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本文采用物理方法讨论不同椭球变换的问题，论证了重力位低阶球谐系数与大地坐标系转换参数的关系，说明几何法转换模型（即大地坐标微分公式）不过是取至二阶次的谐函微分公式，为了提高转换精度，应该采用较高阶次的物理法微分公式（即球面正交多项式）作为不同系统的转换模型。 相似文献
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近年卫星重力测量技术和各种重力模型得到不断发展,使得利用重力场模型进行GPS点高程转换的精度和可靠性都获得了极大提升。利用SRTM、DTM2006.0模型和EGM2008模型求得工作区域GPS点剩余高程异常,并进行残余高程异常拟合,建立江西省新余市某工程的剩余高程异常转换计算方法。通过对点的高程数据比较,说明此方法可以提高工作区域GPS高程转换的精度。 相似文献
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《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(8)
针对贵州省地下水水文地质条件复杂,难以开展地下水资源的管理与评价分析工作的问题,本文首先介绍了水均衡法和GRACE卫星重力法等两种地下水资源量的计算方法及流程;然后,基于此从系统架构、功能体系等方面对贵州省地下水数据管理与评价分析系统进行了详细设计,并开发出了应用系统;最后,以贵州省区域内地下水基础数据、33个站观测资料和多种遥感数据等作为实验数据,实现贵州省地下水数据资源的集成管理以及基于GRACE卫星重力法与水均衡法等两种方法的水资源量计算,并得到GRACE卫星重力法计算结果与实测结果具有更高拟合度。实验表明:该系统中的GRACE重力卫星法能监测省级中等尺度岩溶地下水资源变化且较水均衡法有更好的可行性、适用性。此外,该系统不仅有利于贵州省地下水数据资源的存储与管理,同时对于贵州省地下水数据资源的共享与服务也起到了一定的促进作用。 相似文献
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航空重力数据与地面重力数据之间存在的系统偏差,是亟待解决的一个问题,为了能够在缺乏地面重力点的山区有效地利用航空重力数据,本文利用少量地面点的控制分别利用最小二乘配置法和加权平均法对航空重力数据的系统偏差进行了估计及改正,通过实测数据计算表明,两种方法都较好地估计出了航空重力数据存在的系统偏差,数据精度也有所提高,同时也验证了两种地面数据布设方案的有效性,通过分析得出加权平均法适合于同类重力数据的联合处理,而最小二乘配置则更适合于不同重力数据处理。 相似文献
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提出了一种简便实用的重力异常推值方法──方位距离加权中数法，给出了直接使用重力异常变化梯度作为衡量平均重力异常计算精度的尺度，并运用ＯＳＵ９１Ａ模型成功地建立起重力异常变化梯度与平均重力异常计算精度的相关关系，通过此关系可对海洋平均重力异常计算精度作出比较可靠的估计。 相似文献
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提出了一种简便实用的重力异常推值方法－方位距离加权中数法，给出了直接使用重力异常变化梯度作为衡量平衡重力异常计算精度的尺度，并运用ＯＳＵ９１Ａ模型成功地建立起重力异常变化梯度与平均重力异常计算精度的相关关系，通过此关系可对海洋平均重力异常计算精度作出比较可靠的估计。 相似文献
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研究了GOCE卫星测量恢复地球重力场模型的理论与方法。论文的主要工作和创新点有：
(1) 建立了扰动重力梯度张量各分量没有奇异性的详细计算模型,解决了重力梯度张量Txx分量在两极地区计算的奇异性难题。
(2) 系统研究了卫星重力梯度数据向下延拓的解析法、泊松积分迭代法和卫星重力梯度数据格网化的移动平均法、反距离加权法、普通克里金法,建立了相应的数学模型,导出了相应的计算公式,并采用“直接法”和“移去-恢复法”两种方案对其向下延拓和格网化效果进行了测试。
(3) 分析了能量守恒方程中各项误差对沿轨扰动位计算结果的影响,建立了利用GOCE模拟数据确定地球重力场的最小二乘直接法、调和分析法、最小二乘配置法的实用数学模型,并做了大量的模拟计算。
(4) 建立了利用扰动引力梯度张量各单分量和组合分量确定地球重力场的最小二乘直接法去奇异性计算模型;推导了利用扰动引力梯度张量单分量和组合分量解算地球重力场的调和分析法模型;进一步推导了扰动引力梯度张量各个分量之间的自协方差和互协方差函数及其与引力位系数之间协方差函数的具体计算公式。
(5) 推导了利用不同类型重力测量数据确定地球重力场的联合平差法数学模型,介绍并分析了模型中各类数据最优定权的参数协方差法和方差分量估计法。
(6) 论述了谱组合法的基本原理,给出了多种类型重力测量数据联合处理的谱权及谱组合的通用表达式,基于调和分析方法推导了SST+SGG、SST+SGG＋Δg和SST+SGG＋Δg+N恢复地球重力场模型的谱组合公式及对应谱权的具体形式。
(7) 推导了利用迭代法联合不同类型重力测量数据反演地球重力场模型的基本原理公式,并给出了其具体实现步骤。
(8) 分析并计算了重力卫星轨道高度、卫星星间距离和卫星轨道倾角的设计指标;讨论了双星轨道长半轴的一致性要求、双星姿态俯仰角的控制要求以及双星编队保持机动的时间间隔要求。
(9) 确定了KBR系统的星间距离、星间距离变化率和星间加速度的精度指标;设计了星载GPS系统的卫星轨道位置和速度以及加速度计测量的精度指标;计算了加速度计检验质量质心到卫星质心的调整距离精度指标;分析了恒星敏感器的姿态角测量精度和稳定度;计算了参考重力场模型对于累计大地水准面精度和积分卫星轨道的影响。
(10) 研制了一套利用卫星重力测量数据反演地球重力场模型的软件平台,可对卫星重力测量数据处理及其精度评估提供一些基本方法,并为我国卫星重力测量系统的总体战技指标和主要有效载荷技术指标的量化分析、论证提供理论和技术支持,为我国未来的卫星重力测量系统提供可能的积累和参考。 相似文献
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The determination of gravimetric deflections of the vertical for the area of Greece is attempted by combining a spherical hamonics model and gravity nomalies using the method of least squares collocation. The components of deflections of the vertical are estimated on a grid with spacing 15′ in latitude and 20′ in longitude covering only the continental area of Greece, where a sufficient number of point gravity anomalies is available. In order to test the accuracy of the determination, gravimetric deflections of the vertical are computed at stations where astrogeodetic data are available. The results show that in a large region of rugged topography and irregular potential field, the prediction is possible with a standard deviation of 18% ... 28% of the root mean square variation of the observations, without taking into account the topography. Furthermore, the estimation of some systematic differences between observed and computed deflections of the vertical is attempted. 相似文献
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为解决CORS系统中GNSS高程受技术条件限制精度不高的问题,贵阳市进行了区域似大地水准面精化工作。本文论述了GNSS和水准网的布设及精度,使用了3 877个点重力数据和54个GNSS水准资料,以EIGEN03C地球重力场模型作为参考重力场,由第二类Helmert凝集法完成大地水准面计算,利用球冠谐调和分析方法将GNSS水准与重力似大地水准面联合求解得出的2'!2'格网似大地水准面,在高原高差地区其精度达到"0.010 m。 相似文献
