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1.
九寨沟旅游景观资源保护和规划中GIS的应用 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
本文通过介绍九寨沟灾害预测、岩溶管道空间分析、水资源预测模型的建立与应用 ,阐述地理信息系统在九寨沟旅游资源保护和规划中应用的重要意义. 相似文献
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景观服务评估核心是人与环境之间复杂的动态关系,基于利益相关者的参与式制图方法是建立景观服务分类体系和量化指标的有效途径。本文采用参与式制图方法,以九寨沟自然保护区为例,根据景观服务分类研究成果,并结合九寨沟自然资源特点和景观服务使用者半结构式访谈数据,提出了适用于九寨沟的景观服务指标体系。本研究方法以管理局工作人员、居民和游客等服务使用者作为参与式调研对象,分别就其需求和景观服务感知程度进行半结构式访谈,并利用GIS技术将数据空间位置和功能属性结合,得到九寨沟有3大类景观服务和17个相关指标,以及737个景观服务点。通过研究结果可知,当地村落建筑与众多景观服务指标（包括观鸟场所、野营旅游、民俗与节庆等13个指标）具有极强的空间关联性。同时,景观服务使用者感知的景观价值在空间上属于聚集分布形式,主要围绕着开放生态旅游的3条沟谷分布,并向外围扩散。其中景观服务的“高—高”空间聚集区主要分布在沟口等与人类需求密切联系的区域,而景观服务的“低—低”空间聚集区则主要分布在原始森林等与人类居住、活动相距较远的区域。综上,基于参与式制图方法建立的景观服务分类和空间分析,发现九寨沟景观服务的空间位置与使用者紧密相关,其景观价值的空间结构特征是服务使用者与环境长期互动的结果,该结果可以用来引导并进一步优化九寨沟的功能分区规划。 相似文献
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选取九寨沟MS7.0地震应急流动台网6个台站2017-08-14～12-31记录的三分向连续波形资料,通过计算噪声功率谱密度及相应的概率密度函数分布,统计不同频率噪声水平PSD值的分布,对比地球新噪声模型,分析应急流动台网台站噪声水平的变化特征。结果表明,流动台站高频段噪声没有明显的地理空间分布特征,影响台站水平和垂直分向噪声水平的噪声源不同或者同一噪声源在水平和垂直分向的强度不同;受人为噪声和自然噪声的影响,平均噪声水平明显高于NHNM和NLNM的平均值,部分台站接近或高于NHNM。人为噪声和自然噪声都是宽频的,人为噪声与人类生产、生活作息相关,具有明显的昼夜变化,且在固定时段内可以产生某单一频率的固定噪声;自然噪声中小溪流水可以产生持续的高频噪声,不同频段的噪声水平也不同,没有明显的昼夜变化。 相似文献
4.
An earthquake in the Jiuzhaigou area caused numerous secondary disasters, such as rolling stones, land collapse, landslides and debris flow, which badly affected the safety of human settlements and influenced the spatial layout of the post-disaster reconstruction. Therefore, carrying out assessments of land and identifying a suitable zone for human habitats were very important. This research creates the territorial suitability assessment and function zoning conceptual model in the earthquake-stricken area, and the new methods of the territorial suitability evaluation system were used to divide the spatial functional zones of the earthquake stricken area, which provide a theoretical guidance and decisionmaking basis for the reconstruction of the disaster area. The results showed that:(1) The Jiuzhaigou earthquake-stricken area comprises of an ecological area that has a high level of importance to the ecosystem. In the earthquake-stricken area, 65% of national land is at an altitude of 3000-4000 m, and therefore not suitable for a high level of intensive reconstruction, but reconstructed in an eco-friendly manner.(2) The zone suitable for reconstruction comprises mainly of the river valley and the flat terrain of western parts. The land with low suitability is mainly located on steep terrain, such as highmountains and low gullies. The geographic and geomorphic conditions limit the spread of a suitable reconstruction zone.(3) The earthquake-stricken area mainly comprises of a tourism industry gathering area, population gathering area, agriculture and animal husbandry development area, and ecological preservation area with areas of 76 km~2, 44 km~2, 1591 km~2 and 7512 km~2, respectively. Scientifically zoning the reconstruction areas using scientific evaluation may provide guidance for the location of reconstruction sites. 相似文献
