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《测绘科学技术学报》2020,(2)
近年来,防洪减灾的思路由"防御洪水"转向"洪水管理",基于地图的洪水风险信息沟通在洪水灾害风险管理中发挥着重要作用,洪水风险图符号是洪水风险信息表达和传输的最佳载体。近年来,"以人为本"的地图可用性研究成为地图研究的热点,从用户认知过程与认知影响因素出发,对洪水风险图符号可用性评价方法进行了研究。采用问卷调查、地图阅读任务评价法,按照定性到定量、由简到繁的思路客观、科学地评价洪水风险图地图符号可用性指标,并使用网络分析法计算洪水风险图可用性各因子的权重,进而对洪水风险图符号进行综合评价。最后基于React框架和Node.js构建Web端地图符号测试平台,实现对洪水风险图符号的可用性评价实验,以分析案例洪水风险图符号的可用性。 相似文献
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洪水风险图是针对未来有一定可能发生的洪水,对其演进路线、时间、淹没水深与范围,以及流速等数据进行预测,用来标识洪泛区内洪水可能遭受灾害的重要的防洪非工程措施。本文对黑龙江省重点地区洪水风险图编制项目中的关键技术和创新特点进行了总结与阐述。 相似文献
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洪水风险图是洪水管理的重要技术支撑,当洪水风险图的编制成果积累到一定程度时,面临着如何有效管理和共享应用的问题。文章在分析洪水风险图的数据特点以及在管理和应用上的功能与性能需求的基础上,采用面向服务思想的地理信息共享技术,设计了洪水风险图的管理与应用系统。该系统为洪水风险图空间数据和专题数据的有效管理和应用提供了信息交流和共享的平台,有利于洪水风险图编制和应用的推广。 相似文献
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当前洪水灾害场景三维可视化存在沉浸感差、移动性不足等问题。本文将移动虚拟现实（virtual reality,VR）与洪水灾害场景三维可视化相结合,提出了移动VR洪水灾害场景构建优化与交互方法。该方法首先提出了一种免插件B/S架构下的移动VR场景构建方案,然后从多样化场景数据组织、场景数据量优化控制及自适应调度对移动VR场景构建进行了优化,最后设计了基于凝视的洪水灾害场景漫游探索、信息交互查询等交互分析模式。通过构建试验平台并选择案例进行试验,证明本文方法能够有效支持在智能手机上进行洪水灾害场景流畅地沉浸式展示与交互探索分析。 相似文献
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针对洪水灾害分析在速度、准确性和及时性等方面的需求,该文在研究空间自相关分析的基础上,提出了一种基于局部自相关统计的洪水灾害影像分析方法。首先,对影像进行掩膜处理,去除云层干扰;其次,采用局部空间统计的方法对影像进行统计分析;然后,通过密度分割的方法提取水体,将影像分为水体和陆地两类;最后,将3幅影像分类的结果进行空间叠加分析,分析洪水灾害影响情况。以2013年嫩江流域3个时期的影像为实验数据,设计了仿真实验。实验结果表明,该方法可以较准确地对大面积洪水影响区域进行分析。 相似文献
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清江库区丹水撇洪渠边坡变形监测与变形分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
丹水撇洪渠属4级建筑物,能否安全运行关系到丹水及上游人民的生命和财产安全。撇洪渠运行几年来,两岸边坡已先后出现了多处拉裂缝。在该边坡治理过程中,对边坡进行了变形监测工作。通过监测,及时预报了左岸89m马道TP23处2004年8月22日凌晨1时左右的坡体滑塌,并对稳定性进行了分析。 相似文献
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利用HJ-1A/1B卫星CCD数据进行黄河凌汛监测,提出了基于主成分分析和决策树的冰凌提取方法。实验结果显示,利用HJ-1A/1B卫星CCD数据能有效地提取出黄河的冰凌范围,对黄河凌汛监测具有较大的应用潜力。 相似文献
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Stream flow forecast and its inundation simulations prior to the event are an effective and non-structural method of flood damage mitigation. In this paper, a continuous simulation hydrological and hydrodynamic model was developed for stream flow forecast and for spatial inundation simulation in Brahmani–Baitarani river basin, India. The hydrologic modelling approach includes rainfall-run-off modelling, flow routing, calibration and validation of the model with the field discharge data. CARTOSAT Digital Elevation Model of 30 m resolution, land use/land cover derived from the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS-P6) AWiFS and soil textural data of the study area were used in the modelling to compute topographic and hydraulic parameters. The hydrological model was calibrated with the help of field observed discharge data of 2006 and 2009 and validated with the data of 2008 and 2011. From the results, it is found that computed discharges are very well matching well with the observed discharges. The developed model can provide the stream flow forecast with more than 30 h lead time. Possible flood inundations were simulated using hydrodynamic modelling approach. CARTO Digital Elevation Model of 10 m resolution, landuse and the computed flood hydrographs were used in inundation simulations. 相似文献
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M. Coulibaly 《国际地球制图》2013,28(3):217-234
The geographical distribution of a flash flood's occurrence could be an important consideration in assessing its severity and social impacts. In this study, the spatial distribution of survey responses is analysed with respect to features such as the stream network (natural water path), the drainage network, buildings, and catchments. This provides information on both flash flood distribution causes in an urban setting and residents' perceptions of the hazard that would otherwise not be revealed. The study demonstrated the possibility of taking into account people's experience in detecting the location of potential flash flood hazards. It also illustrates the usefulness of GIS-supported spatial analysis of survey results in identifying factors that increase the occurrence of urban flash floods. 相似文献
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Mapping floods due to Hurricane Sandy using NPP VIIRS and ATMS data and geotagged Flickr imagery 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Donglian Sun Sanmei Li Wei Zheng Arie Croitoru Anthony Stefanidis Mitchell Goldberg 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2016,9(5):427-441
