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Ahmad Masri 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(13):288
Four recently discovered glacio-fluvial paleovalleys in southeast Jordan and northwest Saudi Arabia are described for the first time. The paleovalleys formed as a result of glacial erosion by series of sub-parallel valley glaciers during the Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) southern hemisphere glaciation on the Arabian Plate. The southwest-northeast orientation of the paleovalleys, Proterozoic erratic clasts and paleocurrent vectors indicate the advance of glaciers and subsequent glacio-fluvial siliciclastics emanating from a paleo-ice sheet located to the south on the Arabian Shield. U-shaped, paleovalley cross-sectional morphologies and gently inclined longitudinal profiles indicate initial glacial erosion of the ‘finger-like’ paleovalleys, probably as wet-based valley glaciers, eroded up to 250 m depth into Late Ordovician marine bedrock formations. Paleovalley-fill sequences comprise a tripartite upwards succession: (a) basal sandstone-dominated tillite with well-rounded, grooved and striated granitoid and metamorphic basement clasts derived from the Proterozoic Arabian Shield together with locally derived, rounded and elongate boulders eroded from the local bedrock at the margins of the paleovalleys (Retrogradational Lowstand Sequence); (b) green chloritic siltstone (Zarqa Formation) deposited during a progradational sea-level rise with marine influence (Transgressive Sequence); (c) coarse-grained, trough cross-bedded sandstone (Sarah Formation) attributed to progradational fluvial sedimentation as glacial outwash. Rapid sea-level rise during latest Hirnantian to Early Llandovery time resulted in marine flooding of the glacio-fluvial alluvial plain and deposition of organic-rich mudstones representing transgressive and high-stand sequences. 相似文献
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《Sedimentology》2018,65(3):851-876
The Sarah Formation is a glaciogenic sedimentary unit deposited along the Gondwana margin during the latest Ordovician ice age and represents a major hydrocarbon reservoir in northern Saudi Arabia. Large‐scale glacial palaeo‐valleys cut into the Qasim Formation and were infilled by the Sarah Formation. Post‐glacial transgression in the earliest Silurian resulted in the deposition of the Qusaiba Shale Member and associated organic‐rich basal source rocks, which cap the Sarah Formation infilled palaeo‐valleys. This unique setting makes the Sarah Formation an important emerging exploration target in Saudi Arabia. This study focuses on the facies and depositional architecture in seismic‐scale outcrops of the Sarah Formation in north‐western Saudi Arabia. The Rahal Dhab palaeo‐valley provides a 100 km long dip‐oriented cross‐section which has been covered by 24 vertical sections, sedimentary architectural analyses at metre to kilometre scale and by three cored shallow boreholes. In the Rahal Dhab palaeo‐valley, the Sarah Formation was deposited in a proglacial setting that ranged from marginal marine to offshore prodelta and is made up of three units: (i) the Sarah Sandstone; (ii) the Sarah Shale; and (iii) the Uqlah Member. This study shows the relationships between these three units and architectural controls on reservoir quality in this system. This paper contributes to the regional understanding of the Sarah Formation, and the new depositional model of the Rahal Dhab palaeo‐valley provides an outcrop‐reservoir analogue for hydrocarbon exploration in adjacent areas. 相似文献
