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1.
Summary The statistics of the vertical distribution of earthquake foci belonging to the Wadati-Benioff zone in the Hellenic arc show that the seismic activity, in terms of the total number of events at a given depth range during the period 1901–82, and b value of the frequency-magnitude relation vary with depth in a specific manner. The seismic activity of the western and eastern flanks of the Wadati-Benioff zone varies with depth in a similar way, whereas the b-value depth variation for these two flanks of the subduction zone does not show such a similarity. 相似文献
2.
Ali Aydin 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(11):2329-2344
The Normalized Full Gradient (NFG) method which was put forward about 50 years ago has been used for downward continuation
of gravity potential data, especially in the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. This method nullifies perturbations
due to the passage of mass depth during downward continuation. The method depends on the downwards analytical continuation
of normalized full gradient values of gravity data. Analytical continuation discriminates certain structural anomalies which
cannot be distinguished in the observed gravity field. This method has been used in various petroleum and tectonic studies.
The Trapeze method was used for the determination of Fourier coefficients during the application of this method. No other
techniques for calculating these coefficients have been used. However, the Filon method was used for the determination of
Fourier coefficients during the application of the NFG method in this work. This method, rather than the Trapeze method, should
be preferred for indicating abnormal mass resources at the lower harmonics. In this study, the NFG method using the Filon
method has been applied the first time to theoretical models of gravity profiles as example field at the Hasankale-Horasan
petroleum exploration province where successful results were achieved. Hydrocarbon presence was shown on the NFG sections
by the application of NFG downward continuation operations on theoretical models. Important signs of hydrocarbon structure
on the NFG section for field and model data at low harmonics are obtained more effectively using this method. 相似文献
3.
Amr Z. Hamouda 《Acta Geophysica》2006,54(2):165-176
Earthquake hazard parameters such as maximum magnitude, annual mean seismic activity rate, and the Gutenberg-Richter parameter,
have been evaluated for the Hellenic and Cyprean Arc regions of the Eastern Mediterranean. The applied maximum likelihood
procedure permits the combination of both historical and instrumental data. The collected data from different sources cover
earthquakes with magnitude ≥ 3.5 throughout the last two centuries. The historical part of the catalogue only contains the
strongest events, whereas the complete part can be divided into several subcatalogues, each assumed complete above a specific
threshold of magnitude.
The hazard parameters assessment is performed for the two study regions. The Hellenic Arc region was found to be of higher
seismicity level than the Cyprean Arc region. The number of annually expected earthquakes with magnitude ≥ 3.5 is much larger
in the Hellenic Arc (56±2) than in the Cyprean Arc (35±2). The maximum magnitude calculated in the Hellenic Arc zone is 7.8±0.4
for the time period equal to the length of the catalogue, i.e., 210 years. For the Cyprean Arc zone, the maximum possible
magnitude is 6.8±0.4 for the time span of 330 years. 相似文献
4.
Recently, Normalized Full Gradient (NFG) method has widespread applications to natural potential fields, especially in gravity and magnetic. In this study, usage of NFG in Self-Potential (SP) data evaluation is tested. Results are compared to other SP interpretation methods. The NFG method is applied to synthetic and field SP data. As a consequence of application of the method to the anomalies of spherical, cylindrical and vertical sheet models, whose theoretical structures are explicit, the structures were found very close to their actual locations. In order to see the capability of the method in detecting the number of sources, NFG method was applied to different spherical models at different depths and locations. The least-squares inverse solution was applied to the same models and NFG method was found more powerful in detecting model structure. Sensitivity of NFG method for application to noisy data is also tested. An anomaly is generated by adding a random noise to two close sphere SP anomalies. The method seems to work for the two close spheres at high S/N ratio. Then, NFG method was applied to two field examples. The first one is the cross section taken from the SP anomaly map of the Ergani-Süleymanköy (Turkey) copper mine. The depth of the mineral deposit at that site was found about 38 m from the ground level. This result is well matched to previous studies. NFG was also applied to SP data from Seferihisar Izmir (Western Turkey) geothermal field and the location of the point source was determined. The field data of this site have already been modeled by the thermoelectric source (coupling) solution method. When these two methods are compared, they seem to support each other. It is concluded that the NFG method works perfectly when the structure model is simple. It is observed that natural potential sources close to earth’s surface are identified by the method more accurately at greater harmonics, while deep sources are identified at lesser harmonics. It produces reasonable results for noisy multi-source models than the other parameter identification methods (inverse solution, power spectrum, etc.). 相似文献
5.
