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1.
Late Mesozoic volcanic-subvolcanic rocks and related iron deposits, known as porphyry iron deposits in China, are widespread in the Ningwu ore district (Cretaceous basin) of the middle–lower Yangtze River polymetallic ore belt, East China. Two types of Late Mesozoic magmatic rocks are exposed: one is dioritic rocks closely related to iron mineralization as the hosted rock, and the other one is granodioritic (-granitic) rocks that cut the ore bodies. To understand the age of the iron mineralization and the ore-forming event, detailed zircon U-Pb dating and Hf isotope measurement were performed on granodioritic stocks in the Washan, Gaocun-Nanshan, Dongshan and Heshangqiao iron deposits in the basin. Four emplacement and crystallization (typically for zircons) ages of granodioritic rocks were measured as 126.1±0.5 Ma, 126.8±0.5 Ma, 127.3±0.5 Ma and 126.3±0.4 Ma, respectively in these four deposits, with the LA-MC-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb method. Based on the above results combined with previous dating, it is inferred that the iron deposits in the Ningwu Cretaceous basin occurred in a very short period of 131–127 Ma. In situ zircon Hf compositions of εHf(t) of the granodiorite are mainly from ?3 to ?8 and their corresponding 176Hf/177Hf ratio are from 0.28245 to 0.28265, indicating similar characteristics of dioritic rocks in the basin. We infer that granodioritic rocks occurring in the Ningwu ore district have an original relationship with dioritic rocks. These new results provide significant evidence for further study of this ore district so as to understand the ore-forming event in the study area.  相似文献   

2.
The west sector of the northern Qilian Mountains is well-known for the Jingtieshan-type iron deposits. A new breakthrough has been made in prospecting for gold and copper in recent years. In this paper, the distribution characteristics of ore deposits in the study area are discussed from the viewpoint of tectonic evolution. It is suggested that there are 9 stages of mineralization from the Palaeoproterozoic to Indosinian. Four minerogenetic series and two minerogenetic subseries of ore deposits are recognized. Iron mineralization occurred in several stages, while most of the metals were accumulated in large amounts in the Caledonian. The enrichment and mineralization of gold is related to large-scale shear-strike-slip faults and the ascent and unloading of deep-seated fluids.  相似文献   

3.
Alkali-metasomatism and/or alkali-metasomatites are commonly recognized in different types of endogenic iron deposit,especially in the contact-metasomatic and porphyrite types in China.Alkali-metasomatites occur at the bottom of the mineralized alteration zone,in the marginal facies of the metallogenetic magmatic masses adiacent to iron ore bodies.They are approximately consistent with the attitudes of the ore bodies.As a result of alkali-metasomatism,great changes have taken place in the source rocks,producing distinet alteration zones with the color becoming lighter and lighter upwards and outwards.The alkali-metesomatic solntion is a kind of pneumato-hydrothermal solution rich in Cl,Si and alkalis.Its main components are alkalis and volatiles(dominantly H2O and Cl).The alkalis are closely related to magmatie source and its subsequent differentiation,while H2O is derived mainly from meteoric waters absorbed by the magma and Cl mainly from magma-mesitized gypsum-salt strata(including ground brines).In essence,alkali-metasomatism is the continuation of magmatic evolution and also an auto-metamorphism within the metallogenetic masses,i.e.,a complex ion-exchange reaction under certain physico-chemical conditions.The whole process of alkali-metasomatism can generally be divided into the Na^ -,Ca^2 -and Na^ -replacement stages.In the Ca^2 -replacement stage iron was largely separated from the source rocks.Alkali-metasomatism and the formation of iron ore deposits are two different forms of expression with respect to the same magmatic process,and both are controlled by and genetically related to magmatism,as is indicated by the facts that some of the oreforming materials are products of the de-iron process during alkali-metasomatism and that alkalis and volatiles have played an active role in the formation of iron and differential fusion of silicate melt.  相似文献   

