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1.
描述了由施恩全等于1987年采自新疆且末县昆其布拉克地区上奥陶统孔其布拉克组中上部的晚奥陶世床板珊瑚,日射珊瑚化石,计有8属,13种(其中新种6个):AgetolitesaltunensisWang,A.KingqiensisWang(Sp.nov.),Cateniporaaqiangensiswang(sp.nov.),Taeniolitescf.zhejiangensisLinetChow,Proheliolitessp.,Priporacf.multispinosaLinetChow,PlasmoporellaqiemoensisWang(sp.nov.),Pl.altunensiWang(sp.nov.),Pl.of.columellaBondarenko,Pl.com-plexawang(sp.nov),Pl.sp,Sibiriolitescf.sibiricusmongolicusBond.etMin.,Diploeporaaltune-sisWnagsp.nov。笔者将其归入Agetolites—Plasmoporella组合。这些化石首次被发现,对于研究阿尔金山地区上奥陶统生物群和地层对比具有十分重要的理论意义和实践意义。  相似文献   

2.
洪友崇 《地质通报》2006,25(5):560-564
记述了原长翅亚目化石(Protomecoptera Tillyard,1917)在中国陕西铜川中三叠统中的首次发现,填补这个亚目化石在中国的空白.根据脉序特征,确定是2个新属、种:Glytochorista martynovae gen.et sp.,Phyllochorista orientis gen.et sp.nov.,属这个亚目的汤姆蝎蛉科Tomichoristidae O.Martynova,1958,从而将这个科的化石推向最高层位,即从早二叠世推向中三叠世,跨时5000多万年.从这个意义来讲,对研究该科从古生代晚期向中生代早期的演化有一定的重要参考价值.化石采自铜川中三叠世铜川组下段上部灰绿色泥页岩.新属、新种属于陕西昆虫群(系中三叠世陕西动物群或陕西生物群的一个化石门类)铜川昆虫组合的新成员,时代相当于欧洲拉丁尼期(Ladinian stage).  相似文献   

3.
珊瑚是一种海生腔肠动物,广泛生长在25~30℃左右的温暖洁净水域中。古生代以四射珊瑚为主,中生代出现六射珊瑚,新生代多见八射珊瑚。所渭八射珊瑚就是它有八床板、八个触手,珊瑚就是靠这些触手吸取海中食物、生长发育的。珊瑚在海中的生长速度极为缓慢,从珊瑚石化后显示出的生长纹和生长线来推测,1m高的珊瑚动物,大约需要生长1000年的时间,它的尸体逐渐为碳酸钙和氧化硅所替换,这个过程称为石化过程,其结果使得有机质的动物珊瑚变为无机质的石化珊瑚,若珊瑚与硅元素结合后,在一定的条件下珊瑚石会玉化。  相似文献   

4.
西藏申扎地区下泥盆统达尔东组珊瑚化石新材料   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
系统描述了采自藏北申扎地区下泥盆统达尔东组的部分珊瑚类化石。其中,皱纹珊瑚7属5种(含1新种Hunanaxonia xizangensis sp.nov.)及2个未定种;床板珊瑚形珊瑚4属4种,含2个新种(Pachycanalicula sparcula sp.nov.,Paraheliolites zakangensis sp.nov.)。这些珊瑚化石的发现将有助于进一步了解本区早泥盆世珊瑚动物群的共生组合、演化以及珊瑚的古生物地理区系。  相似文献   

5.
文中描述了我国中三叠世淡水鲎虫的1个新科——新疆鲎虫科(Xinjiangiopsi-dae fam.nov.)及陕西铜川中三叠世(铜川组)鲎虫4个新种。  相似文献   

6.
基于生物地层学的研究,详细描述了内蒙古西乌旗地区早二叠世的皱纹珊瑚,建立了7个新种,划分了2个珊瑚组合:Lytvolasma-Cyathocarinia组合和Lytvolasma-Caninophyllum-Pseudopolythecalis组合。前一组合主要为小型单体,无鳞板,隔壁加厚,外壁厚,一些分子具典型中柱的珊瑚类型;后一珊瑚化石组合表现为群体珊瑚和单体珊瑚混生融合。本区珊瑚动物群在早二叠世阿木山期混生类型为超覆型,在早二叠世包特格期混生类型为混合型。这种混生现象与石炭纪末一二叠纪初全球气候变冷事件相吻合,并反映了古气候暖-冷-暖的变化。同时也佐证了古亚洲洋洋壳的性质在稍早的时期已经发生了本质变化。此时海盆性状应该是岛弧浅海,而不是大洋。  相似文献   

