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气象事业关系国计民生,气象防灾减灾和公共气象服务是政府服务的重要内容,气象信息是生产生活不可或缺的重要信息。浙江省委、省政府历来高度重视气象事业的发展,把公共气象服务、气象防灾减灾、气象现代化等工作摆在经济社会发展的全局来谋划,认真贯彻实施“一法两条例”等有关法律法规,采取有效措施,落实各项要求。2010年以来,全省上下积极完善气象防灾减灾体系,大力加强公共气象服务,加快推进气象现代化建设,气象事业步入依法、科学的发展轨道。 相似文献
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以湖南省暴雨气象防灾减灾服务为研究视角,首先对湖南省气象局暴雨气象防灾减灾服务效益评估研究组抽样调查得到的7 478份问卷数据进行无效问卷剔除,在此基础上,从暴雨预报的准确性、预警发布的及时性、信息发布的频次、获取信息的便捷性、内容的通俗性及防御建议的有效性六个方面,分析公众暴雨气象防灾减灾服务满意度。采用结构方程模型,评估各个因素对暴雨气象防灾减灾服务公众满意度的影响。最后利用所得到的各个路径系数建立暴雨气象防灾减灾服务公众满意度评估模型,代入调查问卷采集到的数据后得到湖南省暴雨气象防灾减灾服务公众满意度为88.02%。 相似文献
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在综合分析了新疆气象灾害及其衍生灾害的总体特征和发展趋势基础上,归纳总结了防灾减灾工作的现状及其存在的主要问题;从科学发展观和防灾减灾新理念出发,提出新疆发展重要战略机遇期防灾减灾的主要对策。 相似文献
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<正>Drought is a recurring dry condition with below-normal precipitation and is often associated with warm temperatures or heatwaves. A drought event can develop slowly over several weeks or suddenly within days, commonly under abnormal atmospheric conditions(e.g., quasi-stationary high-pressure systems), and can persist for weeks, months, or even years, 相似文献
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Globalization,Pacific Islands,and the paradox of resilience 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Matthew Lauer Simon Albert Shankar Aswani Benjamin S. Halpern Luke Campanella Douglas La Rose 《Global Environmental Change》2013,23(1):40-50
On April 2nd, 2007 a 12 m tsunami struck Simbo, a relatively remote island in Western Province, Solomon Islands. Although Simbo's population continues to depend on their own food production and small-scale governance regimes regulate access to resources, the island's way of life over the last century has increasingly been affected by processes associated with globalization. In this context of a rapidly globalizing world, this article examines the island's resilience and vulnerability to the tsunami and the adaptive capacities that enabled the response and recovery. The tsunami completely destroyed two villages and damaged fringing coral reefs, but casualties were low and social–ecological rebound relatively brisk. By combining social science methods (household surveys, focus group and ethnographic interviews) and underwater reef surveys we identify a number of countervailing challenges and opportunities presented by globalization that both nurture and suppress the island's resilience to high amplitude, low-frequency disturbances like tsunamis. Analysis suggests that certain adaptive capacities that sustain general system resilience come at the cost of more vulnerability to low-probability hazards. We discuss how communities undergoing increasingly complex processes of change must negotiate these kinds of trade-offs as they manage resilience at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Understanding the shifting dynamics of resilience may be critical for Pacific Island communities who seek to leverage globalization in their favor as they adapt to current social–ecological change and prepare for future large-scale ecological disturbances. 相似文献
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The few systematic international comparisons of climate policy strength made so far have serious weaknesses, particularly those that assign arbitrary weightings to different policy instrument types in order to calculate an aggregate score for policy strength. This article avoids these problems by ranking the six biggest emitters by far – China, the US, the EU, India, Russia, and Japan – on a set of six key policy instruments that are individually potent and together representative of climate policy as a whole: carbon taxes, emissions trading, feed-in tariffs, renewable energy quotas, fossil fuel power plant bans, and vehicle emissions standards. The results cast strong doubt on any idea that there is a clear hierarchy on climate policy with Europe at the top: the EU does lead on a number of policies but so does Japan. China, the US, and India each lead on one area. Russia is inactive on all fronts. At the same time climate policy everywhere remains weak compared to what it could be.
Policy relevance
This study enables climate policy strength, defined as the extent to which the statutory provisions of climate policies are likely to restrict GHG emissions if implemented as intended, to be assessed and compared more realistically across space and time. As such its availability for the six biggest emitters, which together account for over 70% of global CO2 emissions, should facilitate international negotiations (1) by giving participants a better idea of where major emitters stand relative to each other as far as climate policy stringency is concerned, and (2) by identifying areas of weakness that need action. 相似文献
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Assessing the Stability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation of the Past, Present, and Future 
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下载免费PDF全文 This paper is a review of the recent development of researches on the stability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation （AMOC）. In particular, we will review recent studies that attempt to best assess the stability of the AMOC in the past, present, and future by using a stability indicator related to the freshwater transport by the AMOC. These studies further illustrate a potentially systematic bias in the state-of-the-art atmosphere-ocean generM circulation models （AOCCMs）, in which the AMOCs seem to be over-stabilized relative to that in the real world. This common model bias in the AMOC stability is contributed, partly, to a common tropical bias associated with the double intertropical convergence zone （ITCZ） in most state-of-the- art AOGCMs, casting doubts on future projection of abrupt climate changes in these climate models. 相似文献
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The ongoing devolution of climate policy-making to sub-national levels has prompted growing interest in policy entrepreneurship by individuals who are politically and technically creative and institutionally resourceful. This paper investigates the case of the materials-management programme in the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality which has emerged as a national and international leader by focusing on the role of household consumption in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Two noteworthy innovations involve the development of a consumption-based GHG emissions inventory and introduction of policies aimed at facilitating construction of small homes (so-called Accessory Dwelling Units, ADU). The case traces over several decades the higher order learning processes within the group and their entrepreneurship toward affecting broader changes in emission accounting and climate policies in Oregon. The paper identifies the enabling factors for these innovations, and considers: how to create the conditions for learning, experimentation, and policy entrepreneurship; how to reproduce these conditions in different locales; and how to recognize and foster innovations that arise outside the established mainstream ‘climate community’. It also stresses the benefits of breaking down the barriers between science-based analysis and policy. The two questions frequently raised in the climate policy debate – how to bring researchers and practitioners together to develop efficacious policies; and how to replicate successful programmes and policies across different communities, jurisdictions, and locations – should be re-examined. It may be more appropriate to ask instead: How to create conditions for learning, experimentation, and policy entrepreneurship; and how to reproduce these conditions in different locales.
