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地下水水质安全性评价是地下水资源保护的关键环节。为了阐明鲁中泰安-莱芜断陷盆地地下水水质安全性,本次研究系统评价研究区地下水水质现状、水质变化趋势和地下水污染风险,并以此为基础开展地下水污染预警分级,揭示地下水水质安全性。评价结果显示,研究区内地下水污染预警等级分为巨警、重警和中警3个级别。其中,巨警区占研究区总面积的21%,表明该区地下水水质极不安全;重警区占研究区总面积的26%,主要分布在巨警区外围约5km范围,地下水水质不安全;其他地区为中警区,占研究区总面积的53%,地下水水质临界安全。该研究可为鲁中地区泰安-莱芜断陷盆地地下水资源保护及合理开发利用提供有力支撑。 相似文献
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该文在威海市海岸带综合地质调查项目的基础上,根据陆域和海域不同的地质环境条件,分别进行了地质环境承载力综合评价。陆域选取了3个一级评价因子和13个二级评价因子建立地质环境承载力评价指标体系,利用层次分析法取得各评价因子权重,再利用模糊数学综合指数法进行了综合评价。海域选取了海底沉积物重金属污染、海底沙坡沙脊、浅层气、浅埋基岩和埋藏下切谷等5个评价因子,采用叠加法进行了综合评价。最终,将研究区地质环境承载力划分为强区、较强区、一般区、较弱区等4类。研究区陆域地质环境承载力相对较强,占总面积的67.67%;其次为一般区,占总面积的31.67%;较弱区零星分布,仅占总面积的0.66%。近海地质环境承载力总体较强,一般区主要分布在威海湾西部,较弱区分布在威海湾以北的广阔海域。 相似文献
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水资源是人类赖以生存的不可替代的物质基础,在全球经济和社会可持续发展过程中占有相当重要的地位。近年来,随着工业和农业的快速发展以及城镇人口的快速增长,随之而来的石油类污染、纺织印染污染、城市垃圾和生产生活污水的不合理处置以及农业生产农药、化肥的大量使用,造成本来有限的地下水污染状况日趋加重。以20世纪80年代时期地下水水质测试资料为背景,利用2015年以及近年来取得的大量水质测试资料,采用"污染指数法",对山东省滨州市进行区域地下水污染综合评价。研究表明:滨州市地下水无机污染以硝酸根、亚硝酸根、氯化物和硫酸盐为主,有机污染以二氯甲烷、三氯乙烯、1,1-二氯乙烯、三氯甲烷为主。相比而言黄河以北地区因地下水水位埋藏较浅,包气带岩性以砂岩为主,而且化工和皮革鞣质加工企业较多,因此受到有机污染危害更大一些。 相似文献
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为查明高店子幅地表水和地下水的水化学特征及水环境质量现状,为区域水资源保护与开发提供理论依 据,运用数理统计分析、模糊综合评价和灌溉水水质评价方法对研究区地表水和地下水进行了分析与评价。研究 结果表明:研究区地表水水化学组分波动较大,地下水水化学组分相对较为稳定。地表水水化学类型主要为重碳 酸硫酸－钙镁型水和重碳酸－钙镁型水;地下水水化学类型主要为重碳酸－钙镁型水和重碳酸硫酸－钠 钙 镁 型 水。研究区地表水和地下水水力联系密切,水中主要离子组分来自于盐岩、石膏和碳酸盐的风化溶滤,另 外 还 存 在阳离子交换作用、蒸发浓缩作用和人类活动的共同影响。饮用水水质评价表明,５４．５％的地表水和７１．４％的地 下水适于饮用或基本适于饮用,地下水水质稍好于地表水水质;灌溉水水质评价表明,研究区地表水和地下水均 适于灌溉,合理灌溉不会造成盐害和碱害。 相似文献
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通过对大汶河流域中游地区40件地下水样品进行测试分析,运用统计分析法分析了水化学指标特征,采用单因子评价法、模糊综合评价法进行了地下水水质评价。结果表明:1.地下水中pH值的含量相对稳定,K~+,Fe,Mn,NH~+_4,NO~-_2,Pb空间变异性较强;地下水中主要阳离子是Na~+,Ca~(2+),主要阴离子是SO■,Cl~-,NO~-_3。2.TDS、总硬度含量呈现由研究区东部柴汶河、牟汶河上游地区至西部大汶河下游河谷平原区,由东南部低山丘陵区至西北部山间沟谷地区逐渐增大的趋势。3.水质评价结果显示,大汶河流域中游地区地下水质量整体较差,多为Ⅳ类水和Ⅴ类水,无法满足当地居民的生活饮用水要求。研究成果为流域内水资源的合理开发利用提供了理论依据,为将来水资源保护提供了基础资料。 相似文献
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银川地区地下水氮污染原因及防治 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
通过对银川地区1991-2000年的地下水水质动态监测数据分析发现其地下水氮污染严重．其中尤以氨氮污染最为严重，对其氮污染的成因作进一步分析得出：引起潜水氮污染的主要因子是农田大量施用化肥和地面污水下渗，引起承压水氮污染的主要因子是大量开采承压水造成的潜水对其越流补给．最后提出了相应的防治措施。 相似文献
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进行区域生态系统健康评价,可以为当地制定生态系统保护政策和措施、生态系统协调和可持续发展提供科学依据。受数据源获取困难等因素制约,从乡（镇、街道）尺度开展的生态系统健康研究尚不多见。本文通过压力-状态-响应模型,选取15个指标因子构建了适宜于乡（镇、街道）尺度的评价指标体系,然后以第一次地理国情普查成果、统计年鉴数据和Landsat8、HJ-CCD、OMI遥感影像为主要数据源,对部分指标使用统计降尺度处理的基础上,以乡（镇、街道）为评价单元,运用熵值法综合评价兰州市生态系统健康状况,并对压力-状态-响应协调度进行分析。研究结果表明：① 生态系统健康整体表现出由城市中心区较差向城市外围区较好的过渡和替换趋势,从乡镇（街道）尺度来看,属于“不健康”、“亚健康”、“健康”、“很健康”的分别有13.5%、28.8%、51.3%、6.2%;② 就协调度而言,有59%的乡（镇、街道）为中度协调区,主要连片分布在城市郊区,其余分布在安宁区的街道,剩余的41%街道为高度协调区和低度协调区,占国土面积的25%,主要分布在城区的街道,零星分布在城市郊区的一些乡镇。 相似文献
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通过对敦煌盆地38个地下水样品的采集和测试,运用描述性统计法和因子分析法对地下水的化学特征及其成因进行了分析。在此基础上,利用美国农业部(USDA)评价方法和Wilcox图解法对地下水质进行了评价。研究结果表明:敦煌盆地浅层地下水中主要阳离子为Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+,主要阴离子从补给区→径流区→排泄区由HCO3-→SO42-→Cl-转换;深层地下水中阳离子以Na+、Mg2+为主,阴离子主要为Cl- 、SO4 2-、HCO3-,且三者含量较为接近;影响盆地内地下水化学特征的主要因素为蒸发浓缩作用和矿物的溶解作用;水质评价结果显示,可作为农作物灌溉用水的水样约占总水样的26.3%,分布在党河洪积扇扇顶补给区、扇中与扇缘径流区和盆地东南部细土平原径流区。 相似文献
