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1.
The Small Magellanic Cloud is a close, irregular galaxy that has experienced a complex star formation history due to the strong interactions occurred both with the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Galaxy. Despite its importance, the chemical composition of its stellar populations older than ∼ 1–2 Gyr is still poorly investigated. I present the first results of a spectroscopic survey of ∼ 200 Small Magellanic Cloud giant stars performed with FLAMES@VLT. The derived metallicity distribution peaks at [Fe/H] ∼ –0.9/–1.0 dex, with a secondary peak at [Fe/H] ∼ –0.6 dex. All these stars show [α /Fe] abundance ratios that are solar or mildly enhanced (∼+0.1 dex). Also, three metal‐poor stars (with [Fe/H] ∼ –2.5 dex and enhanced [α /Fe] ratios compatible with those of the Galactic Halo) have been detected in the outskirts of the SMC: These giants are the most metal‐poor stars discovered so far in the Magellanic Clouds. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

2.
We present an analysis of BV R c I c observations of the field sized around 4′ × 4′ centered at the host galaxy of the gamma-ray burst GRB021004 with the 6-m BTA telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences. We measured the magnitudes and constructed the color diagrams for 311 galaxies detected in the field (S/N>3). The differential and integral counts of galaxies up to the limit, corresponding to 28.5 (B), 28.0 (V), 27.0 (R c ), 26.5 (I c ) were computed. We compiled the galaxy catalog, consisting of 183 objects, for which the photometric redshifts up to the limiting magnitudes 26.0 (B), 25.5 (V), 25.0 (R c ), 24.5 (I c ) were determined using the HyperZ code. We then examined the radial distribution of galaxies based on the z estimates. We have built the curves expected in the case of a uniform distribution of galaxies in space, and obtained the estimates for the size and contrast of the possible super-large-scale structures, which are accessible with the observations of this type.  相似文献   

3.
In this paper, we derived the empirical relationship between stellar surface brightness parameter (F v) and (V —R c) colour in Cousins system appropriate to dwarf cepheids. Also theoretical counterpart to this relation has been calculated from model atmospheres. The theoretical relation is in reasonable agreement with the empirical relation but reveals small sensitivities to surface gravity and metallicity. Both relations were used to apply the surface brightness method to estimate the radius of four dwarf cepheids of YZ Boo, AD CMi, XX Cyg, and EH Lib which were observed withV andR band in Cousins photometric system by Kim and Joner (1994). We could obtain the reliable result for AD CMi and it was found that, for three other variables, there are large phase shifts between angular diameter variation and radial displacements.  相似文献   

4.
On the basis of observational data for the absolute R and relative R/R amplitudes of variations in radius of galactic classical cepheids (55 stars from Balona and Stobie (1979) and 30 stars from Sollazzoet al. (1981)), four kinds of empirical linear relations are obtained: log(P V)–logR, logP–logR, log(P V)–log(R/R), and logP–log(R/R);P, R, and V are the pulsation periods, the mean stellar radii, and the amplitudes of light variations, respectively. Three groups of stars are considered: short-period cepheids (SPC)-with logP1.1; long-period cepheids (LPC)-with logP>1.1; and s-cepheids (sC). Both the R values and the R/R values increase withP andP V, for a given group of variables. A comparison is performed with our results obtained from data in other sources (Kurochkin, 1966; Gieren, 1982; etc.). The investigated relations can be applied for determining R and R/R of galactic classical cepheids, by using their observedP and V. All studied galactic classical cepheids have R/R<0.35, R<10R for SPC and 10R <R60R for LPC. The sC have smaller R and R/R values than other classical cepheids, at the same periods (the difference is about 2 times for R and 1.4–2.8 times for R/R); the studied sC have R/R in the range 0.025–0.075 and R in the range 1–3R (only Y Oph has R8R ).  相似文献   