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Essam Ghanem 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(1):19-23
The main objective of this study is to improve the geoid by GPS/leveling data in Egypt. Comparisons of the gravimetric geoid with GPS/leveling data have been performed. On the basis of a gravimetric geoid fitted to GPS/leveling by the least square method, a smoothed geoid was obtained. A high-resolution geoid in Egypt was computed with a 2.5′×2.5′ grid by combining the data set of 2600 original point gravity values, 20″×30″ resolution Digital Terrain Model (DTM) grid and the spherical harmonic model EGM96. The method of computation involved the strict evaluation of the Stokes integral with 1D-FFT. The standard deviation of the difference between the gravimetric and the GPS/leveling geoid heights is ±0.47 m. The standard deviation after fitting of the gravimetric geoid to the GPS/leveling points is better than ±13 cm. In the future we will try to improve our geoid results in Egypt by increasing the density of gravimetric coverage. 相似文献
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Many regions around the world require improved gravimetric data bases to support very accurate geoid modeling for the modernization
of height systems using GPS. We present a simple yet effective method to assess gravity data requirements, particularly the
necessary resolution, for a desired precision in geoid computation. The approach is based on simulating high-resolution gravimetry
using a topography-correlated model that is adjusted to be consistent with an existing network of gravity data. Analysis of
these adjusted, simulated data through Stokes’s integral indicates where existing gravity data must be supplemented by new
surveys in order to achieve an acceptable level of omission error in the geoid undulation. The simulated model can equally
be used to analyze commission error, as well as model error and data inconsistencies to a limited extent. The proposed method
is applied to South Korea and shows clearly where existing gravity data are too scarce for precise geoid computation. 相似文献
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郭俊义 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1993,(3)
本文提出了利用变分法解混合边值问题直接计算位系数的原理。根据这一原理可解第一、第二和第三边值问题的混合边值问题直接求得位系数。利用这一原理可较简单地联合利用经典重力测量(即重力点的平面位置由天文或三角测量确定,高程由水准或三角高程确定)、卫星重力测量(即利用卫星定位技术确定重力点的平面位置和大地高)以及卫星测高数据研究地球的重力场。 相似文献
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N. J. Brown J. C. McCubbine W. E. Featherstone N. Gowans A. Woods I. Baran 《Journal of Geodesy》2018,92(12):1457-1465
AUSGeoid2020 is a combined gravimetric–geometric model (sometimes called a “hybrid quasigeoid model”) that provides the separation between the Geocentric Datum of Australia 2020 (GDA2020) ellipsoid and Australia’s national vertical datum, the Australian Height Datum (AHD). This model is also provided with a location-specific uncertainty propagated from a combination of the levelling, GPS ellipsoidal height and gravimetric quasigeoid data errors via least squares prediction. We present a method for computing the relative uncertainty (i.e. uncertainty of the height between any two points) between AUSGeoid2020-derived AHD heights based on the principle of correlated errors cancelling when used over baselines. Results demonstrate AUSGeoid2020 is more accurate than traditional third-order levelling in Australia at distances beyond 3 km, which is 12 mm of allowable misclosure per square root km of levelling. As part of the above work, we identified an error in the gravimetric quasigeoid in Port Phillip Bay (near Melbourne in SE Australia) coming from altimeter-derived gravity anomalies. This error was patched using alternative altimetry data. 相似文献
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A. Ellmann 《Journal of Geodesy》2005,79(1-3):11-23