In this study, we present an approach to estimate the extent of large-scale coastal floods caused by Hurricane Sandy using passive optical and microwave remote sensing data. The approach estimates the water fraction from coarse-resolution VIIRS and ATMS data through mixed-pixel linear decomposition. Based on the water fraction difference, using the physical characteristics of water inundation in a basin, the flood map derived from the coarse-resolution VIIRS and ATMS measurements was extrapolated to a higher spatial resolution of 30 m using topographic information. It is found that flood map derived from VIIRS shows less inundated area than the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) flood map and the ground observations. The bias was mainly caused by the time difference in observations. This is because VIIRS can only detect flood under clear conditions, while we can only find some clear-sky data around the New York area on 4 November 2012, when most flooding water already receded. Meanwhile, microwave measurements can penetrate through clouds and sense surface water bodies under clear-or-cloudy conditions. We therefore developed a new method to derive flood maps from passive microwave ATMS observations. To evaluate the flood mapping method, the corresponding ground observations and the FEMA storm surge flooding (SSF) products are used. The results show there was good agreement between our ATMS and the FEMA SSF flood areas, with a correlation of 0.95. Furthermore, we compared our results to geotagged Flickr contributions reporting flooding, and found that 95% of these Flickr reports were distributed within the ATMS-derived flood area, supporting the argument that such crowd-generated content can be valuable for remote sensing operations. Overall, the methodology presented in this paper was able to produce high-quality and high-resolution flood maps over large-scale coastal areas. 相似文献
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研究城市雨洪风险问题,对提高城市洪涝灾害监测、预报的准确性,以及促进城市防洪决策制定具有重要的意义。鉴于高精度的城市三维模型可以提供丰富地理信息,便于准确分析淹没情况,本文针对当前城市洪涝模型对地形数据的高敏感性,且雨洪风险评估研究的准确性受限于地形数据精度的问题,提出利用无人机倾斜摄影测量技术重建高精度实景三维模型,并结合GIS的空间分析功能,以淹没深度为关键指标进行研究区的雨洪风险评估。通过提取不同重现期下研究区的淹没深度信息,进行可视化渲染实现三维淹没分析,可以直观地看到研究区的淹没情况,作为暴雨内涝风险管理依据,同时对城市规划布局有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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Swades Pal 《国际地球制图》2019,34(10):1055-1074
Punarbhaba river of Indo-Bangladesh has experienced hydro-ecological alteration after installation of Komardanga dam in 1992 and consequently wetland and inundation areas have undergone into transformation. The present work intends to explore the impact of flow attenuation on contemporary and upcoming flood extent and flood plain wetlands. In post-dam condition, average and maximum flows are attenuated by 36 and 41%, respectively, and as a result the active flood prone area is squeezed considerably by 39.72%. Average flood water depth is also reduced by 37.87% (4.45metre) after flow modification. Due to shrinkages of flood prone areas, wetland area is also reduced from 215.70 to 90.40 km2 and larger part of the present wetland area is under stress and critical state. Predicted flood prone areas in next 25 years will be 328.91 km2 and consequently 65.63 km2 wetland areas may further be under hydro-ecological threats. Release of ecological flow is essential to restore and preserve the wetland. 相似文献
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Chen Xiaoling 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(1):35-41
The coastal lowlands in northern Jiangsu Province, China, is characterized by low relief and low water surface gradient in streams. The flooding stages are commonly lower than the high-tide level and the tidal range is relatively small. All these factors prohibit rapid discharge of floodwater and make the flood regimes here extremely sensitive to the sea level rise. The 1991 Plum Rain was examined, when precipitation was significantly higher than normal. The one-dimensional open-channel non-conservative flow model was used to simulate the stream flow in the channel network of studied area. GIS technology was used to delineate the maximum in undated area by analyzing the DEMs. 相似文献