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1.
碱性长石中Al—Si分布的计算方法讨论：以江西相山及山东七宝山火山… 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
碱性长石的结构状态是其温压条件，特别是冷却速度的反映。对碱性长石的结构态，目前国内均是采用Ｘ－射线衍射资料中０６０峰是２０４峰的２θ值来求解的，但单斜晶系的碱性长石２０４峰常被其它峰叠覆。Ｈｏｖｉｓ在对碱性长石的Ｘ－射弛衍射资料作系统研究的基础上，提出了用１１３峰及０６０峰来计算单斜碱性长石不同四面体位置Ａｌ占位率的方法。 相似文献
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采用X射线衍射法研究了16个碱性岩和碱性花岗岩体长石的结构态,获得了122个数据,并对样品进行探针或化学分析。这些富碱岩都以碱性长石为主,有单斜、三斜钾长石,以及由它们和钠长石组成的条纹长石。钾长石分属各种结构态,钠长石有中、低钠长石,钾、钠长石在一些岩体中体现了由高→低结构态有序化演化进程。长右结构态与矿物温度计所获得的资料得到了很好的对照,表明了长石Si/Al有序程度主要受结晶温度的影响。 相似文献
4.
碱性长石又名钾钠长石,是地壳上广泛分布的造岩矿物之一.近年来,用近代物理的方法(如X射线粉晶及单晶衍射、中子衍射、红外吸收谱及透射电镜等)进行深入的研究,已经揭示了该矿物的许多真实行为.在近期,长石的结构状态有序度、超结构状态(连生、出溶、晶畴、失步或反相,调制结构等)新概念的大量引入,为成岩成矿的研究提供新的信息. 相似文献
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桐庐、黄山花岗岩类岩体中碱性长石的出溶和超微双晶 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究了桐庐和黄山两地不同成因花岗岩类岩体中碱性长石的出溶和超微双晶。结果表明,碱性长石的出溶和超微双晶同岩体的成岩温度、冷却速率以及岩体成因类型和碱性长石的化学成份有关,成岩期后的热作用对碱性长石的出溶和超微双晶产生改造和破坏。 相似文献
7.
青藏高原当雄地区方沸石响岩的主要造岩矿物特征:原生方沸石的证据 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
方沸石响岩是一种罕见的碱性火山岩.采用电子探针、粉晶X射线衍射、扫描电镜、拉曼光谱等研究了青藏高原当雄地区方沸石响岩的主要造岩矿物种属、共生关系和结晶顺序.研究表明, 斑晶由方沸石和长石组成.方沸石为岩浆结晶晚期形成的原生矿物; 长石均发育“次生边”结构, 中央相为斜长石, 边缘相为碱性长石.基质由碱性长石、次透辉石、钛磁铁矿和褐铁矿组成.原生矿物的结晶顺序是: 斑晶长石的中央相→斑晶方沸石+斑晶长石边缘相富钾长石→基质长石→次透辉石→钛磁铁矿和褐铁矿.利用方沸石-熔体平衡估算出方沸石结晶时岩浆的温度和压力条件分别为600~640 ℃和(5~13) ×108 Pa, 考虑到青藏高原当时已形成巨厚地壳, 认为岩浆房存在于地壳深部. 相似文献
8.
岩石分类命名通常采用偏光显微镜鉴定确定。沉积岩中因某些粘土矿物的种类及含量不影响岩石定名而时常被忽视,利用X-射线粉晶衍射法加以辅助,可将显微镜下不易区分的长石种类、长英质矿物、碳酸盐矿物准确区分、还可检测出显微镜下难以鉴定出的蒙脱石、高岭石等隐晶质粘土矿物。结果表明偏光显微镜与X-射线粉晶衍射(XRD)法有效结合,综合鉴定,能提高对岩石定名的准确性。 相似文献
9.
长石广泛分布于各种火成岩、变质岩及沉积岩中,是地壳内十分丰富和重要的一种造岩矿物。甚至在月岩、陨石中也可见到许多斜长石。因此长石一直是国际矿物界所关注的矿物族。本文主要介绍X射线分析长石的基本原理和方法,着重介绍适用于碱性长石、斜长石和三元长石的克罗尔(Kroll)的亡〔110〕法,并对各种方法加以对比、综述。研究长石的主要内容是测定长石的成分和结构态,即确定长石中的Al,Si比例及Al在四面体位置上的含量(占有率),搞清Al、Si有序无序分布特点。 相似文献
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本文对四川攀枝花—西昌（即攀西裂谷）地区各个不同时期、不同产状、不同岩类中的斜长石、碱性长石进行了X射线研究,配合单矿物化学分析、电子探针成分分析,结合红外光谱、光学测定,精确地计算了42个斜长石,60个碱性长石的晶胞参数,求出其四个四面体的Al含量,确定长石的成分和结构态。为探索攀西地区岩浆活动演化规律,研究攀西裂谷形成、发展及其消亡历史提供了客观依据。 相似文献
11.
