workers residing in Buffalo, New York, and the surrounding county using data drawn from the Public Use Microdata Samples of the 1990 U.S. census. Given the pervasive gender wage gap, women unsurprisingly have more compromised (short commutes to low-Inc.ome jobs) work trips than do men. Multivariate analysis reveals that among those who reverse commute to suburban locations, African American women have the longest work trips. 相似文献
19.
《Urban geography》2013,34(4):470-475
Postmetropolis deepens Edward Soja's engagement with the sociospatial dialectic, one of his major contributions to urban theory. It also represents an uncharacteristic foray into history. The objectives of my contribution are to probe his treatment of time and to extend his sociospatial dialectic into the realm of actor-network theory, thereby further situating the materiality of the city at the theoretical center of social thought. 相似文献
20.
ABSTRACTIn academic and policy discourse, the concept of urban resilience is proliferating. Social theorists, especially human geographers, have rightfully criticized that the underlying politics of resilience have been ignored and stress the importance of asking “resilience of what, to what, and for whom?” This paper calls for careful consideration of not just resilience for whom and what, but also where, when, and why. A three-phase process is introduced to enable these “five Ws” to be negotiated collectively and to engender critical reflection on the politics of urban resilience as plans, initiatives, and projects are conceived, discussed, and implemented. Deployed through the hypothetical case of green infrastructure in Los Angeles, the paper concludes by illustrating how resilience planning trade-offs and decisions affect outcomes over space and time, often with significant implications for equity. 相似文献