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On August 8, 2017, a Ms 7.0 earthquake occurred 5 km to the west of Jiuzhaigou National Park, causing 25 deaths and injuring 525. The objective of this study was to explore the seismogenic fault of the earthquake and tectonic dynamics of the source rupture. Field investigations, radon activity tests, remote sensing interpretations, and geophysical data analyses were carried out immediately after the earthquake. The Jiuzhaigou earthquake occurred at the intersection of the northern margin of the Minshan uplift belt and the south part of the Wenxian–Maqin fault in the south margin of the West Qinling geosyncline. There are two surface rupture zones trending northwest(NW), which are ground coseismic ruptures caused by concealed earthquake faults. The rupture on the southwest is the structure triggering the earthquake, along the Jiuzhaitiantang–Epicenter–Wuhuahai. The other one on the northeast(Shangsizhai–Zhongcha–Bimang) is a reactivation and extension of the secondary fault trending NW. The source rupture of this earthquake is a strike-slipshear fracture associated with the fault plane trending NW 331° and steeply dipping 75°, which is continuously expanding at both ends. The tectonic dynamics process of the source rupture is that the "Jiuzhaigou protrusion" is left-lateral sheared along the seismogenic fault in the NW direction. Finally, the Maqin fault and the arc fault system at the top of the "Wenxian protrusion" will be gradually broken through sometime in far future, as well as earthquaketriggered landslides will be further occurred along the narrow corridor between the seismogenic faults. The research results revealed the basic geological data and tectonic dynamic mechanism in this earthquake. 相似文献
7.
Many natural landscapes that lie in high mountain regions are highly susceptible to geological hazards, and their values and integrity are strongly threatened by the hazards. A preliminary framework was proposed to undertake a quantitative assessment of the impact of earthquake-induced geological hazards on the natural landscapes. Four factors reflecting the aesthetic value, ecological value, integrity of landscapes were selected to assess their vulnerability. The impact of earthquake-induced geological hazards on the landscapes is quantitatively expressed as the product of their vulnerability and resilience. The assessment framework was applied to Jiuzhaigou Valley which was severely struck by the Ms 7.0 earthquake on August 8, 2017. Field survey, satellite image interpretation, high-resolution DEM and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) reconnaissance were used to retrieve the values of the assessment factors. Twenty seven World Heritage Sites in the valley strongly influenced by the earthquakeinduced geohazards were evaluated. The impact values of two sites of them(Sparking Lake and Nuorilang Waterfall) are up to 8.24 and 4.65, respectively, and their natural landscapes were greatly damaged. The assessment results show a good agreement with the actual damages of the heritage sites. 相似文献
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为提高九寨沟2017-08-08 MS7.0地震的InSAR同震形变场精度，厘清发震断层的构造形态及形成机制，对形变区相干系数进行统计分析并确定相干性阈值，利用GACOS对形变场进行大气校正，再根据余震分布和地质背景确定发震断层的基本形状，最后基于Okada弹性半空间位错模型反演发震断层的滑动分布。改正后的InSAR同震形变场显示，视线向最大下沉为25 cm，最大抬升为10 cm，分别位于震中西北和东南，形变长轴为北西向,主要形变区位于发震断层西部。改正后的InSAR形变场残差均方根较改正前小，最大滑动量为0.9 m，平均滑动角为-0.5°，破裂主要集中在地下1~20 km范围内，矩震级为6.5，与USGS和GCMT等机构的结果一致。研究表明，利用GACOS改正九寨沟InSAR同震形变场对提高形变场精度具有一定的作用，反演断层滑动分布的结果较改正前差别不明显，发震断层的属性与虎牙断裂北段的性质基本一致。结合余震重定位结果可以推断，发震断层为虎牙断裂的北向延伸部分，此次地震事件为巴颜喀拉地块南东向扭转与华南地块碰撞的结果，中下地壳粘性流体的差异分布是导致虎牙断裂倾角变化的主要原因。 相似文献