Refined unit-cell dimensions and molar volumes of a mircocline-low albite ion-exchange series previously studied by Waldbaum and Robie (1971) have been redetermined. Members in the sodic half of the series were found to have significantly larger b dimensions than those previously reported, resolving the major difference between the above study and that of Orville (1967).
W
v, the Margules parameter related to the volume of mixing, is significantly lower (0.078 cal/bar mol) than those determined in either of the investigations above. However, it is close to values of W
v determined for several alkali feldspar series with topochemically monoclinic Al-Si distributions. Thus, the dependence of K-Na volume of mixing properties on Al-Si distribution in alkali feldspars is doubtful. 相似文献
12.
R. J. Angel R. M. Hazen T. C. McCormick C. T. Prewitt J. R. Smyth 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1988,15(4):313-318
The compressibilities of the three end-member feldspars have been determined between 1 bar and 50 kbar by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques, using a Merrill-Bassett type diamond anvil cell with three crystals loaded simultaneously. Low albite (ordered aluminium-silicon distribution) and high sanidine (disordered Al-Si) show similar behaviour on compression, with bulk moduli (linear fit to volume-pressure data) of 0.70 and 0.67 Mbar respectively. The most compressible cell axis of all three feldspars studied is a, indicating that the major change in the feldspar framework with pressure is a shortening of the overall length of the “crankshaft chains” by reduction of T-O-T angles. Anorthite shows anomalous behaviour in that we have observed a previously unreported reversible phase transition at a pressure between 25.5 and 29.5 kbar. This transition is marked by large discontinuities in the unit cell angles and a small decrease of 0.2 percent in the cell volume with increasing pressure. The high-pressure phase is less compressible than the low-pressure phase, the bulk moduli being 0.94 and 1.06 Mbar respectively. There was no evidence of a monoclinic to triclinic inversion in sanidine that was expected to occur between 20 and 30 kbar on the basis of previous work on intermediate alkali feldspars. 相似文献
13.
Mizuhiko Akizuki 《Lithos》1983,16(4):249-254
Spherulites consisting of fibrous alkali feldspar and silica minerals are produced by devitrification of rhyolite glass under hydrothermal conditions. The alkali feldspars (Ab72.5Or23.0An4.5, Ab81.7Or14.0An4.3) in spherulites from two localities in Japan consist of triclinic anorthoclase showing fine cross-hatched twinning and monoclinic sanidine showing fine cross-hatching not attributable to twinning. The cross-hatching, which corresponds to albite and pericline twinning, is produced in the process of transition from a monoclinic to a triclinic phase. The spherulite may develop at a temperature lower than about 200°C because the co-existing silica mineral is not quartz, but metastable tridymite. According to the phase diagram of the alkali feldspars by MacKenzie (1952), the alkali feldspars should have been triclinic during growth. However, the textures show that the alkali feldspar grew as a disordered monoclinic phase. Because of the high growth rate, the Al/Si disordered structure was produced during growth and afterwards transformed into a triclinic structure with cross-hatched twinning. 相似文献
14.
The short range distribution of interatomic distances in three feldspar glasses has been determined by X-ray radial distribution analysis. The resulting radial distribution functions (RDF's) are interpreted by comparison with RDF's calculated for various quasi-crystalline models of the glass structure.The experimental RDF's of the alkali feldspar glasses were found to be inconsistent with the four-membered rings of tetrahedra associated with crystalline feldspars; the structures of these glasses are probably based on interconnected six-membered rings of the type found in tridymite, nepheline, or kalsilite. In contrast, the RDF of calcic feldspar glass is consistent with a four-membered ring structure of the type found in crystalline anorthite. T-O bond lengths (T = Si,Al) increase from 1.60 Å in SiO2 glass [J. H. Konnert and J. Karle (1973) Acta Cryst.A29, 702–710] to 1.63 Å in the alkali feldspar glasses to 1.66 Å in the calcic feldspar glass due to the substitution of Al for Si in the tetrahedra] sites. The T-O-T bond angles inferred from the RDF peak positions are 151° in SiO2 glass (see reference above), 146° in the alkali feldspar glasses, and 143° in the calcic feldspar glass. Detail in the RDF at distances greater than 5 Å suggests that the alkali feldspar glasses have a higher degree of long range order than the calcic feldspar glasses.Assuming that the structural details of our feldspar glasses are similar to those of the melts, the observed structural differences between the alkali feldspar and calcic feldspar glasses helps explain the differences in crystallization kinetics of anhydrous feldspar composition melts. Structural interpretations of some thermodynamic and rheologic phenomena associated with feldspar melts are also presented based on these results. 相似文献
15.
