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1.
利用高频面波反演横波速度一直是浅地表地震工程研究的热点。为深入认识利用高频面波（瑞雷波和勒夫波）评价横波速度的能力,本文首先采取高阶交错网格有限差分法实现两层模型的瑞雷波和勒夫波数值模拟,并应用τ-p变换形成频散能量图。相比瑞雷波,不同模式的勒夫波频散能量很接近,这说明易于实现多模式勒夫波反演。然后利用线性映射实现广义模式识别这种非线性反演方法对含软弱夹层的四层模型的基模式、多模式瑞雷波和勒夫波的变厚度反演。若初始模型很拙劣,相比勒夫波,瑞雷波基模式反演不能重建地层中含有软弱夹层这一特征,瑞雷波多模式反演则可以重建这一特征;勒夫波基模式和多模式反演都可以重建这一特征。即使在地层的泊松比与估计值相差很大时,瑞雷波多模式反演仍能重建地层结构,但其频散曲线总是存在"模式接吻"现象,容易模式误判;而勒夫波反演则不用估计地层泊松比,也不存在"模式接吻"现象。一系列算例表明：高模式瑞雷波的加入会显著提高横波速度评价结果的精度;而高模式勒夫波的加入会令反演系统对半空间以上异常层的参数过于敏感,造成参数过度估计,但也会显著提升对半空间横波速度的评价能力。最后,应用本文方法实现了对实测勒夫波数据的分析。 相似文献
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v_p/v_s ESTIMATION IN TIBETAN CRUST FROM INVERSION OF SURFACE WAVE DISPERSIONS 相似文献
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Rayleigh面波各阶模式频散曲线对横波速度和层厚的敏感性探讨 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Rayleigh面波勘探的目的在于有效利用频散曲线反演地层厚度及横波速度,而不同模式的频散曲线对横波速度和层厚的敏感性不同。通过求取介质参数变化10%后与参数不变化时的二组频散曲线的差值,得到各阶模式的频率～相速度差曲线,分析了Rayleigh面波各模式频散曲线对横波速度、层厚的敏感性。试验结果表明,基阶模式对于浅层的横波速度和层厚比较敏感,敏感区域主要集中在较窄的频带范围内。而高阶模式对于相对较深层的横波速度和层厚比较敏感,且频率范围分布较大,敏感性强的频段分布比较分散。研究结果可以为Rayleigh面波多模式联合反演提供理论依据。 相似文献
4.
反演瑞雷波频散曲线能有效地获取横波速度和地层厚度,传统的多模式瑞雷波频散曲线反演需要正确的模式判别.然而,当地层中含有低速软弱夹层或高速硬夹层等复杂结构时,瑞雷波可能会出现"模式接吻"和"模式跳跃"等现象,这些现象极易造成模式误判,进而导致错误的反演结果;同时,传统的频散曲线反演方法需要进行求根运算,进而导致现有的瑞雷波非线性反演速度慢,运算时间长.鉴于此,对传统的Haskell-Thomson频散曲线正演模拟算法进行了改进,提出了一种新颖有效的目标函数.该目标函数直接利用实测频散曲线与迭代更新模型频散函数表面形状进行最佳拟合,无需将多模式频散数据归于特定的模式,可有效避免多模式瑞雷波频散曲线反演模式误识别;同时,该目标函数不需要求根运算,进而大大加快了非线性反演速度.基于粒子群优化算法,利用实际工作中经常遇到的3种典型理论地质模型和某一高速公路路基实测资料进行了理论模型试算和实例分析,检验了本文提出的瑞雷波多模式频散曲线反演新方法的有效性和实用性. 相似文献
5.
通过瑞雷波频散曲线反演,可以建立近地表横波速度模型。瑞雷波频散曲线具有多个模态,一般情况下,基阶模态是具有最大能量的模态。目前对瑞雷波频散曲线的反演大多数是基于基阶模态,对于高阶模态的反演比较少。通过对基阶和高阶瑞雷波频散曲线反演对比分析,认为高阶模态和基阶模态频散曲线反演有比较好的一致性趋势,相对而言高阶模态频散曲线反演的横波速度比基阶要高;高阶和基阶模态能量加权反演,不仅保留了频散曲线基阶模态能量强,勘探深度深的特点,而且对浅层低速层也具有更好的响应,可有效提高反演的精度。 相似文献
6.