4.
Abstract: The metamorphosed sedimentary type of iron deposits (BIF) is the most important type of iron deposits in the world, and super-large iron ore clusters of this type include the Quadrilatero Ferrifero district and Carajas in Brazil, Hamersley in Australia, Kursk in Russia, Central Province of India and Anshan-Benxi in China. Subordinated types of iron deposits are magmatic, volcanic-hosted and sedimentary ones. This paper briefly introduces the geological characteristics of major super-large iron ore clusters in the world. The proven reserves of iron ores in China are relatively abundant, but they are mainly low-grade ores. Moreover, a considerate part of iron ores are difficult to utilize for their difficult ore dressing, deep burial or other reasons. Iron ore deposits are relatively concentrated in 11 metallogenic provinces (belts), such as the Anshan-Benxi, eastern Hebei, Xichang-Central Yunnan Province and middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River. The main minerogenetic epoches vary widely from the Archean to Quaternary, and are mainly the Late Archean to Middle Proterozoic, Variscan, and Yanshanian periods. The main 7 genetic types of iron deposits in China are metamorphosed sedimentary type (BIF), magmatic type, volcanic-hosted type, skarn type, hydrothermal type, sedimentary type and weathered leaching type. The iron-rich ores occur predominantly in the skarn and marine volcanic-hosted iron deposits, locally in the metamorphosed sedimentary type (BIF) as hydrothermal reformation products. The theory of minerogenetic series of mineral deposits and minerogenic models has applied in investigation and prospecting of iron ore deposits. A combination of deep analyses of aeromagnetic anomalies and geomagnetic anomalies, with gravity anomalies are an effective method to seeking large and deep-buried iron deposits. China has a relatively great ore-searching potential of iron ores, especially for metamorphosed sedimentary, skarn, and marine volcanic-hosted iron deposits. For the lower guarantee degree of iron and steel industry, China should give a trading and open the foreign mining markets.  相似文献   

5.
The Beizhan large iron deposit located in the east part of the Awulale metallogenic belt in the western Tianshan Mountains is hosted in the Unit 2 of the Dahalajunshan Formation as lens, veinlets and stratoid, and both of the hanging wall and footwall are quartz-monzonite; the dip is to the north with thick and high-grade ore bodies downwards. Ore minerals are mainly magnetite with minor sulfides, such as pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite. Skarnization is widespread around the ore bodies, and garnet, diopside, wollastonite, actinolite, epidote, uralite, tourmaline sericite and calcite are ubiquitous as gangues. Radiating outwards from the center of the ore body the deposit can be classified into skarn, calcite, serpentinite and marble zones. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of the rhyolite and dacite from the Dahalajunshan Formation indicates that they were formed at 301.3±0.8 Ma and 303.7±0.9 Ma, respectively, which might have been related to the continental arc magmatism during the late stage of subduction in the western Tianshan Mountains. Iron formation is genetically related with volcanic eruption during this interval. The Dahalajunshan Formation and the quartz-monzonite intrusion jointly control the distribution of ore bodies. Both ore textures and wall rock alteration indicate that the Beizhan iron deposit is probably skarn type.  相似文献   

6.
Presented in this paper is an approach to the analysis of “series-stage“division.The processes of hydrothermal evolution involved in ore deposition,the factors affecting the enrichment of uranium and the source of ore forming elements in uranium deposit 720 are also discussed .In addition,the ore-forming tem-perature and pressure as well as the pH,Eh and chemical composition of ore-forming medium are studied with reference to the fluid inclusion data available.A double solution-mixing model has been proposed to explain the genesis of the uranium deposit studied.  相似文献   

7.
碱交代与铁矿形成的地球化学机理探讨   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  
Discussions are given to the processes of albitization and iron activation during the formation of iron deposits, the transportation and hydrolysis of iron, chemical reactions characteristic of wall rock alteration responsible for the localization of iron deposits, the dynamic factors affecting these reactions as well as the systematic pH variation of ore forming solutions. A metasomatic series of Na→Ca→Fe is noticed when diorite and dark minerals anorthite quartz are reacted with 1--3N NaCl solution at 400-500℃。Hydrolysis of FeCl3 is experimentally studied as a function of temperature and pressure.The authors suggest that the pH of ore forming solution varies in the direction of alkalic→ intermediate→acid→intermediate→alkalic from eariler to later stages.  相似文献   

8.
Based on comprehensive petrological, geochronological, and geochemical studies, this study analyzed the relationships between the Beiya gold-polymetallic skarn deposit and quartz syenite porphyries, and discussed the source(s) and evolution of magmas. Our results suggest that syenite porphyries (i.e. the Wandongshan, the Dashadi, and the Hongnitang porphyries), which formed between the Eocene and the early Oligocene epochs, are the sources for the gold-polymetallic ores at the Beiya deposit. Carbonate rocks (T2b) of the Triassic Beiya Formation in the ore district provide favorable host space for deposit formation. Fold and fault structures collectively play an important role in ore formation. The contact zone between the porphyries and carbonates, the structurally fractured zone of carbonate and clastic rocks, and the zone with well-developed fractures are the ideal locations for ore bodies. Four types of mineralization have been recognized: 1) porphyry-style stockwork gold–iron (copper) ore, 2) skarn-style gold-iron (copper and lead) ore in the near contact zone, 3) strata-bound, lense-type lead–silver–gold ore in the outer contact zone, and 4) distal vein-type gold–lead–silver ore. Supergene processes led to the formation of oxide ore, such as the weathered and accumulated gold–iron ore, the strata-bound fracture oxide ore, and the structure-controlled vein-type ore. Most of these ore deposits are distributed along the axis of the depressed basin, with the hypogene ore controlling the shape and characteristics of the oxide ore. This study provides critical geology understanding for mineral prospecting scenarios.  相似文献   