5.
The zero points of the period-luminosity relations for the classical cepheids are calibrated based on the HIPPARCOS parallaxes of these stars. The calibrations are used to determine the distance moduli of the LMC and SMC: DM LMC = 18m.569 ± 0m.117 and DM SMC = 19m.070 ± 0m.119, respectively. It turns out that a calibration of the PL relations based on the distances of 25 FU classical cepheids in the galaxy by Gieren et al. yields a distance scale that is shorter by approximately 0m.20 than the calibrations based on the HIPPARCOS parallaxes.  相似文献   

6.
Based on archived images obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope, stellar photometry for 105 irregular galaxies has been conducted. We have shown the red supergiant and giant branches in the obtained Hertzsprung-Russel diagrams. Using the TRGB method, distances to galaxies and metallicity of red giants have been determined. The color index (V ? I) of the supergiant branch at the luminosity level MI = ?7 was chosen as the metallicity index of red supergiants. For the galaxies under study, the diagrams have been built, in which the correlation can be seen between the luminosity of galaxies (MB) and metallicity of red giants and supergiants. The main source of variance of the results in the obtained diagrams is, in our opinion, uncertainty inmeasurements of galaxy luminosities and star-forming outburst. The relation between metallicity of young and old stars shows that main enrichment of galaxies with metals has taken place in the remote past. Deviations of some galaxies in the obtained relation can possibly be explained with the fall of the intergalactic gas on them, although, this inconsiderably affects metallicities of the stellar content.  相似文献   

7.
On the basis of more abundant data a relation logPV/logR for cepheid variables (Fernie, 1965) is constructed. A linear relation between logP V and logR for classical cepheids is found, which perhaps has a break at R=10R . On the logR/logP diagram thes-cepheids (Efremov, 1968) show a distinct sequence. Alls-cepheids present a relative variation of the radii R/R0.075. The existence of non-s-cepheids with R/R0.075 raises a point about the evolutionary place of these stars (see Efremov, 1968). One could suppose that cepheids with logP>1.1 pulsate in the first overtone.  相似文献   

8.
Results concerning the dependence of photometric and radial velocity amplitudes on metallicity are presented based on about 200 Galactic classical Cepheids pulsating in the fundamental mode. The Galactic distribution of the [Fe/H] value of Cepheids is also studied. We show that the photometric amplitude ratio AI/AV is independent of metallicity. The observed dependence of this ratio on the pulsation period does not correspond to the theoretical predictions. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

9.
We present our B, V, Rc, and Ic observations of a \(3'.6 \times 3'\) field centered on the host galaxy of GRB 000926 (α2000.0=17h04m11s, \(\delta _{2000.0} = + 51^ \circ 47'9\mathop .\limits^{''} 8\)). The observations were carried out on the 6-m Special Astrophysical Observatory telescope using the SCORPIO instrument. The catalog of galaxies detected in this field includes 264 objects for which the signal-to-noise ratio is larger than 5 in each photometric band. The following limiting magnitudes in the catalog correspond to this limitation: 26.6 (B), 25.7 (V), 25.8 (R), and 24.5 (I). The differential galaxy counts are in good agreement with previously published CCD observations of deep fields. We estimated the photometric redshifts for all of the cataloged objects and studied the color variations of the galaxies with z. For luminous spiral galaxies with M(B)z～1.  相似文献   

10.
Using the Am components in spectroscopic binaries, the region of metallicism in the (logm, logR) diagram is statistically discussed. The metallic-line characteristics appear in a slightly evolved stage near the Main Sequence within a belt characterized by logg=3.8–4.2, for which the radiiR/R =1.5–2.7. The distribution in the diagram indicates that appreciable differences should exist in the abundances as well as in the mixing lengths of the atmospheres of the Am components.Synchronism between rotation and revolution for the Am components is discussed, and it is clearly found that the synchronism holds accurately for the Am binaries with periods less than about six days, but for those with periods between six and ten days some Am components corotate and some do not, perhaps depending upon their ages.Using the Am spectroscopic binaries with periods less than twelve days, we find that the excess of metallicity is statistically correlated with the rotational velocity; and it is confirmed that the metallicity grossly decreases with increasing rotational velocity. If the effect of a non-Am secondary component is eliminated from a [m 1]-value for the combined light, the correlation between metallicity excess and rotational velocity for the Am components only should approach [m 1]/V (km s–1)=–0.00077.  相似文献   