7.
本文描述的四射珊瑚化石产自新疆塔尔巴哈台山南坡的奥陶—志留纪地层,是新疆地质矿产局第一区调大队十一分队1983年采集的.化石经笔者鉴定计有晚奥陶世1属2新种、中志留世5属5种(其中有4个新种).属种名单如下:Favistella xinjiangensis(sp.nov.),F.tachengensis(sp.nov.),Entelophyllum tachengense(sp.nov.),Hol-mophyllum isoseptatum(sp.nov.),Tabularia tabulata(sp.nov.),T.xinjian-gensis(sp.nov.)和Amplexoides sp.  相似文献   

8.
西准噶尔中志留统和下泥盆统四射珊瑚新种   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
描述了产自新疆西准噶尔萨勒布尔山中志留统沙尔布尔组的孔壁珊瑚(Calostylis)几个新种CalostylisXinjangensis(sp.nov.),C.sharburensis(sp.nov.),C.mangkeluensis(sp.nov.),C.sp.A和下泥盆统的Amplexoidesmalasuensis(sp.nov.),Orthopaterophyllumkazachstanicum,Syringaxonsiluriense,S.mangkeluense(sp.nov.)等。与孔壁珊瑚(Calostylis)共生的还有四射珊瑚、床板珊瑚、腕足类及三叶虫,它们产在黄褐、褐、灰绿及紫红色凝灰粉砂岩夹灰岩凸镜体及硅化、大理岩化灰岩中。  相似文献   

9.
洪友崇 《地质通报》2009,28(1):11-15
小翅目化石是一个绝灭目,分布于德国(C2)和捷克、中亚、俄罗斯、美国(P),但在中国从来未曾发现过这个目的化石。2000年,笔者等在中国陕西铜川地区中三叠统铜川组下段上部灰绿色泥页岩中首次采到了小翅目昆虫化石。根据世界历史的参考文献,小翅目化石被发现的很少,已知报道的共有3科10属。此次所发现的有1新属和1新种Triasomiomopteris oblongata gen. et sp. nov.。属种不多,但很珍贵,有一定的重要意义,首先填补了中国小翅目化石这个领域的空白,也填补了世界中三叠世这个时代的空白,同时也打破了小翅目昆虫化石仅产于古生代晚期的说法,从而对于研究小翅目昆虫化石从二叠纪到中生代早期的演化关系有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

10.
云南西部施甸地区中泥盆世四射珊瑚   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
王增吉 《地质论评》1986,32(6):596-600
本文描述的四射珊瑚采自云南省西部施甸地区中泥盆世马鹿塘组及何元寨组。描述了马鹿塘组珊瑚5属5种,2个未定种,并建立1个珊瑚组合:Metrionaxon yunnanense-Neaxon inopinata组合,包括Metrionaxon yunnanense sp.nov.,M.sinense sp.nov.,Neason inopinata(Prantl),Neaxon sp.,Metriophyllum gracile Schluter,Barrandeophyllum?sp.,Amplexocarinia yunnanensisn sp.nov.等。该组合的时代为中泥盆世早期(Eife lian)。描述了何元寨组1属,1个亚种:Peripaedium planum planumBirenheide.本组时代为中泥盆世晚期。这一珊瑚动物群与我国华南区珊瑚动物群截然不同,而与欧洲珊瑚动物群非常相似。  相似文献   

11.
新疆乌鲁木齐祁家沟晚石炭世四射珊瑚   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
王增吉  俞学光 《地球学报》1989,11(1):157-174
本文共描述12属、24种和亚种,其中1新属,19新种和新亚种。隶属于晚石炭世早期祁家沟组的四射珊瑚9属、16种和亚种及Amplexus qijiagouensis-Cystilophophyllum minor组合。隶属于晚石炭世晚期奥尔吐组的四射珊瑚5属9种。  相似文献   

12.
新疆北部石炭纪单体珊瑚新资料   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
文中描述的10属10个新种单体珊瑚,全部是小型角锥状、弯锥状,具中轴者居多.系发育边缘厚结带,鳞板不发育的类型.其中Rylstonia,Fasciculiamplexus,Homalophy-llites.and Tetralasma等在新疆属首次发现,不仅丰富了本区石炭纪珊瑚的属种,而且为相关地区石炭纪地层的对比提供了新的依据.同时也证明当时的北极海与我国的北方海槽及华南海是相互沟通的.  相似文献   