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Abdulaziz Abdullah Laboun 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(4):971-984
The Paleozoic succession of the Greater Arabian basin is severely affected by series of major tectonic and climatic events which have caused major stratigraphic breaks and pronounce facies change. The major tectonic movements have resulted in dividing the succession into pronounced megatectonic and depositional cycles. In more tectonically active areas, the succession is less preserved and boundaries between the cycles are more complicated due to longer periods of erosion by later movements and/or nondeposition. Minor stratigraphic breaks within the megacycles subdivide the cycles into smaller subcycles. Following the stabilization of the Arabian–Nubian shield, the Gondwana shelf went through a gentle uplift and tilt probably related to the Assyniyc tectonic movements and thick siliciclastics of the Saq and Qasim Formations were deposited. During Late Caradocian and following the deposition of the Qasim Formation, the area went through a gentle uplift and tilt probably related to the Taconic tectonic movements. Thick succession of the Qasim and Saq Formations were eroded and deep paleovalleys incised in the two formations and underlying basement. The movements were followed by drop of sea level due to glaciation events. Glacial and periglacial deposits of the Zarqa and/or Sarah Formations filled paleovalleys and rest on older units from Ordovician to Precambrian. The third main event occurred during Late Silurian where the preexisting successions, mainly on paleohighs, were affected by tectonic movements synchronous with the Acadian tectonic phase of the Caledonian tectonic movements. The Early Devonian Tawil Formation unconformably rests on eroded Silurian and Late Ordovician deposits of the Sharawra, Qusayba (Qusaiba), and Sarah Formations in the Qusayba Depression in central Arabia. The forth main event is a regional movement contemporaneous with the Hercynian tectonic movement which has reached its maximum phase in the Late Carboniferous. Earlier successions from Carboniferous to Precambrian were affected and the Permo-Carboniferous Shajra Formation unconformably rests on all underlying Paleozoic rock units toward the central Arabia arch and other paleohighs. The Shajra rests on the Devonian Jawbah (Jubah), Jawf (Jauf) and Tawil formations, the Silurian Sharawra, Qusayba, and Uqlah formations, the Ordovician Zarqa/Sarah, and Qasim formations, the Cambro-Ordovician Saq Formation, and finally rests on Precambrian Basement complex in Central Arabia. The tectonic movements played important role in shaping the structural framework of Arabia. The Paleozoic succession included source, reservoir, and seal rocks. Oil and gas have been discovered in sandstone and limestone reservoirs in these rocks in several oilfields in the basin. 相似文献
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沙特鲁卜哈里盆地Unayzah组是中东地区重要的含油气层位,野外地质调查研究和钻井地质研究的结果表明,Unayzah组的沉积环境是在干旱条件下沉积的风成沙丘、干盐湖、季节性辫状河流以及风化壳。由于Unayzah组砂岩中石英含量比较高,岩石类型主要为石英砂岩,成岩作用较为简单,成岩作用对储层的改造和影响比较小。储集空间类型主要为粒间孔隙。Unayzah组是鲁卜哈里盆地油气勘探的主要目的层。 相似文献
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Hassan Eltom Mohammed Makkawi Osman Abdullatif Khalid Alramadan 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(11):4323-4335
