共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 781 毫秒
1.
为揭示城镇化背景下武汉市人口时序增长趋势和人口空间分布格局演变特征,本文基于1990年第四次、2000年第五次、2010年第六次全国人口普查和2014年武汉市人口普查数据,运用统计学原理和GIS空间分析方法,分析了武汉市人口增长的时空变化规律;应用人口密度空间分布的数学模型,得到武汉市人口空间分布格局的演变趋势。人口增长研究表明:1990年以后,武汉市人口数量迅速增长,总体上形成了中心聚集、外围扩散的空间发展格局。空间分布研究表明:1)武汉市的人口密度分布更加符合Clark模型,主城区Smeed模型拟合效果更好。近25年来,武汉市城镇化进程迅速,人口向主城区聚集。随着时间发展,主城区逐步呈现初级阶段的郊区化。2)武汉市主城区人口空间分布已经出现多中心化的趋势,并且已经有两个街道发育成为人口次中心。研究结果可为武汉市人口相关决策的制定和城市结构调整提供参考依据,有助于认识我国中部崛起城市的发展规律,为其他城市的发展和规划提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
2.
Understanding the Combined Impacts of Aggregation and Spatial Non‐Stationarity: The Case of Migration‐Environment Associations in Rural South Africa 
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下载免费PDF全文 Socio‐demographic data are typically collected at various levels of aggregation, leading to the modifiable areal unit problem. Spatial non‐stationarity of statistical associations between variables further influences the demographic analyses. This study investigates the implications of these two phenomena within the context of migration‐environment associations. Global and local statistical models are fit across increasing levels of aggregation using household level survey data from rural South Africa. We raise the issue of operational scale sensitivity, which describes how the explanatory power of certain variables depends on the aggregation level. We find that as units of analysis (households) are aggregated, some variables become non‐significant in the global models, while others are less sensitive to aggregation. Local model results show that aggregation reduces spatial variation in migration‐related local associations but also affects variables differently. Spatial non‐stationarity appears to be the driving force behind this phenomenon as the results from the global model mask this relationship. Operational scale sensitivity appears related to the underlying spatial autocorrelation of the non‐aggregated variables but also to the way a variable is constructed. Understanding operational scale sensitivity can help to refine the process of selecting variables related to the scale of analysis and better understand the effects of spatial non‐stationarity on statistical relationships. 相似文献
3.
基于GIS空间数据库,对山东省108个城镇的综合发展水平进行了空间统计分析。首先选用了反映城市综合发展水平的14项指标,并进行了主成分分析,得出反映城镇综合发展水平的综合指标,并分析了山东省各城镇的综合发展水平与分布状况。然后利用该综合指标,对各个城镇进行了空间统计分析,通过计算全局空间自相关指标,分析认为山东省各城镇综合发展水平总体上未呈现空间相关关系;通过计算局部空间自相关指标,分析认为山东省68.5%的城镇分布存在非相似空间集聚特征。 相似文献
4.
碳排放估算是节能减排和全球气候变化研究的重要领域之一,NPP-VIIRS夜间灯光影像能够反映人类活动强度而被广泛应用于碳排放的空间估算分析。本文构建和对比了基于2015年NPP-VIIRS夜间灯光影像的广东省能源消耗碳排放估算拟合模型,并重点研究了NPP-VIIRS影像的尺度效应,探讨了500、1000、1500和2000 m分辨率的模型结果精度。研究显示：①二次多项式拟合模型是碳排放估算的较优化方法,广东省21个城市之间拟合结果差异较大;②1000 m分辨率的NPP-VIIRS夜间灯光影像的广东省碳排放估算结果均方根误差最小,2000 m分辨率的绝对误差较小,并通过升尺度提高了模型运算效率;③间隔100 m从500 m连续递增至2000 m的不同空间分辨率的夜间灯光影像碳排放估算结果具有波动性,在1000 m分辨率处趋于平衡。本文分析了基于NPP-VIIRS夜间灯光影像的广东省碳排放估算模型,揭示了不同空间分辨率影像的尺度效应规律,可为夜间灯光影像碳排放估算提供空间尺度优化和结果精化方面的参考。 相似文献
5.