Radial anisotropy in the crust and upper mantle beneath the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and surrounding regions 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Relative SV and SH wave speeds are generally attributed to radial seismic anisotropy which can be used as the indicator of crust/mantle deformation styles. Surface wave data were initially collected from events of magnitude Ms 5.0 and shallow or moderate focal depth occurring between 1980 and 2002: 713 of them generated Rayleigh waves and 660 Love waves, which were recorded by 13 broadband digital stations in Eurasia and India. Up to 1525 source-station Rayleigh waveforms and 1464 Love wave trains were earlier analysed by multiple filtering to obtain Love- and Rayleigh wave group velocity curves in the broad period range 10–105 s. We have performed tomographic inversion to obtain period-dependent group velocity and further shear wave velocity at 2° × 2°-sized grid-cells of a mesh covering the model region, after averaging azimuthal effects. Horizontally and vertically varying shear-wave velocities are observed, but the models of isotropic seismic velocity in the crust and upper mantle cannot fit simultaneously the inverted group-velocity dispersion curves due to the discrepancy in the transmission velocities of Love and Rayleigh waves, whose likely origin is the existence of radial anisotropy in the continental crust and topmost mantle. The strength of radial anisotropy computed from the Love–Rayleigh discrepancy and its spatial extent beneath the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are shown as maps of percentage anisotropy at various depths down to 170 km and cross-sections along five profiles of reference. Areas in which radial anisotropy is in excess of 6% are found in the crust and upper mantle underlying most of the plateau, and even up to 10% in some places. The strength and spatial configuration of radial anisotropy seem to indicate the existence of a regime of horizontal compressive forces in the frame of the convergent Himalayan–Tibetan orogen, the laterally variation of the lithospheric rheology and the differential movement as regards the compressive driving forces. 相似文献
7.
The dispersive characteristics of Rayleigh type surface waves were utilized to estimate shear wave velocity (Vs) profile followed by imaging the shallow subsurface granitic layers in the heart of Hyderabad. The reliability of Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) depends on the accurate determination of phase velocities for horizontally traveling fundamental mode Rayleigh waves. Multichannel recording leads to effective identification and isolation of various factors of noise. Calculating the 1-D shear wave velocity (Vs) field from surface waves ensures high degree of accuracy irrespective of cultural noise. The main advantage of mapping the bed rock surface with shear wave velocity (Vs) is the insensitivity of MASW to velocity inversion besides being free from many constraints such as contrast in physical properties etc. Modeling of surface waves data results a shear wave velocity (Vs) of 250?C750 m/s covering the top soil to weathering and up to bedrock corresponding to a depth range of 10?C30 m. Further, the computed N values (which is an indicator of site characteristic) based on the harmonic shear wave velocity up to a depth of 5 m is found to be quite high (> 25?C30) well above 5 indicating the site to be safe and strong enough and not prone to liquefaction. A pair of selected set of results over granites are presented here as a case study highlighting the salient features of MASW. 相似文献
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矿井槽波地震勘探数据中,含有多种类型地震波,包括线性极化的纵波、横波、勒夫型槽波和椭圆极化的瑞利型槽波。由于槽波频散现象严重,不同类型槽波互相重叠,在地震记录上难以区分,合理地进行波场分离是槽波数据处理的重要环节。根据不同类型槽波振动极化特征,提出基于S变换的时频域自适应协方差矩阵极化滤波方法;在时频域中,针对槽波水平双分量信号建立自适应协方差矩阵;利用矩阵对应特征值和特征向量,计算椭圆率和方位角参数来描述槽波极化振动特征;依据极化参数建立极化滤波函数,对槽波地震信号进行波场分离。经过理论合成信号和实际数据测试表明,该方法可以有效地从槽波地震记录中提取出勒夫型槽波,避免其它类型地震波在槽波数据处理过程中产生的干扰,为槽波地震勘探数据处理提供新的技术手段。 相似文献
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We apply ambient noise tomography to continuous three-component broadband seismic data between January 1,2008 and December 31,2008 from the regional networks of 76 stations de-ployed by China Earthquake Administration.Ambient noise cross-correlations were performed to produce the Green's functions of each station-pair.Within the period from 6 to 50 s,Rayleigh and Love wave dispersion curves were measured using the multiple filter analysis method.Then three-dimensional(3-D) S-wave velocity structures from th... 相似文献
12.