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张宏富 《成都信息工程学院学报》2013,28(2)
为了建立简单而又普适、通用的地表水水质评价模型,提出基于指标规范值的综合水质标识指数法,以便对水质进行合理的定量评价.该方法首先设定指标参照值和指标规范变换式和对指标数据进行规范化处理基础上,改进了传统水质标识指数评价法,采用超标法确定各指标权重,最后用各指标的单因子水质标识指数的加权和,求得基于指标规范值的综合水质标识指数,以此作为依据进行水质评价.将基于指标规范值的综合水质标识指数评价法应用于浮桥河水库水质评价,结果表明:该方法具有简单和普适、通用的特点. 相似文献
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We used long term monitoring data to evaluate changes in abundance and species dominance of small-jellyfish (collected with zooplankton net whose bell diameter was less than 5 cm) between 1991 and 2009 in the Jiaozhou Bay, China. Zooplankton samples were vertically towed with conical plankton net from near-bottom to surface, identified microscopically, and mapped in time-space using Grapher 7.0 and Surfer 8.0. Results show that the abundance of small-jellyfish throughout the bay had been increasing during 2001-2009 on average of 15.2 ind./m 3 , almost 5 times higher than that between 1991 and 2000. The occurrence of peak abundance shifted from spring to summer after 2000, and two peaks appeared in spring and summer, respectively, after 2005. Both the abundance and the frequency of blooms of small-jellyfish increased after 2000 in the bay. In addition, the biodiversity of jellyfish has increased significantly in recent years with a change in dominant species. Several new dominant species appeared after 2000, including Rathkae octopunctata in winter, Phialidium hemisphaericum in spring, summer, and autumn, Phialucium carolinae in spring, and Pleurobrachia globosa in summer and autumn, while some previous dominant species throughout the 1990s (Eirene ceylonensis, Zanclea costata, Lovenella assimilis, and Muggiaea atlantica) were no longer dominant after 2000. The abundance of small-jellyfish was positively correlated with the density of dinoflagellates, and the abundance of zooplankton. We believe that the changes in smalljellyfish abundance and species composition were the result of eutrophication, aquaculture and coastal construction activities around the bay. Concurrently, seawater warming and salinity decrease in recent decades promoted the growth and reproduction of small-jellyfish in the bay. 相似文献
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古代,雷州半岛信仰的海神主要有伏波将军和妈祖,尤其是元代以后,妈祖影响超过伏波,这主要有三方面原因:1)妈祖得到上层统治阶级的青睐,2)雷州半岛的汉人多为福建移民,3)雷州半岛少数民族的外迁。 相似文献
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王明远 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1993,3(4):376-380
We have made progress in medico-chemical geography as follows: the correlative law of organism with geochemical environment; the geochemico-ecological classification of chemical elements; the types of formative cause of biogeochemical provinces in China; the parabolic correlation between contents of iodine in drinking water and prevalence rate of endemic goiter; the discovery and proof of the low selenium zone in China; the successive discovery of endemic fluorosis of the types of pollution from burning coal, drinking high fluoride tea and high fluoride table salt from the year 1978; the study on chemical geography of schistosomiasis and the compilation of the Atlas of Endemic Diseases and Their Environments in the People's Republic of China. 相似文献