Subsurface models of hydrocarbon reservoirs are coarse and of low resolution when compared with the actual geologic characteristics. Therefore, the understanding of the three-dimensional architecture of reservoir units is often incomplete. Outcrop analogues are commonly used to understand the spatial continuity of reservoir units. In this study, a Late Jurassic outcrop analogue for the Arab-D reservoir of central Saudi Arabia was used to build a high-resolution model that captures fine geologic details. Subsurface reservoir lithofacies were matched with those from the studied outcrop, and porosity values derived from published core and well log data from the Ain Dar, Uthmanyah, and Shudgum areas of the Ghawar Field, eastern Saudi Arabia, were then applied to the equivalent lithofacies in the outcrop. Maximum, minimum, and average subsurface porosity for each lithofacies were distributed in the facies model using a geostatistical algorithm to produce nine porosity models for the field data. Several realisations were run to visualise the variability in each model and to quantitatively measure the uncertainty associated with the models. The results indicated that potential reservoir zones were associated with grainstone, packstone, and some wackestone layers. Semivariogram analysis of the lithofacies showed good continuity in the N-S direction and less continuity in the E-W direction. The high-resolution lithofacies models detected permeability barriers and isolated low porosity bodies within the potential reservoir zones. This model revealed the porosity distribution in areas smaller than one cell in the subsurface model and highlighted the uncertainty associated with several aspects of the model. 相似文献
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油藏精细地质模型网格粗化算法及其效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在前人研究基础上, 根据DP(Dykstra-Parsons)系数能定量评价储层非均质性, 微网格块的渗透率值粗化后, 其等效渗透率的上、下限(Cmin、Cmax)能反映渗透率的各向异性的特点, 提出了一种运算速度快和相对有效的网格粗化算法。该算法能考虑到储层非均质性对不同方向渗透率值的影响, 且求解过程相对简单。应用该方法对鄂尔多斯盆地中部某油藏的陆相储层的精细地质模型进行了网格粗化计算, 然后在粗化后的模型上进行油藏数值模拟研究, 同时针对研究区地质背景和产出流体微可压缩的物性特征, 首次利用流线模拟器对精细地质模型进行了油藏数值模拟研究, 并以此结果为标准, 对该网格粗化算法时效性进行了系统评价。分析表明, 该算法具有较快的计算速度和较高的可靠性, 是解决储层非均质强、物性差的陆相成因油藏精细油藏数值模拟的一种行之有效的手段。 相似文献
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在相控约束条件下,利用熵权方法,考虑了砂层厚度、有效厚度、砂岩系数、有效厚度系数、分层系数、夹层频数、夹层分布密度、孔隙度、渗透率、渗透率变异系数、突进系数、级差、含油饱和度共13种反映储层非均质性的参数,定量计算储层非均质综合指数。该方法包括确定对象集合、指标因素集合、指标矩阵、归一化指标值、指标权重和计算综合指数等。熵权非均质综合指数算法可将数值有差异的属性参数对非均质指数的贡献进行弱化和强化,即去同存异;熵权非均质综合指数的大小能定量表征储层的非均质性。利用该方法在下寺湾油田柳洛峪区长8储层进行了应用,定量地刻画了储层的平面非均质性,取得了满意的效果。 相似文献
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东营凹陷古近系沙河街组碎屑岩储集层非均质性与油气意义 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
从宏观和微观两方面分析了东营凹陷古近系沙河街组碎屑岩储集层的非均质性特征。沙河街组碎屑岩储集砂体类型多样,通过统计分析宏观物性参数,不同成因类型储集砂体的渗透率和孔隙度分布差别较大,其中河流相、（扇）三角洲前缘水下分流河道及河口坝砂体储集质量最好;不同沉积微相的孔隙度基本上均呈正态分布,其中三角洲河口坝砂体及水下分流河道砂体孔隙度峰值较高。非均质参数表明,（扇）三角洲前缘水下分流河道非均质程度最强。通过对各种微观非均质性参数的综合研究,将储集层孔隙结构分为5种类型,其中大孔较粗喉及大孔中细喉为好的储集层,常见于（扇）三角洲水下分流河道砂体下部和河口砂坝主体的中细砂岩中。非均质性研究的结果与油田试油结果对比吻合较好,表明该项研究对下一步油气勘探与后期注水开发具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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Farouk I. Metwalli John D. Pigott Fatma S. Ramadan Ali A. El-Khadragy Waleed A. Afify 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(4):143