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提取巴颜喀拉地块东部边界鲜水河断裂、龙门山断裂及边界附近西秦岭构造区跨断层灰色关联度指标曲线，根据1999~2007年、2009~2015年及2015~2017年GPS速度场数据计算所得的鲜水河断裂、龙门山断裂及塔藏断裂剖面变化，通过对比分析寻找地块边界断裂活动的共性特征。结果表明，2009年巴颜喀拉地块东部出现显著的SE向加速运动，之后数年一直维持这种高速特性，汶川8级地震的发生调整了该地区的应力状态，有利于芦山7级地震及九寨沟7级地震的发生；2015~2017年巴颜喀拉地块东部在维持高速运动和高应力状态基础上继续增速变化，地块边界鲜水河断裂2016~2017-07跨断层观测数据显示的显著拉张加速变化与九寨沟地震有一定关联，具中期背景性预测意义。 相似文献
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Surface ozone in Jiuzhaigou National Park, eastern rim of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Daniel JAFFE 《山地科学学报》2012,9(5):687-696
Located in southwestern China, Jiuzhaigou National Park is one of the most popular tourism destinations in China, famous for its unique aquatic ecosystems and beautiful forests. However, plants in the park may be at high ozone risk as a result of the intensive use of diesel tour buses in the park. In addition, Jiuzhaigou is close to a region with relatively high regional anthropogenic NO x emissions. During the growing season, also the peak season of tourism, we measured ozone concentration at two sites within the Park and these were: Jiuzhaigou Bureau (JB) and Long Lake (LL). The results indicate that ozone concentrations were not high enough to cause foliar injury during the monitoring period, although the risk of ozone to plants was higher in spring than in summer and autumn. Diurnal ozone cycles at JB and LL displayed significantly higher ozone concentrations in the daytime than in the nighttime, suggesting photochemical production of ozone during the day and ozone deposition during the night as a result of the nocturnal boundary layer. In parallel with the seasonal change of background surface ozone in the Northern Hemisphere, maximum daily 8-h average ozone concentration (MDA8) and daily ozone concentration decreased from spring to autumn at the two sites. This temporal variation in Jiuzhaigou was most likely associated with the downward mixing of ozone-rich air from the free troposphere, because all the high-ozone events (MDA8 > 70.0 ppb) were observed in spring and ozone-rich air from the free troposphere was the dominant cause. In summary, our data suggest that ozone concentrations in Jiuzhaigou were more affected by the regional-scale of background pattern in air quality and meteorological conditions than by local tourist activities. 相似文献
11.
《山地科学学报》2019,(11)
Jiuzhaigou is a world-heritage site located in the plateau area of Northwest Sichuan Province,China. Serious slope failures in the epicentral area were triggered by the Ms7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake occurred on August 8, 2017. The source areas of the hazards are usually concentrated near ridge crests,revealing the possible occurrence of ground motion amplification phenomena. To explore the role of the amplification of ground motions in the formation of earthquake-triggered slope failures, two seismometers were installed, on the next day after the main shock, at the bottom of the slope of Jubao Mountain near the seismogenic fault. The two monitoring sites are located at elevations of 1414 m(J1) and 1551 m(J2, the top of the mountain). Five aftershocks were recorded by the monitoringinstruments. We compared the mean levels of the peak ground acceleration(PGA) observed at different locations, and investigated the directional variations in the shaking energy by analyzing the polar diagrams of the Arias intensity(Ia). Then, in order to identify the directional resonance phenomenon and their