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地电阻率多极距观测的目的是借助对观测数据的反演获得地下介质中不同层位真电阻率的变化.本文以3层结构为例,对地电阻率多极距观测的一维反演的效果进行了初步地理论研究.首先研究了一维地电阻率结构下观测数据一维反演的模拟效果,得到了各层电阻率值,且与真电阻率值很接近,说明在地下电性结构为一维的情况下,电阻率多极距观测可以区分出不同地层的电阻率变化.其次,考虑到台址下电阻率结构的复杂性,研究了上两层界面存在起伏的情况下,多极距观测数据一维反演的效果,结果显示:当电阻率变化较小时,各层反演得到的电阻率的变化与真电阻率十分符合;当上两层介质的电阻率变化较大时,各层反演得到的电阻率出现畸变,与真实电阻率的变化情况存在一定差别,表明浅层电阻率变化达到一定程度后将会影响对深部电阻率变化情况的正确判断.一般情况下,观测的时间间隔越短,则连续两次观测时段内各层介质的电阻率变化越小,因此缩短多极距观测的时间间隔可能是避免出现上述畸变现象的有效观测手段. 相似文献
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将电阻率层析技术应用于地震监测,由视电阻率值重建出介质的真电阻率图像,取得了较好效果.在宝坻台和昌黎台设立的两个试验点上于1998年4月14日ML5.0和ML4.4唐山两次地震前的6天左右层析图像出现了明显的异常变化:宝坻台的电阻率图像一改通常的在平稳背景上叠加小量随机变化的特点,出现了一种有序性特征的新图样;昌黎台也出现了反差加大、高低阻区集中分布的有序性特征.上述异常图样均在震后消失.层析图像在震前出现的熵值降低可能是这次地震活动的前兆.地层导电结构和孔隙度的变化,是引起电阻率异常的直接原因.研究表明,常规的单一极距的视电阻率测量之所以对真电阻率的变化不敏感且丧失空间分辨能力,是由于该物理量同时具有积分值和位函数这两个固有特征所决定的.在地震监测中,改造现行观测系统,引入层析成像,是发展技术的方向. 相似文献
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微量元素在尖晶石相和石榴石相橄榄岩中的分布 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
根据我国东部两个尖晶石相和石榴石相橄榄岩全岩及主要造岩矿物的微量元素组成,探讨了微量元素在不同深度上地慢的分布特征．得到的数据支持大部分强不相容元素（Ｒｂ,Ｂａ,Ｔｈ,Ｕ,Ｓｒ,Ｎｂ,Ｔａ）主要存在于粒间组分和流体包裹体中的观点;流体包裹体对橄榄石和斜方辉石的ＬＩＬＥ组成影响很大,以致不能用固相矿物之间的分配系数来推导ＬＩＬＥ的矿物／熔体分配系数．尖晶石相和石榴石相橄榄岩中的（Ｏｐｘ／Ｃｐｘ）_ＨＲＥＥ有很大的差别,暗示Ｐ－Ｔ条件对平衡分配系数的控制． 相似文献
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目前我国地电阻率观测台站受地铁、 轻轨等干扰的情况越来越多, 严重影响地电阻率观测数据质量. 地电阻率交流观测方法被认为是一种可以解决此类干扰问题的有效方法. 本文首先介绍该观测方法的理论基础; 然后采用数值模拟方法对实际观测过程进行模拟, 给出在不同参数条件下, 分别采用数字滤波器法、 频谱分析法和相关检测法进行信号检测所得到的相对误差和相对均方差结果; 最后, 通过对3种信号检测方法进行比较和分析, 给出频谱分析法在地电阻率交流观测中可以作为最佳信号检测方法的建议, 为地电阻率交流观测系统的研制提供理论参考. 相似文献
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从瞬变电磁响应中提取IP信息的研究(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在对浙江省某铜矿进行瞬变电磁勘查时,由于感应激发极化效应的影响,造成瞬变电磁晚期测道的数据发生倒转。采用常规的瞬变电磁数据处理方法难以处理,造成晚期测道数据不可用,影响TEM的探测深度及精度。针对这个情况,采用Cole.Cole模型分析了均匀半空问模型中直流电阻率、充电率、时间常数以及频率相关系数对磁性源瞬变电磁响应的影响规律。利用奇异值分解法(The Singular Value Decomposition,简称SVD)对实测TEM数据进行分析及反演,并且从瞬变电磁响应数据中分离出勘探区瞬变电磁测量数据Cole—Cole模型的各参数,将分离出来的参数用于探测结果的辅助解释。经过分析得出充电率和频率相关系数对瞬变电磁响应的影响较大,而直流电阻率和时间常数对其影响较小的结论。通过常规方法和奇异值分解法对实测数据分别进行处理,发现后者视电阻率断面图的异常更加突出,从而较准确的圈定了铜矿体地范围,此结论得到_『钻孔的验证,与实际地质情况吻合较好。 相似文献
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本文是在20多个油气藏上作激发极化法找油气的试验结果。在华北的第三系油田,四川的中生界油气田,新疆的中生、古生界大逆掩断层带油田,以及华东的第三系油田上试验,普遍得到好的效果。各地区的充电率、电阻率及金属因数等参数的反应特点有差异,异常明显程度受盖层影响很大。该方法可以探测到埋深不小于3000m的油气藏,并在许多油气藏发现了具有共同特征的典型异常模式:它在浅部中心部位表现为高阻,高极化;两侧为低阻,低极化;深部表现为低阻,高极化;深浅两带之间为过渡带,异常无固定的特征。此模式可用以分辨油气藏异常,选择合适工作极距,以及研究引起异常的机制等。 相似文献
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《Geofísica Internacional》2014,53(2):199-210
Geophysical methods are widely used in mineral exploration. This paper discusses the results of geological and geophysical studies in supergene manganese deposits of southern Brazil. Mineralized zones as described in geological surveys were characterized as of low resistivity (20Ω.m) and high chargeability (30ms), pattern found also in oxides and sulfite mineral deposits. Pseudo-3D modeling of geophysical data allowed mapping at several depths. A relationship between high chargeability and low resistivity may define a pattern for high grade gonditic manganese ore. Large areas of high chargeability and high resistivity may result in accumulation of manganese and iron hydroxides, due to weathering of the gonditic ore, dissolution, percolation and precipitation. 相似文献
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Summary Laboratory induced polarization (IP) or overvoltage measurements over a spherical body at different depths is discussed. Some nomograms are also designed to calculate rapidly induced polarization parameters such as frequency effect, polarization factor and chargeability in the field or laboratory. 相似文献