二长石地质温度计在估算乌拉山金矿碱性长石形成温度中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
内蒙古乌拉山金矿田内主要出露晚太古代乌拉山群区域变质岩和规模不一的花岗岩体以及不同时代、不同种类的脉状地质体。含金矿脉中主要矿物共生组合为碱性长石、石英、斜长石、碳酸盐矿物(方解石、白云石)和少量金属硫化物。矿床的显著特征为碱性长石交代作用强烈，碱性长石也广泛产于该地区其他各种类型的岩石中。本文采用电子显微探针分析了共生碱性长石和斜长石的化学成分，并采用三元二长石温度模型估计了碱性长石的平衡温度。结果表明，第一成矿阶段的碱性长石一石英含金矿脉中碱性长石的形成温度为353℃，第二成矿阶段石英含金矿脉中碱性长石的形成温度为281℃，矿脉碱性长石形成压力约为5kbar。这些结果与同类矿石中平衡共生的碳酸盐矿物和云母类矿物的地质温度计估计的形成温度以及共生石英中流体包裹体的均一温度非常一致。因此，乌拉山金矿床形成和富集的温度可估测为260～380℃，压力约为5kbar。此外，应用二长石温度计计算了本地区区域变质片麻岩和花岗岩中碱性长石的平衡温度，所得温度比采用共生铁铝榴石和黑云母温度计估计的温度要低约250℃。这表明共生的铁铝榴石和黑云母的平衡温度可能代表其寄主变质岩变质期温度及寄主花岗岩原生温度，而区域变质岩和花岗岩中的碱性长石在经历了随后多次热液作用后，可能重新平衡再生，这也与前人对乌拉山金矿的矿床地质和同位素研究的结果一致。 相似文献
16.
W. Johannes 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1979,68(2):221-230
The ternary feldspar system KAlSi3O8 - NaAlSi3O8 - CaAl2Si2O8 was reinvestigated at 650 ° C and 800 ° C (P H2O = 1 kb) using mixtures of crystalline plagioclases and alkali feldspars as starting materials. The compositions of plagioclases and alkali feldspars of the run products were determined by X-ray means. The Or-content of the feldspar phases was determined by measuring the position of the (201) X-ray peak of the unexchanged feldspars, whereas the An-content was determined by measuring the same X-ray peak of the K-exchanged feldspars. The reaction rate of a reaction leading to a more An-rich plagioclase (type II reaction) is much faster than a reaction producing a more Ab-rich plagioclase (type I). In a type II reaction run times of approximately 20 days are needed to reach new constant plagioclase and alkali feldspar compositions at 650 ° C, and 10 days are needed to reach constant compositions at 800 ° C. In a reaction of type I only the outer zone of the plagioclases reacts to more Abrich compositions. A diffuse zone with a wide range of compositions was observed in 650 ° C runs. Equilibrium could not be reached in these experiments within 45 days. At 800 ° C a new zone having a specific composition develops in 42 days. This new zone is believed to be in equilibrium with the coexisting alkali feldspar. The depth of reaction is calculated as 0.03 μm after 42 days (800 ° C, P f= 1 kb). The reaction between the two feldspar phases could be reversed at 800 ° C. The following compositions are considered to represent equilibrium data at 800 ° C and P t = 1 kb: An 43 Ab 51 Or 6 coexisting with Or 79 Ab 20 An 1, and An 40 Ab 54 Or 6 coexisting with Or 75 Ab 24 An 1. Recent data obtained with gels of ternary feldspar composition as starting materials do not agree with the results presented in this paper. Gels obviously crystallize spontaneously forming coexisting feldspars of non - equilibrium composition - alkali feldspars too rich in Ab and plagioclases too rich in An. 相似文献
17.
The structural state of an alkali feldspar is determined by the nature of the distribution of Al and Si in the tetrahedral sites of the feldspar structure. This state is a function of a number of genetic controls including temperature, cooling rate, deformation, crystal size, and several chemical factors. Together these controls constitute a genetic regime. Identification of the structures of detrital feldspars may enable recognition of genetic regimes and be useful in provenance interpretation and mineral province definition. A 2-peak method of X-ray diffraction (XRD) determination as a variant of an earlier proposed 3-peak method of structural state determination is used in this study. Total analytical time for each determination is about 50–55 min per grain. Results of structural state identification of 126 detrital feldspars from Holocene stream sands derived from volcanic, plutonic and metamorphic rocks are presented in order to illustrate the application and potential of the technique. Detrital feldspars from the metamorphic rocks are all maximum microcline; those from the plutons range from orthoclase to microcline depending on the age of the pluton, whereas those from the volcanic rocks are sanidines. 相似文献
18.