微动-谱比探测方法的联合应用可以克服传统物探方法在山区、植被茂密地区或地质情况复杂地区勘探效果不佳的缺陷,微动-谱比探测法具有地形适应能力强、施工快捷安全并具备一定抗干扰能力的优点,成为山区物探技术的重要补充手段。文章选择东南沿海某构造发育地区开展微动-谱比法的试验工作,布置微动测线2条,谱比法测线1条,分别拾取频散曲线和计算H/V谱曲线,获得横波速度剖面和微动-谱比法联合反演剖面。通过与试验区地质资料和大功率电法资料对比,证实微动谱比法技术在山区浅层(0～120 m)具备一定的勘查效果,尤其对构造、侵入岩体反应灵敏,可区分大套地层,所得横波速度信息可直接为工程建设提供弹性参数,为在山区复杂地形地质条件下确定构造、侵入岩体和地层分布情况提供了快速准确的解决方案。 相似文献
13.
Faisal Rehman Sherif M. El-Hady Ali H. Atef Hussein M. Harbi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(8):519
The present study deals with the seismic site classification of Bahrah area, Wadi Fatima, to characterize the local site conditions. The dynamic behavior of sediments was studied by the application of surface wave inversion. The multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) shallow geophysical technique was utilized for site classification. MASW survey was carried out at 66 sites along with 13 seismic refraction profiles at suitable localities. MASW and seismic refraction profiles were processed and compared with the available borehole data. The integration of MASW techniques with seismic refraction and borehole data progressively enhanced the subsurface visualization and reliability of the shear wave velocity estimation in the subsurface in the study area. The subsurface shear-wave velocity model was achieved by the solution of an inverse problem-based dispersion of surface waves and propagation in a vertically heterogeneous medium. The 2D genetic algorithm was employed for the inversion of dispersion curves to obtain velocity and thickness of subsurface layers. The depth to engineering bedrock and velocity of shear waves in the first 30 m was deciphered and mapped. The depth of bedrock in study area varies from 4 to 30 m, and V S 30 ranges from 320 to 800 m/s. The most of study area falls in B and C class categories in addition to few sites of D class according to the NEHRP guidelines. 相似文献
14.
The best method to evaluate the seismic site response is by means of borehole vertical arrays that use earthquake records from different depths. In this paper we introduce the implementation of a single borehole sensor system (synchronized to a sensor on the surface) that is fixed at variable depths within a single well. This system is used for recording small amplitude earthquake signals at variable stiffness conditions in depth to compute empirical borehole transfer functions. The computed average empirical borehole transfer functions allow the estimation of an S-wave velocity model that is constrained using the frequency peak observed in the H/V ratio curve.Pairs of surface and borehole earthquake records were obtained with the borehole sensor placed at − 10, −20, −50, and − 100 m depth in a test site in Managua, Nicaragua. The average velocity of the final model down to − 100 m appeared to be in good agreement with the average velocity computed via cross-correlation using the surface and borehole signals. Likewise, an inverted MASW profile and H/V ratio at the same site agree with the S-wave velocity model obtained. 相似文献
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交通荷载作用下地基中Love波的传播特性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Love波的传播特性对动力响应和工程勘探都具有重要意义。运用解析法建立了交通荷载作用下双层地基中Love波的特征方程和位移表达式,并对方程进行了求解,得到了不同交通荷载情况下地基中Love波的弥散特性和位移分布情况。结果表明,交通荷载作用下Love表面波的传播速度不仅与土层的剪切波速度有关,而且与土层的压缩波速度有关。 相似文献
17.
青藏高原东部基于噪声的面波群速度分布特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过收集青海、甘肃、四川三省的76个地震台记录的2008年1—12月三分量的连续噪声数据,利用噪声面波层析成像的方法获得了青藏高原东部的面波群速度分布特征。首先采用多重滤波方法提取了1 000多条台站对5～50 s的三分量面波群速度频散曲线,然后将研究区域划分为0.2°×0.2°的网格,利用O ccam方法反演了瑞利波(R-R)和勒夫波(T-T)的群速度分布。反演得到的群速度分布特征与地表地质和构造特征表现出较好的相关性,清晰地揭示了地壳内部的横向速度变化。层析成像的结果显示在短周期(8～20 s)内,拥有较厚的沉积层的四川盆地表现为明显的低速特征,而青藏高原东部则表现为较高的群速度分布特征;随着周期的增加(>20 s),群速度的分布特征呈现出与短周期相反的特性,青藏高原东部下方的速度远远低于四川盆地,这可能与青藏高原东部中、下地壳低速层相关联,同时也意味着研究区域的地壳结构具有明显的横向不均匀性。在群速度分布图上,龙门山不仅是四川盆地与青藏高原的地形和构造分界带,同时也对应着高群速度与低群速度的过渡带。 相似文献
18.
