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A sequential waveform method is developed to simulate the seismic response of basin-edge structure excited by a plane incident P-wave. The full procedure involves: (a) a previous parameterization of the investigated model using the seismic wave velocities and depths of the sedimentary stratifications; (b) an input motion determined from the records at stations installed on hard rock; (c) forward computation of the P-SV elastic wave field by means of a two-dimensional finite difference (FD) method; (d) the optimization of the model vector using simulated annealing technique and comparing the simulated seismic response of the tested structure with the observed wave field; (e) the correction of the initial model by trial-and-error by testing the differences between synthetics and observed data, and (f) the final solution obtained by iteration using the conjugate gradient algorithm. The search of an optimal basin-edge model has been parallel processed by varying the shapes and velocities of strata on the basis of the fitting of relative timing, amplitude and phase between the output and the observed data. The input motion and sensitivity have been checked and the validity of the method has been demonstrated by numeric analysis. Using the teleseismic records generated by 7 earthquakes recorded at 26 broadband seismic stations, we have studied the seismic velocity structure of the southern edge of the Jiyang depression located in the Bohai Bay basin, northern China. Two cross sections show an agreement between the velocity results and the geological sections available in the region. In addition, we obtain evidence of three hidden faults under the sections and features that suggest major extensions at the Paleogene. 相似文献
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This paper presents the three most important aspects of seismic microzonation namely prediction of fundamental frequency (F 0) of soil deposit, aggravation factor (aggravation factor is simply the extra spectral amplification due to complex 2D site effects over the 1D response of the soil column) and the spatial variability of the ground motion caused by the basin-edge induced Love waves. The predicted F 0 of single, double and three-soil-layered models revealed that the available empirical relations to predict the F 0 of layered soil deposits are inadequate. We recommend the use of analytical or numerical methods to predict such an important parameter based on wave propagation effects. An increase of amplitude of Love wave, strain level and average aggravation factor (AAF) with increase of impedance contrast was obtained. Based on the trend of rate of decrease of AAF and maximum strain with offset from the basin-edge, we can qualitatively infer that the effects of induced Love wave may reduce to a negligible value after a traveled distance of 6.5–10.0 λ F (where λ F is the wavelength corresponding to the F 0 of soil layer). The obtained increase of strain level with the decrease of distance between two receiver points used for the computation of strain reflects that structures having spatial extent smaller than the λ F may suffer damage due to the basin-edge induced surface waves. The fast rate of decrease of strain with the offset from the strong lateral discontinuity (SLD)/basin-edge may be attributed to the dispersive nature of Love wave. We can incorporate the increased spectral amplification due to the induced surface waves in the form of aggravation factor but till date we have no effective way to incorporate the effects of developed strain by induced surface waves in seismic microzonation or in building codes. 相似文献