芦山—康定地区是川滇块体、松潘—甘孜块体和华南块体三个块体过渡的"Y"型交汇区,构造变形十分强烈.本文对EGM2008计算的布格重力异常进行1~5阶离散小波变换,得到三方向分量平方和的平方根(HVDM)图像;利用实测剖面布格重力异常数据,得到剖面的布格重力异常归一化总梯度(NFG)图像.结果分析表明:(1)垂直于龙门山断裂带南段剖面的NFG图像显示推覆构造体前端切割较浅、后端逐步变深至中地壳,说明松潘—甘孜块体在深约10~30km之间存在滑脱构造,在青藏高原东向挤出和四川盆地的阻挡作用下,造成深、浅部构造差异性运动,形成逆冲推覆的龙门山构造带;(2)HVDM图像和剖面的NFG图像均显示龙门山断裂带西南段与中段和东北段不同,松潘—甘孜块体对四川盆地的逆冲推覆作用沿北东方向具有分段性;(3)雅江—洪雅剖面NFG图像显示鲜水河断裂带和龙门山断裂之间存在高梯度变化带,在鲜水河断裂带下方强变形带不仅在20km左右东倾至龙门山断裂带前缘,且逐渐近垂直向下伸入至少到下地壳,反映了两大断裂带交汇区域变形作用较强.川滇块体内部和四川盆地内部则显示低值,说明其变形作用较弱.强烈左旋剪切的鲜水河断裂带对芦山—康定地区构造活动具有主要的控制作用. 相似文献
6.
The normalized full gradient (NFG) represents the full gradient of the gravity anomaly at a point divided by the average of
the full gradient at the same point. The NFG minimum between two maxima in an NFG section or a closed minimum surrounded by
closed maxima on an NFG map may indicate density-deficient anomalies closely related to possible oil–gas reservoirs. On a
cross-section, closed minima can be used to estimate the depth to centers of possible hydrocarbon reservoirs. The NFG map
can also be used to locate oil–gas exploratory wells for estimation of the depth of possible reservoirs. The objective of
this paper is to use two and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) NFG on gravity data of the Tabas basin in Yazd province, eastern
Iran. A hypothetical model is first considered to explore the NFG characteristics and their relationship with the geometry
of the model. The physical properties of the model are then studied to simplify the interpretation of real data. Finally 2D
and 3D NFG models are developed for real gravity data to predict the location of any possible high potential oil–gas reservoirs.
The results obtained indicate two zones in the northern and central parts of the Tabas basin suitable for hydrocarbon prospecting.
However, the favorable zone located in the middle of the basin in which anticline E is detected at a depth of 5–7 km is more
important for the purpose of hydrocarbon exploration. 相似文献
7.
This paper presents a probable isostatic model of the East Anatolian Region, which lies in a belt of significant plate movements.
