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1.
结合当前我国矿井高强度快速推采的现状,系统分析了双轴加载速率对大尺寸岩体破裂的影响规律。以山东能源济宁矿区深部岩体所处的复杂环境为背景,确定了与深部岩体力学特性相似的混合砂浆材料的最优配比。采用自主研发的岩石应力-渗流耦合真三轴试验系统和美国生产的PCI-2声发射系统,分析了双轴加载下加载速率对大尺寸试样破裂的影响规律,揭示了加载过程中单裂隙和双裂隙试样的破裂和声发射行为特征。研究表明:当加载速率为1.5 kN/s时,单裂隙试样在剪切作用下易起裂形成反翼裂隙;试样双裂隙的岩桥倾角越大,越有利于试样的加速破坏,产生的声发射事件数较少,表现出岩体破裂的突变性。 相似文献
2.
为了定量评价西部矿区巨厚煤层分层开采过程中弱胶结覆岩采动裂隙网络的发育特征,通过分形几何理论和UDEC离散元数值模拟相结合的方法分析了采动覆岩裂隙的分形演化规律。研究结果表明:西部矿区巨厚煤层在分层开采条件下覆岩发育和扩展具有良好的自相似性,分形维数D在0.461~1.488之间;巨厚煤层在分层开采条件下覆岩裂隙分形演化规律可以划分为快速升维阶段、快速降维阶段、平稳稳维阶段、周期性变维阶段等4个阶段,各阶段分形维数D与开采次数分别满足对数关系、线性关系以及二次函数关系;巨厚煤层在分层开采条件下,分形维数D拟合曲线表现出了高度的相似性,具有一定的周期性,均呈幂函数关系。研究结果可以对西部矿区的安全开采和水资源的保护提供科学依据和技术参考。 相似文献
3.
《岩土力学》2017,(12):3419-3426
为建立加载速率影响下煤体不同失稳形式的声发射-电荷判据,以阜新五龙矿某工作面为研究对象,采用物理试验研究方法,开展了不同加载速率下煤体破裂过程声-电荷监测试验,深入研究了加载速率影响的煤体力学性质、破裂规律和煤体破裂过程能量耗散与声发射-电荷信号的对应关系。研究结果表明:加载速率越高,应力调整越提前,煤样单轴抗压强度增加,累积变形能耗散加剧,煤体失稳形式由静载失稳过渡到类动载扰动失稳,煤体失稳破坏的动力特征明显,压缩型冲击地压动力灾害发生几率增大;不同加载速率下煤岩破裂过程产生的声-电荷信号变化与煤岩受载的应力突变具有较好的一致性;对所用煤样的声发射-电荷信号进行量化分析,初步提出了判定煤体失稳形式的声-电荷复合判定依据,在不同矿区、不同工作面上,可依据监测获得的声-电荷现场数据辅以采动应力场的变化情况,对采动过速诱发的煤体压缩型冲击地压的发生几率进行预测和预警。 相似文献
4.
《岩土力学》2019,(11):4380-4390
水力耦合作用下裂隙岩体的破裂力学行为及声发射特征是关系到地下工程安全建设与灾变预测预警的关键问题。利用水泥砂浆材料及声发射技术开展了室内压缩破裂试验,研究了无水及水力耦合条件下含三维裂隙试件的破裂模式、力学特性、声发射特征以及水压和裂隙倾角的影响,分析了声发射信号主频特征随岩体破裂状态的变化规律。试验结果表明:随裂隙倾角增大,试件破裂模式经历了张拉为主-拉剪复合-剪切为主的转变过程;水压增大增强了试件张拉破裂模式,而剪切破裂模式在一定程度上被削弱;随水压升高,起裂应力、损伤应力和峰值强度均持续降低,水压对起裂应力及峰值强度的影响程度存在阈值(4 MPa);试件破裂过程中声发射撞击率变化呈现明显阶段性特征,从而为起裂和损伤应力判定提供了依据;试件不同破裂状态下的声发射信号呈现不同主频特征,相对高、中、低频波的主频值域区间具有非连续性,低频和高频信号占比与试件破裂状态存在对应关系,因此可为岩体破裂状态的预测预警提供参考信息。 相似文献
5.