11.
We have applied the near-infrared surface-brightness method to 111 Cepheids in the Milky Way and in the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds determining distances and luminosities for the individual stars. We find that the K-band Period-Luminosity (PL-)relations for Milky Way and Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheids are almost identical, whereas the zero point of the Wesenheit relation depends significantly on metallicity, metal poor Cepheids being fainter.  相似文献   

12.
We investigate numerically the chemodynamical evolution of major disc–disc galaxy mergers in order to explore the origin of the mass-dependent chemical, photometric and spectroscopic properties observed in elliptical galaxies. We investigate especially the dependence of the fundamental properties on merger progenitor disc mass (M d). Three main results are obtained in this study:– More massive (luminous) ellipticals formed by galaxy mergers between more massive spirals have higher metallicity (Z) and thus show redder colours; the typical metallicity ranges from ∼ 1.0 solar abundance (Z∼ 0.02) for ellipticals formed by mergers with M d = 1010 M ⊙to ∼ 2.0 solar (Z∼ 0.04) for those with M d= 1012 M ⊙.– Both the Mg2 line index in the central part of ellipticals (R ≤ 0.1 R e) and the radial gradient of Mg2 (δ Mg2 / δ log R) are more likely to be larger for massive ellipticals. δ Mg2 / δ log R correlates reasonably well with the central Mg2 in ellipticals. For most of the present merger models, ellipticals show a positive radial gradient of the Hβ line index. – Both M/L B and M/L K (where M, L B, and L K are the total stellar mass of galaxy mergers, the B-band and the K-band luminosities, respectively) depend on galactic mass in such a way that more massive ellipticals have larger M/L B and smaller M/L K. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

13.
We combined optical Hubble Space Telescope ACS images with mid-infrared Spitzer data of the two young star clusters NGC346 and NGC602 in the Small Magellanic Cloud, to study how local and global conditions may affect the process of star formation. We found that, while general conditions such as metallicity, or the mass or morphological type of the parent galaxy do not strongly affect the process of star formation, local conditions such as the gas and stellar density can affect both how star formation occurs and propagates, and also the evolution of a star cluster from early times.  相似文献   

14.
VLT images in BVI are used to identify globular clusters in the central region of NGC5128. Based on the sizes, optical magnitudes and colors, a hundred candidate globular clusters are identified with projected galactocentric distances 1 kpc < R G < 5 kpc. These clusters have magnitudes 18 < V < 20.5 or ?10.3 < M V < ?7.8 at the distance of this galaxy, and colors 0.8 < V?I < 1.5 and 0.5 < B?V < 1.5. These identifications allow us to compare the properties of the X-ray globular cluster population discovered recently in this galaxy.  相似文献   

15.
By use of the reddening free [m 1], [c 1], and indices data inuvby photometric system for three classical cepheids whose reddening values had been determined with the aid of photometry of field stars, three intrinsic relations of [m 1]–(b–y), [c 1]–(b–y), and –(b–y) have been established. It was shown that these three relations can be used to determine the colour excesses for other classical cepheids.  相似文献   

16.
The observational data for 24 stars toward the young cluster vdB 130 are analyzed. The spectroscopic and photometric BV RIJHK observations have been carried out with the following telescopes: 6-m at the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 60-cm at the Southern Station of the Moscow State University, and 2.5-m at the Caucasus Observatory of the Sternberg Astronomical Institute of theMoscow State University. Nine stars previously selected as cluster members have been found to belong to different subtypes of type B. A minimum color excess toward the cluster, E(B ? V) = 0.9 mag, has been revealed for the vdB 130 stars lying outside the molecular cloud. Maximum color excesses, E(B ? V) = 1.3?1.4 mag, have been found in the spectra of cluster stars 1r and 5r observed in dust blobs. Inside the cluster R v is shown to differ from the standard one. The overwhelming majority of the remaining investigated stars belong to late types and have minor color excesses (≤0.3) typical of close distances.  相似文献   