The equilibrium temperatures for coexisting plagioclase and potassium feldspar pairs have been calculated for various textural varieties of feldspar from 3 post-metamorphic granites from the Georgia Piedmont; the Danburg, Siloam, and Stone Mountain plutons. Assuming an intermediate structural state for the feldspars at time of equilibration, crystallization temperatures match those expected from experimental data for quartz monzonite magmas (650 to 780° C). The variations in solidus temperature, recorded in the feldspars, may be used to estimate relative differences in depth of intrusion. Sharp reversals in plagioclase compositional trends may be caused by isothermal decreases in confining pressure associated with upward migration through the crust. In fine grained and slowly cooled intrusions, albite tends to be lost from the alkali feldspar grains, and recrystallizes as separate unzoned grains of oligoclase, thus erasing the previous thermal history. Perthite exsolution and re-equilibration within the alkali feldspar grains appears to continue down to temperatures of 400° C or so, although the zoned plagioclase does not homogenize. The recrystallization associated with changes in structural state may facilitate exsolution within alkali feldspar grains. 相似文献
19.
Charge contrast imaging in the scanning electron microscope can provide new insights into the scale and composition of alkali
feldspar microtextures, and such information helps considerably with the interpretation of their geological histories and
results of argon isotope thermochronological analyses. The effectiveness of this technique has been illustrated using potassium-rich
alkali feldspars from the Dartmoor granite (UK). These feldspars contain strain-controlled lamellar crypto- and microperthites
that are cross-cut by strain-free deuteric microperthites. The constituent albite- and orthoclase-rich phases of both microperthite
generations can be readily distinguished by atomic number contrast imaging. The charge contrast results additionally show
that sub-micrometre-sized albite ‘platelets’ are commonplace between coarser exsolution lamellae and occur together to make
cryptoperthites. Furthermore, charge contrast imaging reveals that the orthoclase-rich feldspar is an intergrowth of two phases,
one that is featureless with uniform contrast and another that occurs as cross-cutting veins and grains with the {110} adularia
habit. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the featureless feldspar is tweed orthoclase, whereas the veins and euhedral
grains are composed of irregular microcline that has formed from orthoclase by ‘unzipping’ during deuteric or hydrothermal
alteration. The charge contrast imaging results are especially important in demonstrating that deuteric perthites are far
more abundant in alkali feldspars than would be concluded from investigations using conventional microscopy techniques. The
unexpected presence of such a high volume of replacement products has significant implications for understanding the origins
and geological histories of crustal rocks and the use of alkali feldspars in geo- and thermochronology. Whilst the precise
properties of feldspars that generate contrast remain unclear, the similarity between charge contrast images and corresponding
cathodoluminescence images of deuteric microperthites indicates that trace element chemistry and possibly also elastic strain
within the crystal play a major role. 相似文献
20.
Madhuparna Roy Pradeep Pandey Shailendra Kumar P S Parihar 《Journal of Earth System Science》2017,126(8):110
A concrete study combining optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry, was carried out on subsurface samples of basement granite and melt breccia from Mohar (Dhala) impact structure, Shivpuri district, Madhya Pradesh, India. Optical microscopy reveals aberrations in the optical properties of quartz and feldspar in the form of planar deformation feature-like structures, lowered birefringence and mosaics in quartz, toasting, planar fractures and ladder texture in alkali feldspar and near-isotropism in bytownite. It also brings to light incidence of parisite, a radioactive rare mineral in shocked granite. Raman spectral pattern, peak positions, peak widths and multiplicity of peak groups of all minerals, suggest subtle structural/crystallographic deviations. XRD data further reveals minute deviations of unit cell parameters of quartz, alkali feldspar and plagioclase, with respect to standard \({\upalpha }\)-quartz, high- and low albite and microcline. Reduced cell volumes in these minerals indicate compression due to pressure. The \(\hbox {c}_{0}/\hbox {a}_{0}\) values indicate an inter-tetrahedral angle roughly between \(120^{\mathrm{o}}\) and \(144^{\mathrm{o}}\), further pointing to a possible pressure maxima of around 12 GPa. The observed unit cell aberration of minerals may indicate an intermediate stage between crystalline and amorphous stages, thereby, signifying possible overprinting of decompression signatures over shock compression effects, from a shock recovery process. 相似文献