既有的巴西劈裂试验与模拟研究多集中在宏观破坏模式与细观演化规律上,对劈裂渐进过程的能量演化特征的分析较少。结合数字图像相关技术(DIC)与声发射实时监测,开展花岗岩的巴西劈裂实验。首先分析实验过程中,岩石破裂模式与破裂尺度的演化规律。在此基础上,采用颗粒流程序(PFC2D)对劈裂试验过程进行数值模拟,分析实验过程中内部裂纹演化过程的能量特征。试验与数值模拟对比结果表明:加载过程中岩样的损伤变化一共经历了4个阶段,即裂隙压密阶段(Ⅰ)、裂纹萌生阶段(Ⅱ)、裂纹扩展阶段(Ⅲ)、峰后破坏阶段(Ⅳ)。试样在裂隙萌生和裂纹扩展阶段以拉张型微破裂为主,裂纹扩展阶段后期产生剪切型破裂,并在加载直径方向形成大尺度裂纹并贯穿整个圆盘形成宏观破坏;试样在裂隙压密和萌生阶段几乎无耗散能,外力所做功几乎都转为岩体内可释放应变能,在破裂扩展后期应变能快速释放,声发射能量在峰值应力附近时达到最大值,峰后破坏阶段试件的可释放应变能快速减小,能量通过形成大量新裂面被耗散掉。 相似文献
6.
岩石声波-声发射一体化测试装置的研制与应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《岩土力学》2016,(1):287-296
为了研究岩石破裂过程中的超声波波速值和声发射活动规律,自主研发了一套岩石声波、声发射一体化同步测试装置,它主要由声波测试系统、声发射测试系统和数据采集、存储、处理系统三部分组成。声波和声发射测试系统通过试验机底座接口与数据采集、存储、处理系统相连,并受后者控制,可以独立的同步监测岩石的波速与声发射信息;数据采集、存储、处理系统可以实时采集、存储两类声学数据,并实现二者的识别、筛分及后期处理。为了验证该装置的适用性,将其应用于盐岩、大理岩、花岗岩的单轴加载试验及盐岩的三轴加载试验中,均获得了较为理想的波速-应力变化规律、岩石声发射活动趋势及震源定位图。结果表明,所研发的测试装置可以满足单轴、三轴应力状态下岩石破裂过程中声波与声发射信息的同步监测,设备性能稳定,测试数据精度较高,可为探索岩体的破裂损伤机制及损伤评价提供重要的研究手段。 相似文献
7.
为研究盐岩变形破坏过程中损伤变量和分形维数之间的关系,对取自某地的纯盐岩开展了单轴压缩和三轴压缩试验。在基于声发射振铃计数的损伤模型和基于声发射定位点空间演化的分形维数计算的基础上,对盐岩变化破坏过程中的损伤变量和分形维数进行了研究。研究表明：在盐岩变形破坏过程中,盐岩分形维数逐渐降低,损伤变量逐渐增加,且分形维数下降的各个阶段与损伤变量增加的各个阶段相对应;盐岩变形破坏前分形维数不再明显下降,且不同应力状态下,盐岩变形破坏前分形维数不同;随着围压增大,盐岩变形破坏前分形维数逐渐降低,其中单轴压缩和三轴压缩应力状态时,分形维数分别低于2.42和2.31、2.20时,预示着试件内部损伤开始汇集,逐渐形成宏观破裂面,导致试件变形破坏;围压对盐岩声发射活动有明显的抑制作用,随着围压的增大,盐岩变形破坏过程中声发射活动逐渐减少,且在此过程中可以发现：在应力加载初期,盐岩分形维数快速下降时所对应的应力百分比逐渐增大,在应力加载后期,当盐岩分形维数不再明显减小时对应的应力百分比逐渐增大;在盐岩变形破坏的加载初期,损伤变量较小,能量释放较少;盐岩变形破坏前损伤变量增加较快,能量快速释放。 相似文献
8.
煤层开采过程中,开采工作面围岩一定范围内的岩体会产生卸荷裂缝或新裂隙,其中有一部分裂缝和裂隙存在张开的经历。由于张开的裂隙和缝隙内没有力的传递介质,在这些裂缝、裂隙附近区域的应力会从因重力引起的应力大值降低到一个很小的值,但不一定会达到应力为0值。裂缝、裂隙附近区域的应力由于之后的应力重分布可以发生调整而振荡,裂缝、裂隙相应地可以闭合,甚至可以承受很大的剪应力。基于一部分采动张开裂隙附近区域的应力大值曾经历过大幅度卸载到一个很小值这一动态过程,提出了一种识别采动裂隙带发育的动态应力追踪方法。以宁夏石嘴山矿区三号煤层为工程背景,利用离散元UDEC软件包计算确定煤层开采过程中覆岩内部不同开采阶段的应力分布。借助于后处理软件TechPlot,利用提出的动态应力追踪方法,识别该矿采动裂隙带的范围和高度;研究结果表明,所提出的动态应力追逐方法具有可行性和很好的适用性。 相似文献
9.