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Inversion of 2D spectral induced polarization imaging data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Laboratory measurements of various materials suggest that more information can be obtained by measuring the in‐phase and out‐of‐phase potentials at a number of frequencies. One common model used to describe the variation of the electrical properties with frequency is the Cole‐Cole model. Apart from the DC resistivity (ρ) and chargeability (m) parameters used in conventional induced‐polarization (IP) surveys, the Cole‐Cole model has two additional parameters, i.e. the time (τ) and relaxation (c) constants. Much research has been conducted on the use of the additional Cole‐Cole parameters to distinguish between different IP sources. Here, we propose a modified inversion method to recover the Cole‐Cole parameters from a 2D spectral IP (SIP) survey. In this method, an approximate inversion method is initially used to construct a non‐homogeneous starting model for the resistivity and chargeability values. The 2D model consists of a number of rectangular cells with constant resistivity (ρ), chargeability (m), time (τ) and relaxation (c) constant values in each cell. A regularized least‐squares optimization method is then used to recover the time and relaxation constant parameters as well as to refine the chargeability values in the 2D model. We present results from tests carried out with the proposed method for a synthetic data set as well as from a laboratory tank experiment. 相似文献
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D. VOGELSANG 《Geophysical Prospecting》1981,29(2):288-297
Six thousand three hundred IP measurements made in central and southern Germany have been statistically evaluated. Shapes of IP decay curves obtained in the course of routine prospecting for sulfides were characterized in the following way: three chargeabilities were recorded during the 2 s current-off time. By dividing the last by the first chargeability an “IP decay coefficient’ was calculated and statistically evaluated by means of histograms. When the histograms were compared with the statistics of apparent resistivity and chargeability, no relationship could be detected. Therefore, the histograms of M3/M1 values represent a characteristic property of distinct areas with certain geological features, mineral assemblage and tectonics. Weathering does not alter this geophysical “fingerprint”, which depends solely on geology. 相似文献
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D. PATELLA 《Geophysical Prospecting》1972,20(3):561-579
In this paper it is shown how one may obtain a generalized Ohm's law which relates the induced polarization electric field to the steady-state current density through the introduction of a fictitious resistivity defined as the product of the chargeability and the resistivity of a given medium. The potential generated by the induced polarization is calculated at any point in a layered earth by the same procedure as used for calculating the potential due to a point source of direct current. On the basis of the definition of the apparent chargeability ma, the expressions of ma for different stratigraphie situations are obtained, provided the IP measurements are carried out on surface with an appropriate AMNB array. These expressions may be used to plot master curves for IP vertical soundings. Finally some field experiments over sedimentary formations and the quantitative interpretation procedure are reported. 相似文献
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The hydraulic properties of lake beds control the interactions between lakes and ground water systems, but these properties are normally difficult to measure directly. The authors'method combines seismic reflection and electrical measurements to map the relative hydraulic conductivity of lake bed sediments. A shipboard seismic profiling system provides sediment thickness, while a towed electrical array yields longitudinal conductance and electrical chargeability. The sediment's leakance (hydraulic conductivity/thickness) can be calculated from the longitudinal conductance data. Leakance may then be converted to relative hydraulic conductivity through the seismically derived sediment thicknesses. Simultaneously acquired electrical chargeability provides an independent measure of clay content. The seismic and electrical systems are computer automated and yield production rates of approximately five line-kilometers/hour or 300 electrical soundings/hour. The systems provide continuous hydraulic information along the ship track rather than the point information derived from coring.