Key policy insights
Using a consumption-based greenhouse gas emission inventory instead of a sector-based inventory radically changes climate policy priorities, shifting the emphasis from technological fixes to curbing household consumption.
Policy innovations thrive in teams that combine technical and scientific competencies with: a commitment to addressing societal problems; interest in inquiry, experimentation, and learning; entrepreneurship; and strategic and political savvy.
These qualities require breaking down artificial barriers between science and policy.
Transformative policy ideas can originate within institutional nodes that operate outside of an established community of expertise and authority; and these should be identified and fostered.
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Characteristics, Processes, and Causes of the Spatio-temporal
Variabilities of the East Asian Monsoon System 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Recent advances in the study of the characteristics, processes, and causes of spatio-temporal variabilities of the East Asian monsoon (EAM) system are reviewed in this paper. The understanding of the EAM system has improved in many aspects:the basic characteristics of horizontal and vertical structures, the annual cycle of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) system and the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) system, the characteristics of the spatio-temporal variabilities of the EASM system and the EAWM system, and especially the multiple modes of the EAM system and their spatio-temporal variabilities. Some new results have also been achieved in understanding the atmosphere-ocean interaction and atmosphere-land interaction processes that affect the variability of the EAM system. Based on recent studies, the EAM system can be seen as more than a circulation system, it can be viewed as an atmosphere-ocean-land coupled system, namely, the EAM climate system. In addition, further progress has been made in diagnosing the internal physical mechanisms of EAM climate system variability, especially regarding the characteristics and properties of the East Asia-Pacific (EAP) teleconnection over East Asia and the North Pacific, the "Silk Road" teleconnection along the westerly jet stream in the upper troposphere over the Asian continent, and the dynamical effects of quasi-stationary planetary wave activity on EAM system variability. At the end of the paper, some scientific problems regarding understanding the EAM system variability are proposed for further study. 相似文献
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Climatology of Ozone, PAN, CO, and NMHC in the Free Troposphere Over the Southern North Atlantic 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Free tropospheric measurements of ozone, peroxyacetylnitrate andprecursors (CO, NMHC) that were made within the framework of the EUROTRACsub-project TOR (Tropospheric Ozone Research) between 1990 and 1995 at theGAW station Izana, Tenerife (28°18N, 16°30W) arediscussed. The average annual cycles reveal the importance of transport fromnorthern mid-latitudes and the role of photo-chemistry. According toair-mass trajectories, which were supplied to us from AEROCE(Atmosphere/Ocean Chemistry Experiment), transport from northernmid-latitudes is associated with high precursor concentrations in winter,whereas ozone concentrations in winter are not much influenced by transportpatterns, suggesting a rather uniform distribution over the northern part ofthe Northern Hemisphere around mean value of 43 ± 5 ppb. In summer,high ozone concentrations of up to 90 ppb are often encountered duringtransport from north, while the levels of precursors are much lower than inwinter, because of photochemical destruction. Trajectories from southerlylatitudes and the Sahara usually have the lowest ozone concentrationsassociated with them. 相似文献
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Data collected in 2007 from a dense commercial network (operated by AWS Convergence Technologies, Inc.) of roof-mounted temperature
sensors are used to explore the heat island characteristics of Washington, DC, and New York City, NY. Considerable spatial
detail is revealed, but aggregating data in annuli centered on assumed central locations in the business districts of the
two cities reveals that the heat islands extend out to more than 30 km, with the New York City island being somewhat larger.
The results from both arrays reveal the influence of the surroundings, with large scatter of daytime results being characteristic
of sites with the greatest local surface inhomogeneity. Nighttime data are more ordered, and suggest that surface air temperatures
decrease by about 0.02°C km−1 for the Washington case, and 0.04°C km−1 for New York, with the winter behaviour being more pronounced than for other seasons. Scatter of the data in the daytime
is a common feature for all seasons, but mainly for those with the strongest insolation. Comparison between working day and
weekend temperatures provides convincing verification that the air responds quite slowly to changes in surface (radiometric)
temperatures, with distance constants of the order of many tens of km. There appears to be a small wind speed effect, which
is evident in the nighttime data but is largely obscured by scatter for the daytime. 相似文献
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Preliminary Comparison of the CMA, ECMWF, NCEP, and JMA Ensemble Prediction Systems 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Based on The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) dataset,using various verification methods,the performances of four typical ense... 相似文献