引入损伤变量ω理论,分析水平状软硬相间岩层在竖向应力下的应力-应变关系：再引用弹性模量E和岩层厚度L两个变形参数建立软硬相间岩层底板变形参数方程,得出竖向应力随着底板深度的增加而减小的规律：运用数值模拟软件,建立煤层开采模型,模拟软硬相间岩层底板在采动作用下的变形过程。通过数值分析底板在采动作用下的应力-应变关系和位移特征,发现竖向应力作用下软岩受到的水平应力比硬岩大,竖向应变也比硬岩大,而竖向应力和水平应变变化不大,认为在采动影响下软硬相间岩层底板中的软岩具有吸收更多的应变能来保护软岩下硬岩的变形特点。 相似文献
10.
兖州矿区侏罗系红层水文地质特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
侏罗系红层水是兖州矿区主要水害之一。为防治红层水害,对兖州矿区红层的物质组成、红层孔隙微观特征及分形特征、红层的渗透性、岩石力学特征、采动条件下覆岩破坏高度数值模拟、采动条件下红层裂隙的发育规律与渗透特征、红层突水判别模式及突水危险性分区等进行了研究,建立了红层突水判别模式,得到兖州矿区红层突水危险性分区图,对类似条件矿区的水害防治具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
11.
In order to master the tendency mining-fracture-evolution characteristics of overlying strata and coal seams above working face with large inclination angle and mining depth in mining process, the 1221 working face in Zhao mine is selected as the engineering background and a mathematical model is established. The displacement variation, stress and strain of overlying strata and coal seams are simulated by using ANSYS software. In the mining process, the movement characteristics, displacement variation laws and fracture evolution characteristics of overlying strata and coal seams above working face with large inclination angle and mining depth along inclination direction are discussed. Simulation results show that with the advance of working face, the fracture development of overlying strata and coal seams is larger and larger; the area of gob is gradually expanding and the transverse stress of overlying strata and coal seams is also expanding. Stress contour of overlying strata and coal seams at both ends of gob becomes denser and denser; the activity of the overlying strata and coal seams near the up-roadway side of the gob is violent. The pressure relief zone is formed in the upper part of the strata and the roof above the gob. Large inclination angle of coal seam results in larger supporting pressure in the underside of the gob and smaller supporting pressure in the upper side of the gob. Along the inclination direction of the working face, the pressure relief zone is mainly concentrated in the outlet roadway of the working face; the fracture development and strata separation are obvious, which offer good passage for gas flow and migration. 相似文献
12.
薄基岩条带开采覆岩与地表移动数值模拟研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过数值模拟模型，分析了薄基岩条件下条带开采引起的覆岩破坏机理、地表的下沉和水平变形等移动变形值，揭示了薄基岩条带综放开采引起的上覆岩土层的应力场、位移场及地表的移动变形规律，为薄基岩条件下条带开采覆岩与地表移动变形的工程地质机理的研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
13.
裂纹监测对岩石损伤演化的认识至关重要。为研究岩石裂纹扩展及损伤变形特性,开展了含不同倾角（0°～90°）预制裂隙的标准细黄砂岩样的单轴压缩试验。利用三维数字图像相关技术（3D-DIC）获取岩样三维空间坐标下的应变分布,并结合声发射从光学与声学的角度监测了裂纹的扩展演化。由此提出了一种裂纹主应变的计算方法,定量表征岩石劣化的损伤变量D值。最后,探讨了由声发射与损伤变量D值确定岩样特征强度的影响因素。结论如下：（1）裂纹主应变反映了岩样受荷过程中同源裂纹在时间上的变化速率与空间上的扩展趋势,能较好地表征岩石的开裂行为;（2）声发射适用于确定岩样的起裂应力,不适用于损伤应力的确定,损伤变量D值所确定的起裂应力滞后于声发射,但适用于损伤应力特征值的确定;（3）结合声发射与DIC技术确定的归一化起裂应力范围为0.63～0.94、归一化损伤应力的范围为0.83～0.99;（4）预有裂隙会影响岩石的材料力学性能。随着倾角的增加,岩石的起裂应力、损伤应力及峰值应力呈增长的趋势,由于难以形成局部应变场聚集,裂纹的萌生与起裂更加困难。结果表明,3D-DIC技术的利用可以提高对岩石开裂行为的理解,对岩石的损伤监测与判识更有重要的意义。 相似文献
14.