An integrated petrophysical well log and core data analysis of the Alam El Bueib-3D (AEB-3D) and Alam El Bueib-3E (AEB-3E) reservoirs, Tut oil field, North Western Desert, Egypt, allows the evaluation of those parameters critical to their reservoir characterization. The determined reservoir properties investigated are lithology, depositional paleoenvironments, shale volume, porosity, fluid saturation and net pay thickness. As the analysis of reservoir pressure is essential to specify the driving mechanisms that control the behavior of fluids within reservoirs, pressure analysis identified the Alam El Bueib-3D reservoir to be partial water drive and Alam El Bueib-3E to be an active water drive. In addition, the pressure analysis identified two additional hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs in the Alam El Bueib-3D. Stacking patterns of the Alam El Bueib-3D reservoirs are generally fining upward sequences reflecting fluvial to braided fluvial paleoenvironments. The Alam El Bueib-3E channel shows blocky patterns with sharp bases and tops diagnostic of distributary channels. Statistical analysis of core permeability and porosity values of the Alam El Bueib reservoirs indicate very good reservoir quality. Scatter diagrams of porosity values derived from core analysis for the AEB-3D and AEB-3E reservoirs reveal correlation coefficient (r) values of 0.93 and 0.64, respectively, indicating strong linear relationships. Plots of porosity values against permeability values also show strong linear relationships in all the reservoirs indicating that the AEB-3D and the AEB-3E are permeable and with strong pore communication. The permeability measurements indicate restricted reservoir heterogeneity as plots of vertical permeability values against horizontal permeability values exhibit linear trends. Altogether, the reservoir characterization of the Alam El Bueib reservoirs demonstrates their excellent potential for hydrocarbon production. 相似文献
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针对鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田马五段低孔低渗岩溶白云岩储层发育特征,展开对致密岩溶白云岩储层孔隙成因进行研究。通过岩心、薄片观察,结合扫描电镜、CT扫描分析,明确了白云岩储层岩石学类型、孔隙类型及成因。结合测井及地球化学分析,认为表生期孔隙主要为膏溶孔、溶孔及地开石晶间孔隙;白云石含量及结构控制了白云岩晶间孔隙;残留有机质保护了藻云岩残余晶间孔隙。通过岩溶白云岩孔隙成因分析,最后认为:(1)白云石化作用及成因模式是造成岩溶白云岩储层低孔低渗的主要原因,准同生期-浅埋藏期形成的白云石晶粒普遍较为细小,晶粒结构以半自形-它形为主,晶间孔隙为微孔,造成孔隙喉道较窄;泥微晶白云岩与粉-细晶白云岩(储集岩)分布在纵向上具有不均匀性,造成白云岩整体上孔渗较低;(2)岩溶作用增加了白云岩储层的非均质性,裂缝、溶洞及较大扩溶孔被泥质、方解石充填,很大程度上降低了岩溶白云岩储层的孔渗性能,正因为膏质泥微晶白云岩和粉-细晶白云岩为低孔低渗特征,使得地表水携带的泥质不易充填孔隙。 相似文献
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吐哈盆地巴喀气田八道湾组致密砂岩气藏气水分布特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于核磁共振、压汞测试、物性分析、相渗曲线及生产动态等多种资料,对吐哈盆地巴喀气田八道湾组致密砂岩储层的物性特征、孔喉分布、束缚水含量、气柱高度、"甜点"发育的主控因素进行了分析,总结了研究区气水分布特征和气水分布模式。研究结果表明:八道湾组发育典型的致密砂岩储层,其孔隙度总体小于7%,渗透率小于0.2×10-3μm2;喉道半径较小,主喉道半径的分布范围为0.01～1μm;束缚水饱和度较高,且同孔隙度呈负相关关系。研究区气水过渡带的范围约为640 m,研究区储层总体处于气水过渡带之内;处于过渡带不同构造位置处不同物性的储层具有不同的含气特征和气水生产特征,位于气水过渡带较高部位的物性较好的区域和裂缝发育区是"甜点"的主要发育区。 相似文献
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本文综合应用研究区目的层段岩芯样品的各项分析测试资料,对储集砂岩的成岩作用和孔隙结构进行研究,揭示了枣园油田储集砂岩的成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较低;各组分含量变化大是造成储层成岩变化和孔隙结构复杂的因素之一。孔一、二段砂岩经历了压实、胶结、交代、溶解和自生矿物充填等成岩作用。孔一段上部孔隙类型以原生孔隙为主,孔隙和喉道发育、孔渗高,但孔喉分选差;下部原生和次生孔隙并存。孔二段主要是次生孔隙,孔喉细、分选差,孔渗性较孔一段上部差。 相似文献
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综合应用岩心、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、x射线衍射、粒度及压汞曲线等资料,对马岭地区长71储层的岩石学特征、物性特征、孔喉特征和非均质性等进行了研究。结果表明：马岭地区长71储层属于低孔一特低孔、超低渗一特低渗储层,非均质性强;影响储层储集性能的主要因素为沉积环境、骨架颗粒性质及成岩作用。沉积环境是储层物性差的根本原因,后期成岩压实和胶结作用使储层物性变差,溶蚀作用对储层有一定的改造作用。根据储层物性参数及孔隙结构参数,将研究区储层分为4类,马岭地区长71储层以Ⅲ类为主。 相似文献
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致密砂岩储层是油气勘探的重点方向之一,由于致密砂岩储层具有低孔低渗、孔隙结构复杂、非均质性强和岩电参数变化等特点,在测井解释过程中不同于常规储层。Archie公式在致密砂岩地层中使用时,强非均质性导致岩电参数a、b、m和n会随着储层的变化而变化。针对苏里格西区盒8段致密砂岩储层提出利用变岩电参数建立饱和度模型。依据研究区盒8段储层25块岩心岩电实验分析发现胶结系数m与lgϕ呈二次函数关系、m与岩性系数a呈幂函数关系、束缚水饱和度Swb对饱和度指数n有较大的影响。因此,在对孔隙度、束缚水饱和度和孔隙结构指数等因素分析的基础上,综合各因素影响特征建立了变岩电参数的饱和度模型。结果表明,该方法相对传统Archie公式饱和度解释,模型精度更高,为解释复杂孔隙结构砂岩储层提供了一种有效预测方法。 相似文献