frequencies and amplification coefficients, we examined the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio(HVSR) and the standard spectral ratio(SSR). Polar diagrams of the Arias intensity(Ia) indicated that the site response of Jubao Mountain showed a pronounced directivity(in the EW direction) with shaking maxima near the hill top oriented orthogonally to the elongation of the relief. We observed an obvious resonance phenomenon at site J2 at relatively low frequencies(2.5-9 Hz) and very weak spectral amplifications at site J1 at high frequencies(5-15 Hz), which suggested that the predominant frequency of monitoring site J2 was obviously attenuated and that the difference in the spectra was related to the influences of the local-scalesite conditions of the whole mountain. The results of spectral ratio analyses(HVSR and SSR) showed that the direction of resonance was concentrated around an EW orientation, and the amplification factors near the hill top were larger than 2. It suggests that geologic factors also play a significant role in the anisotropic amplifications affecting the tops of slopes besides the topographic effects. 相似文献
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对2017年九寨沟MS7.0地震进行强地面运动模拟,应用复合震源模型建立特定圆形子震分布的断层破裂运动学模型,对地震矩、应力降、破裂速度、子断层尺寸和震源深度等参数进行敏感性分析,得到一组合理的震源参数,然后基于复合震源模型计算得到该地区地震动,最后与观测的峰值加速度(PGA)、反应谱和PGA的空间分布特征进行对比。结果表明,该模型整体上可以再现各台站地震动强度特征,验证了复合震源模型计算强地面运动的有效性,同时敏感性规律也为复合震源模型计算缺乏强震记录区域的地震动参数的变化区间提供了依据。 相似文献
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以2017年九寨沟7.0级地震为例,使用重力场向上解析延拓算法计算邻近空间中可能与孕震相关的重力变化,以探讨未来邻近空间无人重力测量技术在地震监测应用中的观测精度需求。结果表明,地面上约为70μGal的重力变化在20 km处衰减为18μGal。 相似文献
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基于2017年九寨沟MS7.0地震破裂模型及区域均匀分层粘弹性地壳模型，计算此次地震引起的周边地区同震及震后库仑应力变化，讨论地震对周边若干活动断层的影响。结果表明，此次地震增加了虎牙断裂北段发震破裂区两端的库仑应力，最大同震库仑应力增量为148 kPa，在很大程度上超过地震应力触发阈值10 kPa，震后50 a内破裂区两端的库仑应力有所增强，但增量较小，仅在3~5 kPa左右；虎牙断裂南段同震库仑应力增量较小，在3 kPa左右，震后50 a内应力基本无变化；塔藏断裂带西北段的同震应力增量在5～33 kPa之间，在大部分区域超出应力触发阈值，震后应力有所加强，但是增量较小(约为3 kPa)。库仑应力加载有可能增加以上活动断层的地震危险性，需加强监测。地震对雪山断裂带西段(以虎牙断裂与雪山断裂交叉点为界)的影响较小，其同震库仑应力最大增量仅在6.15 kPa左右，未超过地震应力触发阈值。同时，地震还减小了雪山断裂带东段、白龙江断裂舟曲段、岷江断裂北部以及龙日坝断裂北部地区的库仑应力，可能短时间内减小了这些地区的地震危险性；而对距离震中较远(150 km以外)的地区(如青川断裂)影响十分微弱，其同震与震后应力变化可忽略不计。 相似文献
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Seismogenic fault and topography control on the spatial patterns of landslides triggered by the 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
WU Chun-hao CUI Peng LI Yu-sheng Irasema Alcántara AYALA HUANG Chao YI Shu-jian 《山地科学学报》2018,15(4):793-807
Jiuzhaigou National Park, located in northwest plateau of Sichuan Province, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and one of the most popular scenic areas in China. On August 8, 2017, a Mw 6.5 earthquake occurred 5 km to the west of a major scenic area, causing 25 deaths and injuring 525, and the Park was seriously affected. The objective of this study was to explore the controls of seismogenic fault and topographic factors on the spatial patterns of these landslides. Immediately after the main shock, field survey, remote-sensing investigations, and statistical and spatial analysis were undertaken. At least 2212 earthquake-triggered landslides were identified, covering a total area of 11.8 km~2. Thesewere mainly shallow landslides and rock falls. Results demonstrated that landslides exhibited a close spatial correlation with seismogenic faults. More than 85% of the