13.
藏北班戈、申扎地区志留纪和泥盆纪珊瑚及其意义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文描述了藏北志留纪和泥盆纪皱纹珊瑚6属,7种,其中3个新种;床板珊瑚5属,7种,其中有4个新种;日射珊瑚1属1种,并讨论了本区志留纪和泥盆纪地层的发育特征和沉积类型。  相似文献   

14.
The evolution of modern corals and their early history   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
George D.  Jr.   《Earth》2003,60(3-4):195-225
Scleractinians are a group of calcified anthozoan corals, many of which populate shallow-water tropical to subtropical reefs. Most of these corals calcify rapidly and their success on reefs is related to a symbiotic association with zooxanthellae. These one-celled algal symbionts live in the endodermal tissues of their coral host and are thought responsible for promoting rapid calcification. The evolutionary significance of this symbiosis and the implications it holds for explaining the success of corals is of paramount importance. Scleractinia stands out as one of the few orders of calcified metazoans that arose in Triassic time, long after a greater proliferation of calcified metazoan orders in the Paleozoic. The origin of this coral group, so important in reefs of today, has remained an unsolved problem in paleontology. The idea that Scleractinia evolved from older Paleozoic rugose corals that somehow survived the Permian mass extinction persists among some schools of thought. Paleozoic scleractiniamorphs also have been presented as possible ancestors. The paleontological record shows the first appearance of fossils currently classified within the order Scleractinia to be in the Middle Triassic. These earliest Scleractinia provide a picture of unexpectedly robust taxonomic diversity and high colony integration. Results from molecular biology support a polyphyletic evolution for living Scleractinia and the molecular clock, calibrated against the fossil record, suggests that two major groups of ancestors could extend back to late Paleozoic time. The idea that Scleractinia were derived from soft-bodied, “anemone-like” ancestors that survived the Permian mass extinction, has become a widely considered hypothesis. The 14-million year Mesozoic coral gap stands as a fundamental obstacle to verification of many of these ideas. However, this obstacle is not a barrier for derivation of scleractinians from anemone-like, soft-bodied ancestors. The hypothesis of the ephemeral, “naked coral”, presents the greatest potential for solution of the enigma of the origin of scleractinians. It states that different groups of soft-bodied, unrelated “anemone-like” anthozoans gave rise to various calcified scleractinian-like corals through aragonitic biomineralization. Although there is evidence for this phenomenon being more universal in the mid-Triassic interval, following a lengthy Early Triassic post-extinction perturbation, it appears to have occurred at least three other times prior to this interval. This idea suggests that, because of ephemeral characteristics, the skeleton does not represent a clade of zoantharian evolution but instead represents a grade of organization. In the fossil record, skeletons may have appeared and disappeared at different times as some clades reverted to soft-bodied existence and these phenomena could account for notable gaps in the taxonomic and fossil record. A fuller understanding and possible solution to the problem of the origin of modern corals may be forthcoming. However, it will require synthesis of diverse kinds of data and an integration of findings from paleobiology, stratigraphy, molecular biology, carbonate geochemistry, biochemistry and invertebrate physiology.  相似文献   

15.
齐文同 《地球科学进展》2007,22(10):1094-1098
石珊瑚目是中新生代的重要造礁生物。直到中三叠世才大量出现多种石珊瑚化石,距二叠纪末生物大灭绝、古生代皱壁珊瑚和床板珊瑚灭亡14 Ma之久。石珊瑚的起源和早期系统发育,成为生物大灭绝及复苏的一个难题。文章目的是综述多学科研究石珊瑚早期系统发育的进展,以及多家系统分类,展望前景。研究方法有骨骼构造与微细构造及软体的对比,时空分布分析,寻找早期珊瑚化石及分子生物学等。研究结果主要有石珊瑚可能起源于只有软体的海葵类,发现早期石珊瑚化石,以及石珊瑚在300 Ma之前已演化为两支,但还有不少空白和争议。结论是为了查明石珊瑚的早期系统演化和分类,需要加强古生物与今生物学者多学科交叉的综合研究,努力寻找中间环节,填补研究空白。  相似文献   