Probable locations of the horizontal and vertical discontinuities in the crust structure were determined using the normalized
full gradient (NFG) method. For the purpose of explaining the mechanism that supports topography corresponding to the crust
thickness in the region, calculations of effective elastic thickness (T
e) were carried out initially by utilizing admittance and misfit functions. According to these results, the effective elastic
thickness value obtained was less than the crust thickness, even though the isostatic model does not conform with the Airy
model. Consequently, it was assumed that there could be problems beneath the crust. Hence, the NFG method was applied on
the Bouguer gravity data of the region in order to investigate probable discontinuities in the crust structure. According
to the NFG results, vertical structural transitions were observed at a depth ranging between 10 and 30 km, which begin immediately
north of the Bitlis Zagros Suture Zone (BZSZ) and continue in a northerly direction. The relationship between the effective
elastic thickness (T
e; 13 km in average as determined in the last stage), and the seismogenic zone in the region was investigated. If the T
e value happens to be less then the crustal thickness, then one can say that there are problems in the crustal structure of
the region similar to Eastern Anatolia. Indeed, when NFG results of the study area are examined, numerous vertical and horizontal
discontinuities in the crust can be observed. These discontinuities, which correspond to low Bouguer gravity anomalies and
shallow focal depth-earthquakes, are probably the source of the factors which rule the tectonic mechanism of the region. 相似文献
8.
重-磁-震联合反演是获取地壳结构的重要方法.此次研究,我们主要基于全球最新的水深、重磁异常、沉积物厚度等数据,结合实测地震数据和前人研究成果,分析了中国海-西太平洋地区的莫霍面展布特征,并利用重磁震联合反演方法获得了跨越中国海-西太平洋典型剖面的地壳结构和异常体分布,揭示了陆壳到洋壳的典型变化规律.结果表明,从浙江地区到马里亚纳俯冲带,地壳结构大致呈现由厚到薄、由老到新、由复杂到简单的特征.浙江地区（扬子块体和华夏块体）地壳结构复杂,三层结构明显,地壳内断裂带发育,并伴有广泛的岩浆侵入;东海地区莫霍面起伏剧烈,地壳厚度变化较大,冲绳海槽地壳明显减薄,是其过渡壳性质的体现;西菲律宾海盆、九州-帕劳海脊、帕里西维拉海盆、马里亚纳俯冲带等构造单元地壳结构相对简单,二层结构明显.其中,西菲律宾海盆和帕里西维拉海盆地壳内部磁异常变化较为剧烈,海盆扩张过程中形成的磁异常体分布广泛,地壳厚度（5~8 km）明显小于陆壳;九州-帕劳海脊地壳厚度可达~20 km,缺失中地壳,表现为岛弧地壳结构;同源的西马里亚纳岛弧和东马里亚纳火山弧地壳结构相似,浅层磁异常体分布广泛,西马里亚纳岛弧地壳厚度（~17 km）略小于东马里亚纳火山弧（~20 km）,体现了裂离的不对称性;马里亚纳海槽具有正常的洋壳结构（~7 km）,但扩张中心未发生明显破裂.对比各构造单元地壳结构的异同点,我们进一步认识到,陆壳与洋壳之间不是孤立的,陆壳可能会演化出洋壳的结构或组分,板块的演化总是处于动态循环过程中.此研究加深了我们对中国海-西太平洋深部构造特征的整体理解,促进了我们对大陆边缘演化与板块相互作用的认识,深化了我国管辖海域及邻近地区的基础地质调查. 相似文献
9.
中国边缘海岩石层结构研究 总被引：9，自引：9，他引：9
本文以中国边缘海——东海与南海为研究对象，在体波与面波数据层析成像结果基础上，结合重磁及莫霍深度反演结果，对中国边缘海的地壳分布特点、岩石层结构进行了研究．同时对东海从陆区一直到琉球岛弧的地壳变化进行了总结与讨论，并提交了层析成像与位场反演的结果．认为中国东海地区的重力场具有“东西分带”的特点源于深部结构，而冲绳海槽盆地的形成应与大洋板块的俯冲后撤作用有密切关系．同时认为，菲律宾岛弧具有较特殊的结构，莫霍面下凹，上地幔顶部有较低速度的片状体存在，根据判断，南海与太平洋板块沿菲律宾岛弧在这里呈现出对冲的特点。 相似文献
10.
11.