landslides occurred at 2200 to 3700 m elevations. The largest quantity of landslides was recorded in places with local topographic reliefs ranging from 200 to 500 m. Slopes in the range of ~20°-50° are the most susceptible to failure. Landslides occurred mostly on slopes facing east-northeast(ENE), east(E), east-southeast(ESE), and southeast(SE), which were nearly vertical to the orientation of the seismogenic fault slip. The back-slope direction and thin ridge amplification effects were documented. These results provide insights on the control of the spatial pattern of earthquake-triggered landslides modified by the synergetic effect of seismogenic faults and topography. 相似文献
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利用2017-08-08九寨沟MS7.0地震前震区北侧青藏块体东北缘跨断层短水准观测资料，以及震后8月、9月两期加密复测结果，综合观测曲线、异常时空演化特征及特征强度指标，分析九寨沟地震前断层形变异常及震后变化。结果显示，九寨沟地震前1 a多西秦岭至六盘山构造区异常比较集中；震前1~3个月西秦岭构造区及其附近(震区周边300 km范围内)短期异常增多，异常特性以逆断性突跳为主，对该次地震有中短期-短期前兆反映；震后1个月西秦岭构造区多数异常调整恢复。 相似文献
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基于紧凑约束最小二乘优化反演算法，利用2014~2017年地表重力变化观测成果，反演得到2017年九寨沟MS7.0地震前震中及周边地区的地壳三维密度变化。结果表明：1）在震中及周边地区出现大范围的重力变化，并沿张掖-西宁-九寨沟一带形成最大值达9 μGal的重力变化梯度带；2） 地壳密度变化量随深度增加而增大，其中在45 km附近达到最大，为0.2 g/cm3；3） 震中及邻区范围内形成密度变化的正负四象限分布（2014-04~2017-04），其表现的物质运移方向呈左旋走滑式分布，与震源机制解基本一致。据此推断，在震前产生了与地震孕育相关的深部构造运动，而强震易发生在物质运移汇聚地方。 相似文献
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推导地表重力变化数据球谐展开计算公式,并根据该方法分析2017年九寨沟MS7.0地震前震源周边区域重力场动态演化特征。结果表明：1） 2015-04～2017-04九寨沟地震震源周边区域重力场动态变化明显。2015-10～2016-04、2016-04～10和2016-10～2017-04这3个时段内,研究区内出现重力正负变化过渡带,九寨沟地震震源位于这3个时段过渡带的交会区域内部。震源附近2016-10～2017-04正负重力变化过渡带的空间走向与2015-10～2016-04和2016-04～10时段结果相比发生了约90° 旋转,九寨沟地震发生时间在过渡带空间走向旋转之后。流动重力观测数据较好地反映了九寨沟地震的前兆现象。2）采用球谐方法分析重力变化数据可以有效突出研究范围内大尺度重力场动态演化规律,抑制局部细节特征,有利于识别主要重力场变化特征。 相似文献
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Measuring recreational value of world heritage sites based on contingent valuation method: A case study of Jiuzhaigou 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
World heritage possesses various kinds of use value and non-use value. Measuring the recreational value of world heritage sites is a key issue in the heritage tourism. This paper employs Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), which is an evaluation instrument on the basis of tourists′ attitude and preference, to measure the recreational value of Jiuzhaigou, one of the World Natural Heritage sites in China, and analyzes the biases in the survey. The results show that: 1) In 2009, Jiuzhaigou′s recreational value was 3.46×108 yuan (RMB), and the per capita Willingness to Pay (WTP) was 137.31 yuan by CVM. Compared with the results of other methods, this result is significantly low. 2) Among the factors that influence Jiuzhaigou tourists′ WTP, psychological perception factors have the greatest effect while demographic and socio-economic characteristics have a small effect on WTP. 3) The virtuality in CVM creates biases both from CVM itself and in the procedures that CVM was implemented. The former includes hypothetical bias, information bias, protest response bias, and strategic bias; and the latter includes the questionnaire design, population and sample definition, sampling and data processing. The paper analyses those biases and illustrates their potential in-fluences on the accuracy of CVM measurement. 4) Although there are various defects in CVM measurement, it is still an effective valuation method. 相似文献