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针对基岩明显起伏、土层非均匀分布的典型河口盆地场地,考虑土体非线性特征,采用黏弹性人工边界模拟无限域对地震波动的影响,建立大尺度精细化二维有限元模型,分析了盆地地表地震动幅值、频谱、持时、传递函数特征,探讨了基岩起伏土层的地震动聚集效应及盆地边缘效应。结果表明：（1）盆地近地表土层表现出不同程度的地震动放大效应,且随土层深度增加呈非单调递减特征,基岩突变处地震动聚集效应明显,盆地两侧产生较为显著的边缘效应;场地中、长周期地震动的放大作用显著;（2）多遇地震、偶遇地震和罕遇地震水平时,场地卓越周期依次介于0.35～0.65 s、0.40～0.75 s和0.50～1.05 s之间;给出了盆地地表PGA（地表峰值加速度）、卓越周期均值等值线图及地表加速度反应谱放大因子建议值,地表设计地震动参数amax（地震影响系数）与Tg（特征周期）明显大于现行《建筑抗震设计规范》取值;（3）盆地特殊位置地表地震动持时得到不同幅度增长,且与输入地震动特性相关;（4）该盆地对0.5～2.0 Hz频段基岩地震动的放大效应比较显著,对小于0.2 Hz或大于2.5 Hz的基岩地震动,该盆地地震动放大效应不明显;（5）福州城区及其邻近区域地震动放大效应普遍较大。大尺度二维非线性分析一定程度上能合理反映微地形起伏、土层分布及土体非线性对地震波传播过程的影响。 相似文献
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Contribution of shallow groundwater rapid fluctuation to soil salinization under arid and semiarid climate 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Mohamed Khaled Ibrahimi Tsuyoshi Miyazaki Taku Nishimura Hiromi Imoto 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(9):3901-3911
Rising saline shallow groundwater and associated soil salinization problems are widespread especially in arid and semiarid areas. There have been numerous studies on groundwater-associated salinity, but more information is required on the effects of groundwater frequent and high fluctuations on soil salinization. In the present study, laboratory experiments and numerical simulations using HYDRUS-1D model were carried out for this purpose. The experimental and modeling results showed that groundwater fluctuation caused not only the accumulation of more salt in the soil profile compared to stable groundwater, but also an enhancement of the mechanism. Water table fluctuation induced a much greater spreading of the bromide (Br) tracer within the column than the constant water table. The Br content was on average five orders of magnitude greater under a fluctuating water table than under a constant one. Further, the numerical simulations showed that an increase in the groundwater fluctuation frequency brought about an increase in soil surface salinization under the same evaporation boundary conditions. Additional simulations with HYDRUS-1D were used to study the effects of various management strategies on soil salinization induced by shallow groundwater. Hence, by reducing the evaporation rate through the application of surface mulching, a significant reduction of salt concentration at the soil surface was observed. Moreover, frequent irrigations with small quantities were effective to reduce soil surface salt accumulation induced by saline shallow groundwater. 相似文献
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Sivas Basin is the easternmost and third largest basin of the Central Anatolian Basins. In this study, gravity, aeromagnetic and seismic data are used to investigate the deep structure of the Sivas Basin, together with the well seismic velocity data, geological observations from the surface and the borehole data of the Celalli-1 well. Basement depth is modeled three-dimensionally (3D) using the gravity anomalies, and 2D gravity and magnetic models were constructed along with a N–S trending profile. Densities of the rock samples were obtained from the distinct parts of the basin surface and in-situ susceptibilities were also measured and evaluated in comparison with the other geophysical