The Normalized Full Gradient (NFG) method was proposed in the mid–1960s and was generally used for the downward continuation of the potential field data. The method eliminates the side oscillations which appeared on the continuation curves when passing through anomalous body depth. In this study, the NFG method was applied to Slingram electromagnetic anomalies to obtain the depth of the anomalous body. Some experiments were performed on the theoretical Slingram model anomalies in a free space environment using a perfectly conductive thin tabular conductor with an infinite depth extent. The theoretical Slingram responses were obtained for different depths, dip angles and coil separations, and it was observed from NFG fields of the theoretical anomalies that the NFG sections yield the depth information of top of the conductor at low harmonic numbers. The NFG sections consisted of two main local maxima located at both sides of the central negative Slingram anomalies. It is concluded that these two maxima also locate the maximum anomaly gradient points, which indicates the depth of the anomaly target directly. For both theoretical and field data, the depth of the maximum value on the NFG sections corresponds to the depth of the upper edge of the anomalous conductor. The NFG method was applied to the in-phase component and correct depth estimates were obtained even for the horizontal tabular conductor. Depth values could be estimated with a relatively small error percentage when the conductive model was near-vertical and/or the conductor depth was larger. 相似文献
12.
George Kaviris Ioannis Fountoulakis Ioannis Spingos Christos Millas Panayotis Papadimitriou George Drakatos 《Acta Geophysica》2018,66(6):1341-1357
SKS and PKS splitting parameters were determined in the broader Greek region using data from 45 stations of the Hellenic Unified Seismological Network and the Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, utilizing teleseismic events that occurred between 2010 and 2017. Data were processed for shear-wave splitting with the Minimum Energy Method that was considered the optimal. The results generally confirm the existence of anisotropic zonation in the Hellenic subduction system, with alternating trench-normal and trench-parallel directions. The zonation is attributed to the upper and lower olivine fabric layers that can, potentially, be present in the subduction zone. At the edges of this zone, two possible toroidal flow cases have been identified, implying the existence of tears that allow the inflow of asthenospheric material in the mantle wedge. The high number of null measurements in the KZN and XOR stations indicates a possible anisotropic transition zone between the fore-arc and back-arc areas. SKS and PKS splitting results are jointly interpreted, given that they yield similar values in most cases. 相似文献
13.
The relationship between chemical composition of volcanic rocks and vertical depth from the volcano to the inclined seismic zone has been investigated by some authors only recently. Under a typical volcanic are, the seismofocal layer shapes an arch and the average depth of seismic foci increases progressively from the center. Such archs are observed in Honshu and Hokkaido and our object is to test in these regions a progressive magmatic evolution as a function of depth by taking into account the complete set of major elements using the correspondence analysis. There appears to be a definite relationship between seismofocal zone processes in the upper mantle and volcanic activity not only in the direction of the subduction zone transverse to an island are but also in the longitudinal right direction of this are. 相似文献
14.
V字型密度界面是一类常见的密度界面,如海沟、半地堑以及俯冲带之下的莫霍面,利用重力数据刻画此类密度界面形态对于区域构造研究、油气勘探以及物理海洋学等都具有重要意义.本文首先建立了Lp-范数形式的模型约束函数,并利用正则化原理将其与重力数据误差函数和已知深度约束函数结合形成V字型密度界面反演的目标函数,推导了目标函数的梯度表达式,并以非线性共轭梯度法为核心给出了反演流程.二维简单模型试算结果表明p=5时该方法能准确地刻画V字型密度界面起伏特征,且亦能准确地应用于二维复杂密度界面和三维界面的反演.最后将反演方法应用于挑战者深渊及邻区的实际资料处理之中,利用研究区海底地形数据和沉积层厚度数据对自由空间重力异常逐层剥离而得到莫霍面引起的重力异常,用本文方法对此重力异常进行反演,结果呈现了板块俯冲作用引起的V字型莫霍面起伏特征. 相似文献
15.