The procedure and systems have been used to map the bed of Lake Michigan offshore from an area of heavy pumpage. This location has been chosen to test the method because lake water has intruded the aquifer in plumes largely controlled by lake bed hydraulics. Mapping these plumes onshore permits the inference of the spatial distribution of offshore hydraulic conductivities. Offshore seepage measurements and numerical, chemical transport modeling of this site have confirmed the reliability of the geophysically derived hydraulic conductivities and have also demonstrated the improvement in numerical results achieved through the availability of spatially determined hydraulic conductivities. 相似文献
The procedure and systems have been used to map the bed of Lake Michigan offshore from an area of heavy pumpage. This location has been chosen to test the method because lake water has intruded the aquifer in plumes largely controlled by lake bed hydraulics. Mapping these plumes onshore permits the inference of the spatial distribution of offshore hydraulic conductivities. Offshore seepage measurements and numerical, chemical transport modeling of this site have confirmed the reliability of the geophysically derived hydraulic conductivities and have also demonstrated the improvement in numerical results achieved through the availability of spatially determined hydraulic conductivities. 相似文献
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Time domain electromagnetic‐induced polarisation: extracting more induced polarisation information from grounded source time domain electromagnetic data 
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下载免费PDF全文 Electrical induced polarisation surveys are used to detect chargeable materials in the earth. For interpretation of time domain electrical‐induced polarisation data a common procedure is to first invert the direct current data (electric current on time) to recover conductivity and then invert the induced polarisation data (current off‐time) to recover chargeability. This direct current‐induced polarisation inversion procedure assumes that the off time data are free of secondary electromagnetic induction effects. To comply with this, early time data are often discarded or not recorded. For mid‐time data, an electromagnetic decoupling technique, which removes electromagnetic induction in the observations, needs to be implemented. Usually, responses from a half‐space or a layered earth are subtracted. Recent capability in three‐dimensional time domain electromagnetic forward modelling and inversion allows to revisit these procedures. In a Time domain electromagnetic‐induced polarisation survey, a high sampling rate allows early time channels of the electromagnetic data to be recorded. The recovery of chargeability then follows a three‐step workflow: (i) invert early time channel time domain electromagnetic data to recover the three‐dimensional conductivity; (ii) use that conductivity to compute the time domain electromagnetic response at later time channels and subtract this fundamental response from the observations to extract the induced polarisation responses, and (iii) invert the induced polarisation responses to recover a three‐dimensional chargeability. This workflow effectively removes electromagnetic induction effects in the observations and produces better chargeability and conductivity models compared with conventional approaches. In a synthetic example involving a gradient array, we show that the conductivity structure obtained from the early time channel data, which are usually discarded, is superior to that obtained from the steady state direct current voltages. This adds a further reason to collect these electromagnetic data. 相似文献
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It is advantageous to postulate the phenomenological equivalence of chargeability with a slight increase in resistivities rather than a similar reduction in the conductivities. Substitution of these increments in the expression for the total differential of apparent resistivity leads directly to Seigel's formula. Included also are (i) an equally simple demonstration that, for a homogeneously chargeable ground with arbitrary resistivity distribution, the apparent chargeability ma, equals the true homogeneous value m, and (ii) a direct derivation of the completely general resistivity relation where the symbols have the usual meanings. 相似文献