16.
<正>The classification and phytogeny of the basal Vespina(=Orussoidea+Apocrita)are reconsidered based primarily on rich and well preserved material from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou in Inner Mongolia,China. Comparatively smooth morphological transitions are traced from a Xiphydriidae-like ancestor toward Orussoidea via the Jurassic family Karatavitidae,and through Karatavitidae and the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous family Ephialtitidae independently to Stephanidae,to Evanioidea,and,via the extinct Jurassic Kuafuidae fam.nov.to the remaining Apocrita.New hypothesis is proposed concerning development of the characteristic wasp-waist of Apocrita,which is supposed to appear independently and in different ways in Evanioidea and in the rest of Apocrita.As a result,six infraorders are proposed for the suborder Vespina with the following taxonomic structure:infraorder Orussomorpha including the only superfamily Orussoidea(Karatavitidae+Paroryssidae + Orussidae),infraorder Stephanomorpha with the only superfamily Stephanoidea(Ephialtitidae+Stephanidae), infraorder Evaniomorpha with the only superfamily Evanioidea of traditional composition,infraorder Ceraphronomorpha with the superfamilies Ceraphronoidea s.str.and monotypical Megalyroidea and Trigonaloidea,and the infraorders Proctotrupomorpha,Ichneumonomorpha,and Vespomorpha of traditional composition.The family Kuafuidae is unplaced to infraorder because it is putatively paraphyletic with respect to Ceraphronomorpha,Proctotrupomorpha,Ichneumonomorpha and Vespomorpha.Described as new are Karatavites junfengi sp.nov,Praeratavites wuhuaensis sp.nov.,P.perspicuus sp.nov.,Postxiphydria daohugouensis gen.et sp.nov.,P.ningchengensis gen.et sp.nov.,Postxiphydroides strenuus gen.et sp.nov.,Praeratavitoides amabilis gen.et sp.nov.,Proapocrtius densipediculus sp.nov.,P.sculptus sp.nov.,P.longantennatus sp.nov., P.formosus sp.nov.,P.atropus sp.nov.,P.elegans sp.nov.,Stephanogaster pristinus sp.nov.,Asiephialtites lini sp. nov.,Praeproapocritus vulgatus gen.et sp.nov.,Sinaulacogastrinus solidus gen.et sp.nov.,Sinevania speciosa gen. et sp.nov.,Eonevania robusta gen.et sp.nov.,Kuafua polyneura gen.et sp.nov.(all from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou),as well as Kuafuidae fam.nov.including Kuafua gen.nov.as well as Arthrogaster Rasnitsyn,1975,and Leptogastrella Rasnitsyn,1975 from the Upper Jurassic of Karatau in Kazakhstan.  相似文献   

17.
云南省华宁县盘溪地区的泥盆纪浅海相地层发育,珊瑚化石丰富,研究历史悠久,是中国南方重要的泥盆系剖面之一,它在国内外地层古生物学界久负盛名。1948年王鸿祯教授首次描述了盘溪等地泥盆纪的四射珊瑚19属36种(包括变种、未定种等),其中有19新种,自下而上建立了G、C、K、E、T、P、D等7个珊瑚层(horizon),奠定了滇东泥盆纪生物地层研究的基础,该文至今仍一直被国内外地层古生物学界同行所引用和参考。文中描述了盘溪泥盆纪四射珊瑚13属13种(包括未定种和近似种)及其上覆下石炭统的四射珊瑚1属2种。文章还着重讨论了泥盆系的南盘江组、一打得组和在结组的地质时代以及泥盆—石炭系界线等地层问题。  相似文献   

18.
在西藏措勤打加错地区新发现上三叠统江让组,其为一套海相碎屑岩及碳酸盐岩沉积建造,岩性主要为不等厚层状石英质砾岩、深灰色薄层状—块状生物碎屑微晶灰岩、含砂粉砂质微晶灰岩、含石英砾质生物碎屑灰岩、砂屑灰岩夹钙质细砂岩,产珊瑚Distichophyllia sp.,Volzeia sp.,Montlivaltia sp.,M.cf.xainzaensis、海绵:Hartmanina sp.和双壳类Xenocardita?sp.,时代为晚三叠世卡尼期-诺利期,与下二叠统昂杰组呈角度不整合接触。江让组在该地区的发现,完善了冈底斯西部三叠纪的地层系统,为研究印支运动对冈底斯西部的影响和古特提斯洋的演化提供了依据。  相似文献   

19.
本文研究了黔西、桂北威宁组的皱纹珊瑚26属、45种,并对其中的1新属、14新种进行了描述。据珊瑚化石的研究将该区的中石炭统自下而上划分为两个组合:1.Darwcsophyllum—Paracarruthersella组合;2.Acrocyathus—Shuichengophyllum组合。  相似文献   

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