Fault plane solutions for earthquakes in the central Hellenic arc are analysed to determine the deformation and stress regimes
in the Hellenic subduction zone in the vicinity of Crete. Fault mechanisms for earthquakes recorded by various networks or
contained in global catalogues are collected. In addition, 34 fault plane solutions are determined for events recorded by
our own local temporary network on central Crete in 2000–2001. The entire data set of 264 source mechanisms is examined for
types of faulting and spatial clustering of mechanisms. Eight regions with significantly varying characteristic types of faulting
are identified of which the upper (Aegean) plate includes four. Three regions contain interplate seismicity along the Hellenic
arc from west to east and all events below are identified to occur within the subducting African lithosphere. We perform stress
tensor inversion to each of the subsets in order to determine the stress field. Results indicate a uniform N-NNE direction
of relative plate motion between the Ionian Sea and Rhodes resulting in orthogonal convergence in the western forearc and
oblique (40–50∘) subduction in the eastern forearc. There, the plate boundary migrates towards the SE resulting in left-lateral strike-slip
faulting that extends to onshore Eastern Crete. N110∘E trending normal faulting in the Aegean plate at this part is in accordance with this model. Along-arc extension is observed
on Western Crete. Fault plane solutions for earthquakes within the dipping African lithosphere indicate that slab pull is
the dominant force within the subduction process and responsible for the roll-back of the Hellenic subduction zone. 相似文献
16.
— Alexandria City has suffered great damage due to earthquakes from near and distant sources, both in historical and recent times. Sometimes the source of such damages is not well known. Seismogenic zones such as the Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba-Dead Sea Hellenic Arc, Suez-Cairo-Alexandria, Eastern-Mediterranean-Cairo-Faiyoum and the Egyptian costal area are located in the vicinity of this city. The Egyptian coastal zone has the lowest seismicity, and therefore, its tectonic setting is not well known. The 1998 Egyptian costal zone earthquake is a moderate complex source. It is composed of two subevents separated by 4 sec. The first subevent initiated at a depth of 28 km and caused a rupture of strike (347°), dip (29°) and slip (125°). The second subevent occurred at a shallower depth (24 km) and has a relatively different focal parameter (strike 334°, dip 60° and slip 60°). The available focal mechanisms strongly support the manifestation of a complex stress regime from the Hellenic Arc into the Alexandria offshore area. In the present study a numerical modeling technique is applied to estimate quantitative seismic hazard in Alexandria. In terms of seismic hazard, both local and remote earthquakes have a tremendous affect on this city. A local earthquake with magnitude Ms = 6.7 at the offshore area gives peak ground acceleration up to 300 cm/sec2. The total duration of shaking expected from such an earthquake is about three seconds. The Fourier amplitude spectra of the ground acceleration reveals that the maximum energy is carried by the low frequency (1–3 Hz), part of the seismic waves. The largest response spectra at Alexandria city is within this frequency band. The computed ground accelerations due to strong earthquakes in the Hellenic Arc, Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba are very small (less than 10 cm/sec2) although with long duration (up to 3 minutes). 相似文献
17.