从整体到局部相互协调是示意性网络地图的关键所在,已有方法多是单纯地将线段作为示意基本单元,当空间要素分布不均衡时,容易产生示意结果全局表达不一致以及局部要素过于紧凑而变形的现象。考虑网络连通与网络闭合这两个性质,提出了一种化简分割生成方法,核心思想是根据连通化简网络,进而依据闭合构建网眼与线段两种基本示意单元。首先,对网络节点化简以及方向、长度调整,形成整体一致的化简网络;其次,将化简网络分割为网眼集合与线段集合;第三,建立从网眼至线段的示意化过程,通过网眼局部控制以避免要素过于紧凑。实验讨论了本文方法在不同示意约束规则之下的表现效果,与经典迭代寻优方法的对比分析表明,在网络整体形态保持与局部要素布置方面具有一定的优势。 相似文献
6.
This paper analyzes the spatial patterns of households' distribution in clusters of cities and the effects on regional growth
using spatial exploratory techniques and a model of growth that incorporates spatial location. Our empirical analysis shows
that, over the 1980–1990 period, in Southern New England, patterns of spatial clustering of households did create heterogeneous
growth rates in the region. Also, there is evidence that clusters of cities and isolated cities created spillover growth effects
in bordering towns.
Received: 5 September 2001 / Accepted: 2 August 2002 相似文献
7.
This paper aims to use spatial statistical tools to explore the reciprocal spatial–temporal effects of transport infrastructure and urban growth of Jeddah city, a fast developing polycentric city in Saudi Arabia. Global spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I) and local indicators of spatial association (LISA) are first used to analyze the spatial–temporal clustering of urban growth and transport infrastructure from 1980 to 2007. Then, spatial regression analysis is conducted to investigate the mutual spatial–temporal effects of urban growth and transport infrastructure. Results indicate a significant positive global spatial autocorrelation of all defined variables between 1980 and 2007. LISA results also reveal a constant significant spatial association of transport infrastructure expansion and urban growth variables from 1980 to 2007. The results not only indicate a mutual spatial influence of transport infrastructure and urban growth but also reveal that spatial clustering of transport infrastructure seems to be influenced by other factors. This study shows that transport infrastructure is a constant and strong spatial influencing factor of urban growth in the polycentric urban structure that Jeddah has. Overall, this study demonstrates that exploratory spatial data analysis and spatial regression analysis are able to detect the spatial–temporal mutual effects of transport infrastructure and urban growth. Further studies on the reciprocal relationship between urban growth and transport infrastructure using the study approach for the case of monocentric urban structure cities are necessary and encouraged. 相似文献
8.
激光雷达森林参数反演研究进展 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
激光雷达通过发射激光能量和接收返回信号的方式,来获取高精度的森林空间结构和林下地形信息。全波形激光雷达通过记录返回信号的全部能量,得到亚米级植被垂直剖面;离散回波激光雷达记录的单个或多个回波,表示来自不同冠层的回波信号。星载激光雷达一般采用全波形或光子计数激光剖面系统,仅能获取卫星轨道下方的单波束或多波束数据,用于区域/全球范围的森林垂直结构及变化观测。机载激光雷达多采用离散回波或全波形激光扫描系统,能够获取飞行轨迹下方特定视场范围内的扫描数据,用于林分/区域范围的森林结构观测。地基激光雷达多采用离散回波激光扫描系统,获取以测站为中心的球形空间内扫描数据,用于单木/样地范围的森林结构观测。激光雷达单木因子估测方法可分为CHM单木法、NPC单木法和体元单木法3类。CHM单木法通过局部最大值识别树冠顶点,采用区域生长或图像分割算法识别树冠边界或树冠主方向,NPC单木法一般通过空间聚类或形态学算法识别单木,体元单木法在3维体元空间采用区域生长或空间聚类算法识别树冠。根据激光雷达冠层高度分布可以估测林分因子,冠层高度分布特征来自于离散点云或全波形。多时相激光雷达可用于森林生长量、生物量变化等监测,以及森林采伐、灾害等引起的结构变化监测。随着激光雷达技术的发展,它将在森林调查、生态环境建模等生产与科学研究领域中得到更为广泛的应用。 相似文献
9.
《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(4):426-442
Based on remote sensing and GIS, this study models the spatial variations of urban growth patterns with a logistic geographically weighted regression (GWR) technique. Through a case study of Springfield, Missouri, the research employs both global and local logistic regression to model the probability of urban land expansion against a set of spatial and socioeconomic variables. The logistic GWR model significantly improves the global logistic regression model in three ways: (1) the local model has higher PCP (percentage correctly predicted) than the global model; (2) the local model has a smaller residual than the global model; and (3) residuals of the local model have less spatial dependence. More importantly, the local estimates of parameters enable us to investigate spatial variations in the influences of driving factors on urban growth. Based on parameter estimates of logistic GWR and using the inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation method, we generate a set of parameter surfaces to reveal the spatial variations of urban land expansion. The geographically weighted local analysis correctly reveals that urban growth in Springfield, Missouri is more a result of infrastructure construction, and an urban sprawl trend is observed from 1992 to 2005. 相似文献
10.