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刘希林 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1995,5(3):275-287
ＲＥＣＥＮＴＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＳＩＮＤＥＢＲＩＳＦＬＯＷＲＥＳＥＡＲＣＨＩＮＩＴＡＬＹＭａｒｃｈｉＬｏｒｅｎｚｏ；ＴｅｃｃａＰｉａＲ．（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｆｏｒＰｒｅｖｅｎｔｉｏｎｏｆＨｙｄｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｎｄＧｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＨａｚａｒｄ... 相似文献
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Community participation in forest resource management in Nepal 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
KeshavL.Maharjan 《山地科学学报》2005,2(1):32-41
Livelihood of the people in Nepal hills depends much upon forest resources in addition to farming as forest plays a critical role in the well being of the farming households where access to alternative sources, such as energy for cooking, nutrition for animals, materials for fertilizer and constructing materials for shelter, are limited. Thus, the well being of the people in the hills is directly affected by the management of these forest resources. This issue was addressed in this paper by examining the forest resource management practices and its effect on well being of rural people in two different stages in a village lying in the steep hill of Mahabharat Range in the southern hills of Kathmandu valley, Lalitpur District. The main ethnic/caste groups in the villageare Brahmin/Chhetri (high Hindu caste),Magar/Tamang (Tibeto Burmans) and Kami (occupational caste: cobbler). Currently there are four community forest users groups, with mixed ethnic membership, organized to manage the forest resources. The endowments, weak institutional settings, before 1990 helped the Bhramins, Magars and Tamangs to get access into the private forest endowment, which made them easy to get access to the forest resources, mainly fuel wood, fodder and timber in 1990 and enhanced their well beings. But the socially backward Kami could not get benefit from the institutions that existed during that time and had less chance to enhance their well beings. After the set up of different endowments during late 199os, i.e.,hand over of forest management to users groups in line with the concept of community forest,environment to use the forest resources became better for all the groups, along with the management of the forest. This enhanced the well beings of all the groups in the study village. However, the ability of Kami to use the forest resources to enhance their well beings was still lacking behind. The reason was partially due to the difference in endowments carried over from the endowments before 199o, and partly due to their occupational work and location of their settlements. 相似文献