9.
大厂花岗岩年龄及成矿时代   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The Dachang tin ore fields is one of the largest in China, where eassiterite-sulphide-type ore deposits occur. The ages of Dachang granites which are closely related to the ore deposits are discussed in this paper. Based on sixteen K-At biotite and one U-Pb zircon ages, it is suggested that Dachang granites were formed at 72--102 m.y.The cooling rates of Dachang granites have been estimated at 18.4℃/m.y. in the arly, 13.3℃/m.y. in the middle, and 4.5℃/m.y. in the late period.  相似文献   

10.
Trachytic rock and its altered rock-fenite-in the Bayan Obo ore district, Inner Mongolia, China, were referred to as slate or feldspar rock before, and identified by the authors for the first time (in 1992). In the paper the mineral assemblages, structures and textures and petrochemical compositions of the rocks, as well as the electron microprobe analysis of feldspars in the rocks are described. The Sm-Nd isochron age of the trachytic rock is 1096±56 Ma, with INd=0.51100+4 (2σ) and εNd(t)= -4.4±0.7. Alterations of the trachytic rock, including microclinization, riebeckitization, aegirinization and biotitization, and accompanied rare element and REE mineralizations are discussed. Based on the occurrence of the trachytic rock and associated fenitization it is deduced that the Bayan Obo Fe-Nb-REE ore deposit is genetically related to magmatic-hydrothermal activity of an alkali carbonatite complex.  相似文献   

11.
The nickel deposits mainly distributed in 19 provinces and autonomous regions in China are 339 ore deposits/occurrences, including 4 super large-scale deposits, 14 large-scale deposits, 26 middle-scale deposits, 75 small-scale deposits, and 220 mineralized occurrences. The prediction types of mineral resources of nickel deposits are magmatic type, marine sedimentary type and regolith type. The formation age is from the Neoarchean to the Cenozoic with two peaks in the Neoproterozoic and the late Paleozoic. The nickel deposits formed in the Neoproterozoic are located on the margin of the North China Block and Yangtze Block, and those formed in the late Paleozoic are mainly distributed in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), Emeishan and the Tarim Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs). Magmatic nickel deposits are mainly related with broken-up continental margin, post-collision extension of the orogenic belt and mantle plume. According to different tectonic backgrounds and main characteristics of magmatism, the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series types of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks can be divided into 4 subtypes: (1) the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in the broken-up continental margin, (2) the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in mantle plume magmatism, (3) the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in the subduction of the orogenic belt, and (4) the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in post-collision extension of the orogenic belt. We have discussed in this paper the typical characteristics and metallogenic models for Neoproterozoic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits related with broken-up continental margin, Cambrian marine sedimentary Ni-Mo-V deposits related with black shale, early Permian Ni-Cu deposits related with post-collision extension of the orogenic belt, late Permian Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits related with Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs), and Cenozoic Ni-Au deposits related with regolith. The broken-up continental margin, mantle plume and post-collision extension of the orogenic belt are important ore-forming geological backgrounds, and the discordogenic fault, mafic-ultramafic intrusion, high MgO primitive magma (high-MgO basaltic magma), deep magmatism, sulfur saturation and sulfide segregation are 6 important geological conditions for the magmatic nickel deposits.  相似文献   

12.
The paper deals with the metallogenic conditions and regularities of the region ol the lower-middle reachesof the Changjiang River in China. The complicated structural network with the Changjiang (Yangtse) deepfracture as its trunk is the leading rock-and ore-controlling structure of the metallogenic belt. Thehigh-potassium granodiorites of the first magmatic sequence of the Mesozoic Yangtse syntexis type and thesodium-rich diorites of the second sequence are genetically related to the copper ore series and the iron ore se-ries respectively. and occur respectively in the block-faulted and-folded uplift area and the down-faulted vol-canic basin as well as the transitional zone between the two. The ore-hosting horizons show specific associa-tions of rocks and often contain ore beds basically of stratabound nature.  相似文献   