Guang-an Zhu Lin-ming Dou Chang-bin Wang Jing Li Wu Cai Zi-wei Ding 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(24):549
A systematic approach to numerically simulating an island longwall panel operation is proposed: it aims to investigate the evolution of overlying strata, static stress and displacement response and dynamic load arising from roof fracturing and fault slip. The results show that due to a small gob width (70 m) on both sides, the evolution height of overlying strata is limited, i.e. the heights of the cave-in zone and fracture zone are 30.98 and 66.91 m, respectively. The numerical model matches the theoretical analysis and field observations. Dynamic analysis reveals that the envelope of mine tremors confirms the good correlation with the evolution of the fracture zone. As the mining panel is far from the fault, fault slip does not occur; at this time, the dynamic load mainly comes from roof fracturing. When mining activities approach the fault, the calculation of the dynamic response of fault slip is performed over the area where the increase of relative shear displacement during dynamic analysis exceeds 0.05 m and where the shear stress along the fault decreases. It is shown that during the initial stage of the mining process, and in a square mining panel, fault slip is more likely to occur, leading to strong tremors and rock bursts, which become more notable in the later stages of the mining of the island panel. 相似文献
15.
为研究榆神矿区最上可采煤层赋存及开采对萨拉乌苏组含水层危害程度,依次分析了榆神矿区最上可采煤层赋存特征、最上可采煤层与上覆主要含（隔）水层空间分布规律及组合类型,基于基载比和采高的最上可采煤层覆岩导水裂隙带发育规律、煤层开采对萨拉乌苏组含水层危害程度,将榆神矿区开采受危害程度分为4类:自然保水区、保水采煤区（影响大区和影响小区）、采煤失水区及采煤无水区。结果表明:受构造及剥蚀作用影响,榆神矿区最上可采煤层及上覆基岩呈差异剥蚀,煤露头线从SE向NW呈阶梯状分布,最上可采煤层上覆基岩由NW到SE方向逐渐变薄。榆神矿区西部（三、四期）最上可采煤层开采后对萨拉乌苏组含水层危害程度小或没影响;榆神矿区东部（一、二期）最上可采煤层开采后对萨拉乌苏组含水层危害程度大。 相似文献
16.
Jin-quan Jiang Quan-sen Wu Quan-lin Wu Pu Wang Chen Zhang Bin Gong 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(6):3451-3466
In the coal measure strata, igneous rocks are often invaded, and their occurrence, size, and distribution form play an important role in mining safety. The breakage of hard and thick igneous rocks easily induces dynamic disasters, such as rock burst, mine seismicity, gas outburst, and surface subsidence, which seriously threaten mine safety production. In view of the working face with overlying hard and thick igneous rocks, the evolution characteristics of mining stress and energy distribution under hard and thick igneous rocks were investigated. Furthermore, the influence law of different horizons and thicknesses of igneous rock on overlying strata movement law, stress distribution, and energy distribution was analyzed based on FLAC3D numerical simulation. Results show that no evident subsidence of the overlying strata exists before the igneous rock is broken. Additionally, the subsidence amount of the overburden is suddenly increased after the igneous rock is broken, thereby showing significant mutability. Before the igneous rock breaks, a high stress area is formed around the goaf, and the stress concentration gradually increases with the increase of the mining scope. After the igneous rock breaks, the coal under high stress is prone to induce dynamic disasters under the action of strong dynamic load. However, the advanced abutment pressure and stored energy rapidly decreased. The accuracy of the numerical simulation is verified by field monitoring. Results of the study are of considerable significance for safe mining of working face under similar geological conditions. 相似文献
17.