17.
The stellar population of the blue compact dwarf galaxy SBS 1415+437 is investigated using the archive database of the Hubble space telescope. The color index-magnitude diagram for stars reaches a magnitude of 29 m in the V and I bands. It comprises young main-sequence stars, blue and red supergiants, and the old population of red giant branch and asymptotic giant branch. The tip of the red giant branch αTRGB) was used to calculate the distance modulus, which turned out to be m ? M = 30.65 ± 0.08 m . The corresponding distance to the galaxy is D = 13.5 ± 1.0 Mpc. The youngest stars are distributed irregularly near the bright H II region in the southwest part of SBS 1415+437. The old population occupies a larger area, it is distributed more evenly and forms the galactic halo. The spatial distribution of young stars shows that the star formation in the galaxy spread in the direction from northeast to southwest over the last 5 × 107 yr with an average rate of 60 km/s. The TRGB of SBS 1415+437 was found to be appreciably shifted to the blue range: (V ? I) TRGB ≈ 1.30. The galaxy age turns out to be not smaller than the age of Galactic globular clusters (about 1010 yr), provided that the galaxy originally had a very low metallicity (our photometric estimate is [Fe/H] = ?2.4). If the metallicity of SBS 1415+437 changed almost not at all in the course of evolution and was equal to [Fe/H] = ?1.3 (as estimated from the emission lines of ionized gas), the galaxy age is no more than 2 × 109 yr.  相似文献   

18.
In order to study the statistical characters and physical significance of the color indexes and orbital parameters of Centaurs, we have analyzed the color and orbit parameter correlations by using statistical methods according to the known color indexes of 39 Centaurs and their respective orbital parameters. We find that all the correlations of B − V vs. V − R, V − R vs. R − I, B − V vs. R − I and B − R vs. R − I are strong. The Centaurs exhibit obvious redblue double-color property, and the point of demarcation is close to B − R = 1.4. The distributions of the various color indexes of Centaurs exhibit the normal distribution. For the correlations between colors and orbital parameters, except for the weak correlations between B − V and the orbital inclination i as well as between V − R and the orbital semi-major axis a, no evident correlation has been found between color indexes and orbital parameters.  相似文献   

19.
We describe a method for simultaneous determination of the metallicity and interstellar reddening of globular clusters that uses parameters of the giant branch on the V vs. (B-R) color-magnitude diagram: the slope of the giant branch, its color at the level of the horizontal branch, and the apparent magnitude V of the horizontal branch. Applying this method to the globular cluster NGC 7006 gives the metallicity [Fe/H] = −1.78 ± 0.11 and interstellar reddening E B-R = 0.25 ± 0.02.  相似文献   

20.
We present BVIc photometry of the brightest stars andcompact star clusters in NGC 2976, a dwarf galaxy in the interacting M81/M82 group. Deep CCD images of the galaxy were obtained with the 6m‐Telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory (Russia) at arcsec resolution. About 290 young stars and concentrated young clusters were measured. Supplementary data in the ultraviolet are taken from the literature. The extinction to the measured objects is comparatively low, E(B — V) ∼ 0.15 .. 0.20 mag. We estimate the ages of youngest resolved stars and concentrated star clusters to be ∼5 · 106 years. This population is concentrated in a broad stripe facing M81. In the central disk the population is a bit older, about 8 · 106 years, this may be a hint to an outward spreading star formation process. The metallicity of the disk population is estimatedas solar (z ∼ 0.02) from a fitting to Padova theoretical stellar isochrones.  相似文献   

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