In regional gravimetric geoid determination, it is customary to use the modified Stokes formula that combines local terrestrial data with a global geopotential model. This study compares two deterministic and three stochastic modification methods for computing a regional geoid over the Baltic countries. The final selection of the best modification method is made by means of two accuracy estimates: the expected global mean square error of the geoid estimator, and the statistics of the post-fit residuals between the computed geoid models and precise GPS-levelling data. Numerical results show that the modification methods tested do not provide substantially different results, although the stochastic approaches appear formally better in the selected study area. The 2.8–5.3 cm (RMS) post-fit residuals to the GPS-levelling points indicate the suitability of the new geoid model for many practical applications. Moreover, the numerical comparisons reveal a one-dimensional offset between the regional vertical datum and the geoid models based upon the new GRACE-only geopotential model GGM01s. This gives an impression of a greater reliability of the new model compared to the earlier, EGM96-based and somewhat tilted regional geoid models for the same study area. 相似文献
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Vasilios K. Despotakis 《Journal of Geodesy》1989,63(4):342-358
This paper studies the use of two new methods for gravimetric geoid undulation computations: The Molodenskii's and Sjöberg's methods that both modify the original Stokes'function so that certainrms errors are minimized. These new methods were checked against the traditional methods of Stokes' and Meissl's modification with the criterion of the globalrms undulation error that each method implies. Sjöberg's method gave consistently the smallest globalrms undulation error of all the other methods for capsizes 0° to 10°. However with the exception of Stokes' method, for capsizes between 0° to 5°, all the methods gave approximately (within±5cm) the same globalrms undulation error. Actual gravity data within a cap of 2° and potential coefficient information were then combined to compute the undulation of 39 laser stations distributed around the world. Therms discrepancy between the gravimetric undulations using all the four methods and the undulations computed as the ellipsoidal minus the orthometric height of 28 at the above stations was±1.70,±1.65,±1.66,±1.65m for the Stokes', Meissl's, Molodenskii's and Sjöberg's method respectively. For five oceanic laser stations where no terrestrial gravity data was available, theGEOS-3/SEASAT altimeter sea surface heights were used to compute the undulations of these stations in a collocation method. Therms discrepancy between the altimeter derived undulation and the ellipsoidal mirus orthometric value of the undulation was ±1.30m for the above five laser stations. 相似文献
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On the ellipsoidal correction to the spherical Stokes solution of the gravimetric geoid 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The solutions of four ellipsoidal approximations for the gravimetric geoid are reviewed: those of Molodenskii et al., Moritz, Martinec and Grafarend, and Fei and Sideris. The numerical results from synthetic tests indicate that Martinec and Grafarends solution is the most accurate, while the other three solutions contain an approximation error which is characterized by the first-degree surface spherical harmonic. Furthermore, the first 20 degrees of the geopotential harmonic series contribute approximately 90% of the ellipsoidal correction. The determination of a geoid model from the generalized Stokes scheme can accurately account for the ellipsoidal effect to overcome the first-degree surface spherical harmonic error regardless of the solution used. 相似文献