In this study, we present the lithospheric structure of the south-eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula by means of a set
of 2D images of shear velocity, for depths ranging from 0 to 50 km. This goal will be attained by means of the inversion of
the Rayleigh wave dispersion. For it, the traces of 25 earthquakes occurred on the neighbouring of the study area, from 2001
to 2003, will be considered. These earthquakes have been registered by 11 broadband stations located on Iberia. All seismic
events have been grouped in source zones to get an average dispersion curve for each source-station path. The dispersion curves
have been measured for periods between 2 and 45 s, by combination of two digital filtering techniques: Multiple Filter Technique
and Time Variable Filtering. The resulting set of source-station averaged dispersion curves has been inverted according to
the generalized inversion theory, to get S-wave velocity models for each source-station path. Later, these models have been
interpolated using the method of kriging, to obtain a 2D mapping of the S-wave velocity structure for the south-eastern part
of Iberia. The results presented in this paper show that the techniques used here are a powerful tool to investigate the crust
and upper mantle structure, through the dispersion analysis and its inversion to obtain shear velocity distributions with
depth. By means of this analysis, principal structural features of the south-eastern part of Iberia, such as the existence
of lateral and vertical heterogeneity in the whole study area, or the location of the Moho discontinuity at 30 km of depth
(with an average S-velocity of uppermost mantle of 4.7 km/s), have been revealed. Other important structural features revealed
by this analysis have been that the uppermost of Iberian massif shows higher velocity values than the uppermost of the Alpine
domain, indicating that the massif is old and tectonically stable. The average velocity of the crust in Betic cordillera is
of 3.5 km/s, while in the Iberian massif is 3.7 km/s. All these features are in agreement with the geology and other previous
geophysical studies. 相似文献
19.
多道面波分析技术在近地表勘探领域有着广泛应用,准确的提取频散曲线成为面波勘探成像的关键。文章介绍了一种新的地震背景噪声互相关面波频散成像方法——拓距相移法。该方法在传统相移法的基础上,利用阵内相移对小孔径范围的面波中高频信号进行提取,并利用阵外相移对大孔径范围的面波中低频信号进行提取,然后将两部分频散曲线融合从而得到更宽频带的面波频散曲线用于地下速度结构的反演。该方法在保证对近地表结构进行较高分辨率成像的同时,大大增加对深部结构的有效约束。2019年9月到10月期间,作者在湖南沃溪布设了8条密集测线,进行了1个月的地震背景噪声数据采集,并利用上述拓距相移法提取了0.1~2 s的瑞利面波宽频带相速度频散曲线。通过初步反演其中3条测线的背景噪声数据,获得了该矿区深度2.5 km以浅的地震横波速度结构。经与已知地质资料比对,160测线的地震横波速度反演结果与断层、岩性分界面及矿脉有着较好的对应关系,表明获得的沃溪矿区地震横波速度结构较好地反映了控矿构造、岩性分界以及矿体的分布位置等信息,为该区中—深部找矿提供了重要依据。该研究利用实际数据检验了拓距相移法的有效性,为今后深部找矿提供了一个有效的高精度成像方法。 相似文献
20.
Jianghai Xia Richard D Millerg Xu Yixian Luo Yinhe Chen Chao Liu Jiangping Julian Ivanov Chong Zeng 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2009,20(3)
High-frequency (≥2 Hz) Rayleigh-wave data acquired with a multichannei recording sys-tem have been utilized to determine shear (S)-wave velocities in near-surface geophysics since the early 1980s. This overview article discusses the main research results of high-frequency surface-wave tech-niques achieved by research groups at the Kansas Geological Survey and China University of Geosciences in the last 15 years. The multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) method is a nou-iuvasive acoustic approach to estimate near-surface S-wave velocity. The differences between MASW results and direct borehole measurements are approximately 15% or less and random. Studies show that simultaneous inversion with higher modes and the fundamental mode can increase model resolution and an investigation depth. The other important seismic property, quality factor (Q), can also be estimated with the MASW method by inverting attenuation coefficients of Rayleigh waves. An inverted model (S-wave velocity or Q) obtained using a damped least-squares method can be assessed by an optimal damping vector in a vicinity of the inverted model determined by an objective function, which is the trace of a weighted sum of model-resolution and model-covariance matrices. Current developments include modeling high-frequency Rayleigh-waves in near-surface media, which builds a foundation for shallow seismic or Rayleigh-wave inversion in the time-offset domain; imaging dispersive energy with high resolution in the frequency-velocity domain and possibly with data in an arbitrary acquisition geometry, which opens a door for 3D surface-wave techniques; and successfully separating surface-wave modes, which provides a valuable tool to perform S-wave velocity profiling with high-horizontal resolution. 相似文献