俯伪斜分段密集采煤法三维有限元数值模拟研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
俯伪斜分段密集采煤法,作为一种较新的采煤方法,在我国技术上还不很成熟,因此,首次针对京煤集团木城涧矿大台井的地质条件和赋煤状况,通过简化建立三维立体有限元模型,模拟计算了该矿煤层顶底板在开采前后运动变化情况。结果表明:煤层倾角、推采距离和开采巷道数三者是影响煤层顶底板运动规律的重要因素,得到了表征顶底板运动规律的顶底板法向最大应力和法向最大位移与三影响因素关系曲线,详细阐述了三影响因素下的煤层顶底板运动规律;同时,对现场开采中支撑压力大小,特别是在三影响因素下,超前支撑压力的作用范围与应力峰值位置进行了数值计算,并总结了其影响规律;最后,指出了该数值分析方法对现场开采将具有十分重要的应用价值和指导意义。 相似文献
18.
Using TAW-2000KN electro-hydraulic servo rock press machines and the American Physical Acoustics Company’s SH-II acoustic emission systems, experimental studies began to address the mechanical properties in different beddings of loaded coal and the related acoustic emission characteristics, established based on the acoustic emission damage model, and verify the model. The results show that the mechanical properties of different coal sample beddings are distinctive, with maximum uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of vertical stratification of coal samples and the minimum Poisson’s ratio. Thus, the minimum uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of oblique bedding coal samples along with the maximum Poisson’s ratio in the processes of loading result in different bedding coal samples having different stress–strain curves, especially when different bedding coal samples experience the stages of fissure compression, elastic deformation, plastic deformation and instability and destruction. In addition, the displacement proportions of each stage of the loading process have relatively obvious differences: the loading times of vertical, parallel and oblique bedding coal are 495, 382 and 331 s, respectively, and their acoustic emission mutation points of peak stress are approximately 60, 41 and 33%, respectively. Thus, we can use the mutation point as precursor information to estimate the damage intensity in different bedding seams. The theoretical and experimental stress–strain curves obtained by the coal damage model are basically identical, verifying the reliability of the model and reflecting the feasibility of acoustic emission technology in the study of coal damage. The results can effectively forecast coal and gas outburst hazard in coal mines, especially highly gassy and outburst mines. It can also make comprehensive predictions for flooding accidents, roof fall accidents and other disasters, and provide valuable evacuation time for underground coal mine workers. The results are of great scientific significance in safeguarding the safety of coal mines. 相似文献
19.
Assessment of rigid overlying strata failure in face mining 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Eva Jiránková 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2010,2(4):524-530
The method of overlying strata failure assessment of extracted seams is based upon the simultaneous assessment of surface subsidence and seismic activity, considering the spatiatemporal progress of mining, depending on the character of the rock mass. The rigid overlying strata failure assessment results in finding whether a failure of the firm overlying rocks occurred or whether a strutting arch was formed over the mined-out area. The practical importance of the overlying strata failure assessment consists in determining the size of the mined-out area at which the com-plete failure of the rigid overlying strata occurred and in the assessment of the current stress condition of the overlying strata failure. The assessment method is applicable in deep mine workings where thick coal seams are being mined by means of the method of longwall mining with controlled caving. The results of this method are used to amend contemporary known methods of rock-burst protection, namely (regarding the use of surface measurements for the evaluation) in overlying strata areas. 相似文献
20.
大跨度采空影响顺倾构造山体侧向变动的复合机理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采空区地表山体侧向变动,不同于一般天然山坡,也与采空区一般上覆岩层的变形破坏有异;它是二者复合机理的效应。本文在分析考察了毗邻电厂的横山顺倾构造山体,剖析了地下采空情况后认为,山体侧向变动中,软弱夹层有决定性作用;变动范围、速率与规模,与地下采空有关。从而又利用地质力学模型试验和数值模拟,探索了采动引起山体应力场及变动规律。结果表明,山体岩层的变形、位移、破坏,由直接顶板向地表发展;采空坍陷诱发了软弱夹层的蠕滑,则产生山体侧向滑移;电厂区地表隆起变形是山体侧向滑移挤压地基土的反映。通过现场实际调究、变形观测资料分析与数值模拟和模型试验的对比研究,提出了坍落拱梁的成生效应、挤压蠕滑效应、失稳效应;揭露了顺倾构造山体在采空影响下,具有地表、地下的复合临空面的复合应力场中复合变动的复合机理;并提出这种山体侧向变动机理的典型地质模式,借以论证山体稳定性。 相似文献