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Jarrah Mohammed Ahmed Babiker Mustafa Mohammed Hariri Osman Abdullatif Gabor Korvin 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(6):146
This study evaluates the Late Ordovician glaciofluvial deposits of the Sarah Formation and equivalent outcroppings in north, central, and southwestern Saudi Arabia. The Sarah Formation also covers a wide area in the subsurface and is considered as an important target for unconventional tight gas reservoir. Defining the fracture types, nature, and distribution in outcrop scale might help to establish a successful fracture simulation model and behavior for the Sarah tight gas reservoir in the subsurface. This study investigates fracture characteristics for the Sarah Formation at Sarah paleochannel outcrops. The study revealed three sets of fractures, which have EW, NS, and SE-NW directions, and these fractures vary from open, resistive, and filled to resistive fractures. The closed fractures are filled with ferruginated iron oxides and gypsum. The filled fractures (the thrust boundary) are found in the study area at the SE-NW strike fracture set, while open and resistive fractures are found mainly at S-N and E-W fracture sets, respectively. The syn-depositional filled fractures (iron oxides) are considered as the younger fracture sets while the open and resistive fractures are post-depositional fractures which may have resulted from uplift or tectonic movement. A general model representing the fracture pattern and the thrusting boundaries due to glacial movement was constructed. It has been noticed that the systematic occurrence of filled fractures (thrust boundaries) described the boundaries between different glacial events, which act as a fluid barrier (filled fractures) and decrease the reservoir quality. The finding of this study might be utilized as a guide and lead for exploration in the subsurface Sarah glacial deposits. It will also help to understand and speculate the nature pattern and distribution of fractures with the Sarah Formation. 相似文献
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致密砂岩气藏是我国非常规油气资源的重要组成,其储层非均质性严重影响了致密气成藏和甜点区优选,进而制约了气田高效开发。为进一步揭示储层非均质性成因及对致密气成藏的影响,选取鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田西南部山1段和盒8段致密储层为例,通过岩芯观察、扫描电镜、薄片鉴定、生产和测井分析等技术手段,研究储层非均质特征,探讨沉积作用和微观孔隙演化对非均质性和成藏的影响。结果表明,储层非均质性多表现为层内粒度的垂向韵律性、夹层的不均匀分布、渗透率的平面分布差异等;储层非均质性受沉积作用和成岩作用共同影响,沉积作用控制了水动力条件、砂体展布、厚度和砂体构型,储层微观非均质性受岩矿组构和孔隙演化影响;不同厚度和构型的复合砂体,多样的矿物组分、孔隙结构,致密气的选择性充注,共同造成了苏里格地区致密储层的非均质性及含气性差异。复合砂体的高孔渗部位是致密气开采的甜点区,但是在优选有利区时不应只关注这些厚层的高孔渗砂体,也应关注规模小、非均质性稍强的透镜状砂体,需要充分考虑到储层非均质性对致密气成藏的影响。 相似文献
19.
鄂尔多斯盆地西南部镇泾地区长8油层组致密储层评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
综合鄂尔多斯盆地西南部镇泾地区延长组长8油层组的岩心、薄片、孔渗及压汞测试等资料,在长8储层结构、储层质量发育控制因素研究基础上,对长8低渗致密砂岩储层进行了分类评价。结果表明,长8砂岩储层发育低孔-特低渗储集物性,储层孔隙结构具有细-微孔喉、排驱压力大、分选差的特征,主要可分为3种类型,其中发育Ⅰ型曲线储层孔渗性最好。沉积作用形成的物质基础决定了储层原始孔渗性能,其中分流河道及水下分流河道具最优孔渗性能;成岩作用中,压实作用是储层储集性能破坏的主要因素;溶蚀作用起建设性改善作用。选取孔隙度、渗透率、孔隙排驱压力、中值压力和中值孔喉半径等主要储层参数进行聚类分析,将长8储层划分为3种类型:Ⅰ类为最好储层,Ⅱ类为较好储层,Ⅲ类为相对最差储层。其中,Ⅰ类储层主要分布于分流河道分叉叠置及水下分流河道汇聚叠合部位,储层品质最好,为最有利勘探目标。 相似文献
20.
本文论证了河口坝和水下分流河道砂体的内部构成是产生储层砂体不均一性的根本原因,成岩作用(富铁钙质胶结作用)使沉积不均一性更加复杂化,河口坝砂体和水下分流河道砂体是三角洲前缘的主要组成部分,口坝砂体中沉积事件间的不连续面和沉积构造产生了垂向不均一性,水下分流河道砂体的基本构成单位是河道单元,河道单元被一系列底冲刷面或内冲刷面(第三/第四级界面或第五级界面)区分开,储层岩性相又是河道单元的基本构成单位,在河道单元中,沉积构造、粒度、填隙物和分选性等参数的不均一性变化取决于古水流强度的变化,砂体内部构成和不均一性严格地控制着储层内部高孔隙度、渗透率和流动单元的分布。 相似文献