13.
试论稀土铁建造   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
Geological and geochemical characteristics of REE iron formation, a term proposed by Prof. Tu Kuang-chih to specify a special type of Precambrian iron formation rich in REE, are discussed in this paper with special reference to its REE contents, REE distribution patterns, model of formation, the relationship between its development and the multistage evolution of terrestrial crust in China, and its role as an indicator of oxidation status for ancient atmosphere. Major conclusions are as follows: (1) REE iron formation is characterized by high REE concentrations as opposed to very low REE level in normal Precambrian iron formations. (2) REE iron formation was resulted from marine sedimentary-diagenetic process in miogeosyncline or intermediate regions during Proterozoic Era. To some extent,volcanic activity may be responsible for the deposition of ore-forming materials. In a broader sense, it belongs to Fe-bearing dolomite formation. On most REE iron formations there may be later mineralizations such as hydrothermo-metasomatisn, migmatitization and metamorphism superimposed. Generally, REE iron formations share common fundamental features with stratabound ore deposits. (3) It is similar to Precambrian iron formation in the enrichment of light REE.But, the degree to LREE is enriched in REE iron formation is noticed to increase with the increase of total REE eontent. Most REE iron formations are characterized hy the high ratios of ∑Ce/∑Y, Mg Fe/Ca, Na/K, Nb/Ta, Zr/Hf, Th/U, Ba/Sr, and etc. (4) The widespread occurrence of REE iron formation indicates a higher REE abundance in terrestrial crust of China and adds further support to the multistage theory regarding the chemical element evolution and differentiation in the terrestrial crust of China. (5) Preliminary data seem to support the time dependence of REE pattern and relative Eu content,  相似文献   

14.
辽宁鞍本地区弓长岭型富铁矿成矿的垂直分带   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
张湖 《地球化学》1982,(3):260-269
The high-grade iron deposits of the Gongchangling type occur in the Archaeozoic Anshan Group of this region and are classified as stratabound deposits. They underwent stages of sedimentation, regional metamorphism, and hydrothermal enrichment during the course of formation. Hydrothermal enrichment is notable in the vertical zoning pattern, i.e., from the bottom upwards, zone A hlgh-grade magnetite ore; zone B low-grade magnetite ore; zone C transition zone between hematite and magnetite ore ; zone D low-grads hematite ore ; zone E alterated cover. Through the vertical profile of the orebody, regular variations can be recognized in iron concentration, in the characteristics of country rock alteration, the ore-controlling structure and the properties of the hydrothermal ore-forming fluids. A two-fold source, deep hot brines and shallow thermal groundwater, is suggested for the origin of the ore-formlng hydrothermal fluids. The two fluids, mixed in varying proportions, are responsible for the various geochemical reactions during the course of ascending, exerting controls on the iron content of ore and the pattern of vertical zonation. A better understanding of the vertical zonation is expected to shed light on the exploration for such type of ore deposits.  相似文献   

15.
<正>Objective The Makeng-type iron deposits are located in Late Paleozoic depression of southwest Fujian Province in the southeast edge of Cathaysia,which are famous for their huge scale and specific ore genesis.Previous studies mainly focus on the ore characteristics,metallogenic setting and the granites in the mining area,and there is still controversy on the ore genesis.Recent research has  相似文献   

16.
1.Objective Skarn iron ore deposit is the principal source of highgrade iron reserves in China,contributing about 11% of the national iron reserves and about 60% of the high-grade iron reserves.Therefore,the study of typical skarn iron ore deposits will provide a better understanding of the formation and exploration of high-grade iron deposits in China.The Luxi area is one of the most representative and important skarn iron ore fields in China.  相似文献   

17.
Silicate perovskites((Mg, Fe)SiO 3 and CaS iO 3) are believed to be the major constituent minerals in the lower mantle. The phase relation, solid solution, spin state of iron and water solubility related to the lower mantle perovskite are of great effect on the geodynamics of the Earth's interior and on ore mineralization. Previous studies indicate that a large amount of iron coupled with aluminum can incorporate into magnesium perovskite, but this is discordant with the disproportionation of(Mg,Fe)SiO 3 perovskite into iron-free MgS i O3 perovskite and hexagonal phase(Mg0.6Fe0.4)SiO 3 in the Earth's lower mantle. MnS iO 3 is the first chemical component confirmed to form wide range solid solution with Ca SiO 3 perovskite and complete solid solution with MgS i O3 perovskite at the P-T conditions in the lower mantle, and addition of Mn Si O3 will strongly affects the mutual solubility between Mg Si O3 and CaS iO 3. The spin state of iron is deeply depends on the site occupation of the Fe3+or Fe2+, the synthesis and the annealing conditions of the sample. It seems that the spin state of Fe2+ in the lower mantle perovskite can be settled as high spin, however, the existence of intermediate spin or low spin state of Fe2+ in perovskite has not been clarified. Moreover, different results have also been reported for the spin state of Fe3+ in perovskite. The water solubility of the lower mantle perovskite is related with its composition. In pure Mg SiO 3 perovskite, only less than 500 ppm water was reported. Al–Mg Si O3 perovskite or Al–Fe–MgS iO 3 perovskite in the lower mantle accommodates water of 1100 to 1800 ppm. Further experiments are necessary to clarify the detailed conditions for perovskite solid solution, to reliably analyze the valence and spin states of iron in the coexisting iron-bearing phases, and to compare the water solubility of different phases at different layers for deeply understanding the geodynamics of the Earth's interior and ore mineralization.  相似文献   