and geological data. Additionally, seismic sections, in spite of their low resolution, were used to define the velocity variation in the basin in order to compare depth values and geological cross-section obtained from the modeling studies. Deepest parts of the basin (12–13 km), determined from the 3D model, are located below the settlement of Hafik and to the south of Zara towns. Geometry, extension and wideness of the basin, together with the thickness and lithologies of the sedimentary units are reasonably appropriate for further hydrocarbon exploration in the Sivas Basin that is still an unexplored area with the limited number of seismic lines and only one borehole. 相似文献
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Koji Fujima 《Natural Hazards》2006,39(2):179-193
The hybrid numerical model had been developed to simulate a complicated 3D flow around structures generated by tsunami. In
the model, the conventional 2D model is adopted for the wide region far from structures and the 3D non-hydrostatic pressure
model is used in the limited region adjacent to structures. The applicability of the model is shown by comparisons of the
numerical results with the experimental results of the laboratory model tests and the numerical analysis results of the conventional
whole 2D simulation. In addition, the effect of a submerged structure at the opening of a breakwater is discussed from the
numerical simulations by the hybrid model. The submerged structure improves the stability of the rubble mound and reduces
the tsunami inflow into the bay, while it increases the water surface velocity around the opening of the breakwater. The increase
of surface velocity causes the increases of impulsive forces by collision with drafts and so on. 相似文献
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三维土工网垫植草护坡防坡面径流冲刷的机制分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于水力学和河流动力学的基本原理,利用坡面糙率和拦污栅模型分别模拟三维土工网垫和坡面植被作用,建立了三维土工网垫和坡面植被引起的坡面沿程水头损失和径流局部水头损失计算式,并建立三维土工网垫植草护坡时坡面径流速度计算表达式,将颗粒启动速度引入分析坡面土颗粒流失初始的启动流速,进而通过坡脚流速和坡面土颗粒启动流速的对比分析和通过分析坡角、植株密度、网垫和植被类型对坡脚流速的影响来研究三维土工网垫植草护坡的防径流冲刷特性。结果表明,坡脚流速随坡角增大而增大;网垫类型对坡脚流速影响不明显,但同无护坡时相比网垫能显著降低坡脚流速;坡脚流速随植株和叶部倾角增加而变小,且随植株密度增大而减少,并在考虑不同边坡土质的颗粒启动速度与坡脚流速相等时计算得到护坡所需的植株最小密度。 相似文献
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通过现场大型模拟试验和数值(FLAC3D)模拟,研究了黄土滑坡中微型桩滑坡推力及桩后土体抗力分布规律。综合试验结果及数值分析认为:滑坡推力在微型桩上的分布形式可近似认为为三角形,推力在滑面处达到最大值;滑坡推力在五排桩上的分配系数为:0.279,0.195,0.189,0.161,0.176;桩后土体抗力与滑坡推力变化趋势相对应,在滑面附近达到最大值;根据实测值绘出微型桩P-y曲线,并拟合出相应公式,其成果可为微型桩变形破坏机理分析提供基础资料,为微型桩设计提供参考。 相似文献
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复杂矿区三维地质可视化及数值模型构建 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
复杂三维地质可视化和数值模型的构建是采矿、岩土及水利水电工程中常常遇到的关键问题。针对数值模拟软件在复杂矿区地质体模型构建及单元网格划分等前处理问题上存在的不直观、工作量大等缺点,结合矿业软件在复杂三维地质体建模的强大优势,在研究线框模型和块体模型差异的基础上,提出了基于线框模型的复杂矿区三维地质可视化及数值模型构建技术。根据线框模型特点不同,以地表和采空区模型为型,分别阐述了基于Surpac的表面模型和实体模型无缝转换成MIDAS/GTS数值模型的有效方法,并将该技术成功应用于冬瓜山铜矿复杂采空区群围岩稳定性研究中。结果表明,该方法是可行、有效的,从而为矿山开采设计、安全分析及复杂地质体结构的岩土工程数值模拟分析提供了一种新的建模方法。 相似文献
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饱和土体中空沟对移动荷载被动隔振的 2.5D边界元法分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据饱和土Biot理论及移动荷载特性,采用积分变换方法,推导了半无限饱和土体频域-波数内的边界积分方程,讨论了2.5D边界积分方程中Cauchy的奇异性,并分析了空沟对移动荷载引起饱和土体振动的被动隔振效果。通过与已知文献结果比较,验证了算法的正确性。数值结果表明,采用2.5D BEM不仅可以解决具有复杂表面的移动荷载作用下动力响应问题,而且可极大减小计算工作量。对于饱和土体受高速移动荷载作用,空沟更能有效减小土体孔压、竖向位移的振幅;当荷载速度较小时,空沟对土体表面的水平向位移几乎不起衰减作用,甚至有放大效应。另外,随空沟距振源的距离增大,空沟能够更好阻隔土体表面波传播。 相似文献