日本俯冲带与IBM俯冲带位于太平洋板块、菲律宾海板块和欧亚板块三者的交汇地带,是典型的"俯冲工厂"地区,具有重要的研究意义.本文利用震源分布资料与卫星重力数据对日本俯冲带与IBM俯冲带进行了研究.通过空间重力异常反映了俯冲带地区的区域构造形态,在此基础上基于艾利模式计算了均衡异常以反映地壳均衡特征.利用震源分布资料,分别从垂直俯冲带走向与沿俯冲带走向划定了横截剖面(cross-sections)进行了地震提取,讨论了俯冲带地区的Wadati-Benioff带形态特征,并借助于俯冲带地震等深线图直观描述了俯冲带的俯冲形态.在日本俯冲带与伊豆—小笠原俯冲带各选取了一条典型剖面进行了重力2.5D反演,研究了俯冲带地区的壳幔结构特征.研究结果表明,九州—帕劳海脊与IBM岛弧在均衡异常上存在差异,前者已逐渐趋向于地壳均衡.IBM的Wadati-Benioff带存在明显的南北差异,反映出伊豆—小笠原俯冲板片停留在了660km转换带中,而马里亚纳俯冲板片很可能垂直穿过了这一转换带,造成这种南北差异的原因与板块相对运动、岩石圈黏性和年龄差异以及俯冲板片的重力效应等因素有关.在IBM的中部和南部存在板片撕裂现象.日本俯冲带的俯冲洋壳密度随俯冲深度变化较小,洋幔存在一定程度的蛇纹岩化,地幔楔蛇纹岩化作用不典型,海沟处有一范围较小的含水畸变带;伊豆—小笠原俯冲带俯冲洋壳密度随深度增大而明显增大,洋幔蛇纹岩化程度较日本俯冲带低,地幔楔蛇纹岩化作用强烈,板块交汇处存在明显的蛇纹岩底辟.日本俯冲带与IBM俯冲带一线自北向南板片俯冲变陡,两侧板块耦合度降低,与俯冲带两侧的板块运动速率差异有关. 相似文献
18.
本文分析了青藏高原及其邻区大量近期地震的震源深度分布资料,发现中源地震不仅分布在众所周知的兴都库什和印缅山弧一带,而且在印度洋板块与欧亚板块汇聚带印度河-雅鲁藏布江以南,以及欧亚板块内部的帕米尔、西昆仑、柴达木和天山南缘一带也有中源地震分布,它们构成了这一地区三条向南倾斜的震源带。 这些中源地震震源带的存在表明,向北运动的印度次大陆与亚洲大陆碰撞以后,印度次大陆北缘本身并没有消减,而是迫使亚洲大陆通过三条向南倾斜的岩石层消减带产生了大规模的消减作用。 中源地震在平面上分布的不连续性,揭示了这一地区的许多条走滑断层的现代活动。这些走滑断层的巨大位移显示了青藏高原内部各块体之间的横向运动也是很可观的。 最后,提出了亚洲大陆多条南倾消减带的形成和发展模式。 相似文献
19.
Mireille Laigle Alfred Hirn Maria Sachpazi Christophe Clment 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2002,200(3-4):243-253
The western Hellenic arc has been commonly considered as a largely aseismic subduction zone, from the comparison of a small rate of shortening derived from the seismic moment release, with a large rate of convergence inferred from geology. Complete seismic coupling would instead be expected from models that consider a control by plate tectonic forces, because of the trenchward velocity of the Hellenic–Aegean upper plate now confirmed with GPS measurements. In the region of the Ionian Islands, a subduction interplate boundary has been recently imaged and its seismogenic downdip width suggested to be moderate, from reflection seismic profiling and local earthquake tomography. In the appropriate model for such an earthquake source region, which considers a single interplate fault and takes into account these features, the moderate seismic moment release is found consistent with complete seismic coupling of this subduction. The shallow downdip limit of the seismogenic zone can be interpreted as due to the interplate boundary being overlain there by the ductile deeper crust of the orogenically thickened Hellenides. 相似文献
20.
分析了东北地区的重、磁场特征,同时对研究区的布格重力异常和航磁异常据进行了小波分析计算.根据分析与计算可知,东北地区重力场以北东走向为主,表现出该地区重力场的主要趋势.根据磁场的分布特征,可将研究区分为六个区域:呼和浩特以北磁场相对平静区;赤峰一带正负磁场交互变化区;海拉尔以南磁场缓变区;齐齐哈尔—依春磁场剧烈变化区;长春—沈阳负磁场平缓区;牡丹江—丹东磁场区.利用重力资料,应用调和级数法对研究区的莫霍界面进行了反演计算,得到了该地区莫霍界面深度分布.根据磁力资料采用遗传算法反演计算了研究区居里界面的深度分布.同时对研究区的地壳结构特征进行了探讨. 相似文献