18.
There are two main types of iron deposits in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Valley district.Both of them underwent post-magmatic hydrothermal processes during ore formation.Iron in the hydrothermal ore bodies was derived largely through mobilization from substantially consolidated diroitic intrusives.Wall-roch alteration zonation indicates that iron-mobilizing hydrothermal fluids evolved in a trend of decreasing alkalinity,which is suggested by regularly distributed wall-rock alterations formed by iron-mobilizing hydrothermal fluids and is in contradiction with the current chloride,chloride complex and bicarbonate models for iron mobilization.The close association of carbonatization with iron ores and the high concentrations of reduced gases such as CO,CH4 and H2 in fluid inclusions suggest that iron is most probably transported in the form of iron carbonyls during post-magmatic hydrothermal processes. In the light of the iron carbonyl mobilization model,explanations are made of the constraints on ores of some geologic factors such as melanocratic alteration,carbonatization,carbonate strata,structural fractures,cyptoexplosive pipes and embryo ores.  相似文献   

19.
The Dongfengnanshan Cu polymetallic deposit is one representative deposit of the Tianbaoshan ore district in the Yanbian area, northeast(NE) China. There occur two types of ore bodies in this deposit, the stratiform ore bodies and veintype ones, controlled by the Early Permian strata and the Late Hercynian diorite intrusion, respectively. Due to the ambiguous genetic type of the stratiform ore bodies, there has been controversy on the relationship between them and veintype ore bodies. To determine the genetic type of stratiform ore bodies, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS) in situ trace elements and S–Pb isotope analysis have been carried on the sulfides in the stratiform ore bodies. Compared with that in skarn, Mississippi Valley-type(MVT), and epithermal deposits, sphalerite samples in the stratiform ore bodies of the Dongfengnanshan deposit are significantly enriched in Fe, Mn, and In, while depleted in Ga, Ge, and Cd, which is similar to the sphalerite in volcanic-associated massive sulfide(VMS) deposits. Co/Ni ratio of pyrrhotites in the stratiform ore bodies is similar to that in VMS-type deposits. The concentrations of Zn and Cd of chalcopyrites are similar to those of recrystallized VMS-type deposits. These characteristics also reflect the intermediate ore-forming temperature of the stratiform ore bodies in this deposit. Sulfur isotope compositions of sulfides are similar to those of VMS-type deposits, reflecting that sulfur originated from the Permian Miaoling Formation. Lead isotope compositions indicate mixed-source for lead. Moreover, the comparison of the Dongfengnanshan stratiform ore bodies with some VMStype deposits in China and abroad, on the trace elements and S–Pb isotope characteristics of the sulfides reveals that the stratiform ore bodies of the Dongfengnanshan deposit belong to the VMS-type, and have closely genetic relationship with the early Permian marine volcanic sedimentary rocks.  相似文献   

20.
Concentrations and compositions of rare earth elements (REE) in three micronodule fractions (50–250, 250–500, and >500 μm), coexisting macronodules, and host sediments are examined. The samples were collected from three sites (Guatemala Basin, Peru Basin, and northern equatorial Pacific) located in elevated bioproductivity zones of the surficial water. The influence of micronodule size is dominant for REE compositions and subordinate for REE concentrations. For example, the Ce concentration inversely correlates with the micronodule fraction dimension and drops to the lowest value in macronodules and host sediments. The Ce decrease is generally accompanied by the Mn/Fe increase in micro- and macronodules. Hence, the role of diagenetic source of material directly correlates with the micronodule dimension. The contribution of diagenetic source is maximal for macronodules. The REE signature distinctions of micronodules and macronodules can be attributed to variations of hydrogenic iron oxyhydroxides and diagenetic (hydrothermal) iron hydroxophosphates that are the major REE carriers in ferromanganese ore deposits. The relationship and general trend in the chemistry of coexisting macronodules suggest that they can represent products of the initial stage of nodule formation.  相似文献   

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