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真实地质体三维数值模型构建是进行岩体工程数值分析面临的难题,开展大型复杂地质体三维数值模型构建方法比较研究具有重要意义。以3DMine数字化模型为基础,提出了3DMine-FLAC3D耦合建模方法和3DMine-Surfer-Rhino- ANSYS-FLAC3D多软件耦合建模方法,详细阐述了各建模方法具体步骤,深入分析了各建模方法优缺点及适用性,通过对比各建模方法的优势与短板,取长补短,改进了3DMine-FLAC3D耦合建模方法存在的缺陷,解决了复杂地质体三维数值模型构建难题。以广西铜坑矿锌多金属矿体开采为背景,利用大型复杂地质体三维数值建模方法,构建了锌多金属矿三维数值模型,分析了矿体上行开采地表沉陷规律。研究成果对准确构建大型复杂地质体三维数值模型具有重要指导作用。 相似文献
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为了识别胶莱盆地海阳凹陷在南黄海地区的东部延伸边界,利用穿越南黄海的OBS2013-SYS深地震测线开展2D速度结构模拟,在测线NW方向位于千里岩隆起带的OBS（海底地震仪）站位均观察到了折合走时突然增加的现象。速度结构模型显示胶莱盆地东侧海阳凹陷附近海域存在明显的低速沉积层增厚现象,模型自OBS06站位向NW方向,沉积层厚度由小于1.0 km显著增厚至2.5 km左右,推测该处为胶莱盆地海阳凹陷的东部边界断裂。结合前人在海阳凹陷识别出的控盆断裂进行分析,厘定了海阳凹陷在海区大体的构造边界和沉积中心,认为胶莱盆地东部控盆断裂可能延伸至连云港-石岛断裂一线,与嘉山-响水-千里岩断裂构成千里岩隆起带南北边界断裂带的一部分。海阳凹陷沉降中心可能位于南黄海海区连云港-石岛断裂北侧海阳凹陷的NE方向,发育的厚层白垩系可能存在较好的油气前景。 相似文献
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This paper presents a numerical formulation of a three dimensional embedded beam element for the modeling of piles, which incorporates an explicit interaction surface between soil and pile. The formulation is herein implemented for lateral loading of piles but is able to represent soil–pile interaction phenomena in a general manner for different types of loading conditions or ground movements. The model assumes perfect adherence between beam and soil along the interaction surface. The paper presents a comparison of the results obtained by means of the present formulation and by means of a previously formulated embedded pile element without interaction surface, as well as reference semi‐analytical solutions and a fully 3D finite element (FE) model. It is seen that the proposed embedded element provides a better convergence behavior than a previously formulated embedded element and is able to reproduce key features of a full 3D FE model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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基于FLAC3D的复杂地貌三维地质建模 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对复杂地貌和地质构造条件下数值模拟的建模问题,基于FLAC3D平台提出了从局部到整体的建模思想,采用Brick单元和Tetrahedron单元通过编程生成复杂地貌条件下的三维地质体模型。利用趋势面分析法拟合出层状连续地质体,将其定义为不同的"群",建立了多层状三维地质体结构模型。采用interface界面模拟出了断层面,并与趋势面相结合,构建了断层上下盘中的地层。认为通过数学分析结合计算机编程,可以实现直接在FLAC3D中进行复杂地貌和地质构造条件下的地质体建模。 相似文献
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The Qinghai Gonghe-Guide Basin together with the alternatively distributed mountainous region shows characteristics that the conductive geothermal resource of the basin has high geothermal gradient, the granite occurs in the bottom of borehole for geothermal exploration, and the convective hot springs in the basin-edge uplift fracture are in zonal distribution and with high-temperature geothermal water. There are still some divergences about the heat source mechanism of the basin. In this paper, queries to the view of mantle-derived heat source have been put forward, coming up with geochemical evidences to prove that the radiogenic heat of granite is the heat source within the mantle. Additionally, temperature curve is drawn based on the geothermal boring and geochemical geothermometer has been adopted for an estimation of the temperature and depth of the geothermal reservoir, it has been found that the surrounding mountains belong to the medium-temperature geothermal system while the area within the basin belongs to the high-temperature geothermal system with the temperature of borehole bottom reaching up to 175-180 ℃. In this paper, discussions on the problems existing in the calculation of geothermal gradient and the differences generated by the geothermal system have been carried out. 相似文献