点状要素注记自动配置问题是数据可视化研究的难点之一。稠密型点状要素注记之间往往存在着较大的相关性和冲突性,从而导致注记效率低下及配置结果不合理的问题。本文通过充分挖掘稠密型点状要素的空间分布特征和注记相关性,提出了一种顾及空间分布与注记相关性的点要素注记配置算法。首先,充分挖掘点要素的局部空间分布特征和注记间的相关性构建注记关联度模型;其次,利用基于注记关联度模型的空间聚类算法对其整体空间分布特征进行描述和分析,将单一数据集划分为若干个独立的子数据集,以消除整体求解中独立数据集产生的干扰性和模糊性;最后,利用点要素的局部空间分布特征和注记相关性构建基于增序注记关联度模型的注记次序规则,并采用多层次元启发算法求解注记配置的近似最优解。试验结果表明:在5%~40%注记密度下的点要素注记配置,新算法较传统元启发式算法的求解效率提高10.41%~28.92%,注记质量评价函数值下降5.5~35.9,有效提升了点要素注记配置的效率和质量。 相似文献
11.
空间分布模式是否保持一致是土地利用数据综合质量评价的一项重要内容。针对当前的研究缺少量化分析和位置表达的现状,提出了一种新的空间数据特有的自相关性评价方法。首先利用语义距离建立空间权重矩阵,随后通过莫兰指数（Moran’s I）计算数据处理前后全局和局部自相关度,最后利用莫兰（Moran）散点图和空间关联的局部指标（local indicators of spatial association,LISA）集聚图相结合的方法对综合前后的土地利用分布模式进行可视化对比。相较传统评价方法,所提方法顾及数据语义关系,计算可量化聚集程度,以直观可视化方法对比展示,更好地对土地利用数据在综合前后的全局空间分布模式一致性进行了评价。认知实验结果符合人类认知,表明所提方法切实有效。 相似文献
12.
通过模型对区域土地利用/覆盖变化（LUCC）进行分析已经成为了当前全球的研究主要内容之一。元胞自动机（CA）模型是一种通过定义局部的简单的计算规则来模拟和表示整个系统中复杂现象的时空动态模型,其＂自下而上＂的研究思路,强大的复杂计算功能及高度动态,使得它在模拟空间复杂系统的时空动态演变方面具有很强的能力。CA模型通过与其他模型相结合,在综合考虑各种限制因素和转换规则的前提下,通过反复迭代综合空间分析与非空间分析,模拟土地利用变化情景,在国内外已经形成了较为成熟的研究模型。本文首先提出了CA模型在土地利用变化中应用的背景及其特点;然后,分析了CA模型的构成原理以及在国内外的应用进展与现状;最后,详细阐述了CA模型在土地利用变化中的发展趋势及今后研究工作中应注意的问题。 相似文献
13.
结合夜间灯光与城市统计数据,应用城市位序-规模法则及人地异速生长模型,初步分析了浙江人口分布及人地关系,考虑到人口增长的特征,提出了加入滞后效应的修正模型,对浙江城市群长期的发展展开了动态研究.研究结果表明,浙江城市群结构体系较为成熟,但是随着经济发展,城市首位度逐步提高,人口逐渐呈现聚集状态;浙江城市群中的杭州、宁波... 相似文献
14.
Along with rapid global urbanization, cities are challenged by environmental risks and resource scarcity. Sustainable urban planning is central to address the dilemma of economic growth and ecosystem protection, where the use of land is critical. Sustainable land use patterns are spatially explicit in nature, and can be structured and addressed using spatial optimization integrating GIS and mathematical models. This research discusses prominent sustainability concerns in land use planning and suggests a generalized multi‐objective spatial optimization model to facilitate conventional planning. The model is structured to meet land use demand while satisfying the requirements of the physical environment, society and economy. Unlike existing work relying on raster data, due to its simple data structure and ease of spatial relationship evaluation, this research develops an approach for identifying land use solutions based on vector data that better reflects the actual shape and spatial layout of land parcels as well as the ways land use information is managed in practice. An evolutionary algorithm is developed to find the set of efficient (Pareto) solutions given the complexity of vector‐based representations of space. The proposed approach is applied in an empirical study of Dafeng, China in order to support local urban growth and development. The results demonstrate that spatial optimization can be a powerful tool for deriving effective and efficient land use planning strategies. A comparison to results using a raster data approach supports the superiority of land use optimization using vector data as part of planning practice. 相似文献
15.
Cellular automata (CA) are useful for studies on urban growth and land‐use changes. Although various methods have been developed to define transition rules, modeling urban growth of large areas remains a tough challenge owing to heterogeneous geographical features. To address the problem, we present a novel method based on the combination of Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) and knowledge transfer techniques. FCA is used to solicit association rules among cities within a large area. This method can provide a theoretical basis for the knowledge transfer process. A cutting‐edge algorithm called TrAdaBoost is then integrated with the commonly‐used Logistic‐CA as the modeling framework. The proposed method is applied to the urban growth modeling of Guangdong Province, a large region with 21 cities in China, from 2005 to 2008. Compared with traditional methods, this method can achieve better results at the provincial and local levels, according to the experiments. The combination of FCA and knowledge transfer is expected to provide a useful tool for calibrating large‐scale urban CA models. 相似文献
16.
Toward micro-scale spatial modeling of gentrification 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
David O'Sullivan 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2002,4(3):251-274
A simple preliminary model of gentrification is presented. The model is based on an irregular cellular automaton architecture
drawing on the concept of proximal space, which is well suited to the spatial externalities present in housing markets at
the local scale. The rent gap hypothesis on which the model's cell transition rules are based is discussed. The model's transition
rules are described in detail. Practical difficulties in configuring and initializing the model are described and its typical
behavior reported. Prospects for further development of the model are discussed. The current model structure, while inadequate,
is well suited to further elaboration and the incorporation of other interesting and relevant effects.
Received: 1 November 2001 / Accepted: 12 April 2002
Town centres data were made available by kind permission of the UK Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions. 相似文献
17.
在空间统计分析的应用中,空间权重矩阵的设定对空间自相关的分析结果有较大的影响。通过构建基于邻接关系和空间距离的两大类共计14组空间权重矩阵,以河南省县域经济为研究对象,计算全局和局部两种空间自相关指数,研究空间权重矩阵对区域经济空间自相关分析的影响。结果表明:1)一阶车矩阵比二阶车矩阵能更好地度量河南省县域经济的空间分布,表明河南省县域经济的空间自相关性主要发生在边界直接相邻的区域之间,空间依赖效应从邻域不断向外辐射的现象不明显。2)合理应用空间距离矩阵的关键是能够正确设定阈值距离d,当40 km<d<50 km时,河南省县域经济呈现显著的空间自相关性。3)由郑州市以及围绕郑州的环形区域共同构成了河南省唯一的大面积高GDP值聚集区域,省会城市的经济外溢现象明显;豫东北的鹤壁市和新乡市为低GDP值聚集区域。 相似文献
18.
基于地物空间信息的浮动先验概率最大似然分类研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
利用遥感影像对地物进行分类识别时，既需要考虑地物波谱信息，也需要考虑其空间信息。现有遥感分类方法主要集中在利用像素的波谱信息，对各个像素进行独立分类，忽略了地物空间信息。考虑到传统最大似然分类（MLC）方法包括先验概率和条件概率密度函数两个核心环节，提出基于空间信息的浮动先验概率MLC方法，融合空间信息和波谱信息，以提高分类精度。在分析地物空间信息的基础上，总结了基于空间信息的浮动先验概率确定原则和依据，包括地物几何空间特征、情景特征、临近像素空间自相关定律、景观参数等，并设计了基于地物空间特征和临近像素空间自相关定律的浮动先验概率确定算法和分类流程。通过分类试验和误差矩阵分析，结果表明：基于空间特征和临近像素空间自相关定律的浮动先验概率MLC方法，能够融合地物的波谱信息和空间信息，克服最小距离、MLC等基于像素波谱信息的分类方法的缺点，显著提高地物分类精度。 相似文献
19.
20.
文章旨在研究一种有效实用的三维城市模型数据组织方法。面向实体的三维模型是城市三维模型表达的一种重要方式,在表达实体几何特征的同时,能够完整地记录实体之间的逻辑关系,包括空间关系、语义关系等,尤其适用于城市复杂密集区域地理关系的表达。文中采用分区、分层的思想,依据城市空间划分指标体系和实体分类规则,设计了城市实体三维模型的构建流程,提出了一种面向实体的城市三维模型数据组织方法,构建了实体三维模型库,实现了模型数据的高效组织和管理。实验表明,该方法对于大规模城市实体模型数据的组织具有一定的实用价值。 相似文献