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本法以硫酸、硝酸和高氯酸为氧化剂,加热氧化破坏试样中存在的品质和非晶质炭。一般10g试样需用8—10ml H_2SO_4、0.2ml HNO_3和1ml高氯酸。将试样与混合酸共热20min,即可达到破坏试样中炭的目的。然后用王水分解样品,聚醚型聚氨酯泡沫塑料富集,硫脲解脱,原子吸收测定金。 相似文献
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本文通过阐述用过氧化钠碱熔法处理矿样,以盐酸—柠檬酸—过氧化氢混合酸液提取样品,可有效避免硅胶的产生和钼、钨酸沉淀的生成。选择Mo 202.031nm、W207.912 nm、Cu 324.754nm、Pb 220.353nm、Zn 213.856nm谱线作为钼钨铜铅锌的分析线,用ICP-AES光谱法测定。各元素检测限分别为钼0.005μg/mL,钨0.010μg/mL,铜0.012μg/mL,铅0.018μg/mL,锌0.006μg/mL。通过对标准物质试样测试,待测元素含量值与认定值相符。该方法精密度、准确度良好,可适用于生产中同时对大批量矿石中钨钼铜铅锌含量的快速测定。 相似文献
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本文研究了大理岩中锰的火焰原子吸收测定方法。大量钙的存在干扰锰的测定，试验确定采用饱和消除法，效果良好。本法的精密度（RSD）为5．51％，试样加标回收率为99．4％。[第一段] 相似文献
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在稀土元素钇、镧共存时 ,以变色酸双偶氮类试剂为显色剂 ,在 pH为 2的介质中 ,加入乙醇 ,利用溶剂化效应 ,提高Y ,La络合物性质的差异 ,从而可在一阶导数光谱上消除La的影响而直接测定Y。测定波长 675nm ,摩尔吸光系数ε为 1 .73× 1 0 4 L·mol- 1 ·cm- 1 ,九次测定变异系数为 1 .92 % ,Y3 含量在 0～ 40 0 μg/L范围内符合比耳定律 ,该方法快速简便 ,适合于矿物原料、钢铁、合金中钇的测定。 相似文献
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采用多种酸溶矿（HCl-HNO3-HClO—HF）,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪,建立了适用于土壤、水系沉积物等样品中钡、铍等19种元素的同时测定方法。并用国家标准物质验证了方法的准确度和精密度,其相对误差均小于10％,样品12次测定的RSD为0．9％～5％。 相似文献
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以小杂鱼或低值鱼为原料 ,采用常温溶剂萃取法进行脱脂 ,研究了不同溶剂、溶剂混合比、流速和萃取时间对鱼类脱脂的影响。结果表明 ,在常温下用等体积的异丙醇和乙酸乙酯混合溶剂 ,以流速 4～ 8mL/min连续萃取 4～ 6h ,脱脂鱼肉的脂肪平均含量w为 0 .19%,脱脂率高达96 .2 6 %。该方法的溶剂损耗量为加热溶剂萃取法的 1/3倍。 相似文献
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根据汞的热不稳定性,采用热释法测定土壤中的汞,以NaOH和Na2O2为化学吸附剂,直接取样进行测定。方法快速、简便,检出限≤4.0ng/g。经国家一级标准物质分析验证,结果与标准值相符,20次测定的RSD均小于3%。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2020,19(3)
This study aimed to present a novel clay/biochar composite adsorption particle, which made from abandoned reed straw and clay to remove ammonia nitrogen(NH_4~+-N) from micro-contaminated water. The removal performance of NH_4~+-N by composite adsorption particle was monitored under different raw material proportions and initial NH_4~+-N concentration. Besides, adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms were investigated to reveal the adsorption mechanisms. The results showed that NH_4~+-N was effectively removed under optimal proportion of biochar, foaming agent and crosslinker with 20%, 3%, and 3%, respectively. The optimal contact time was 150 min and the best removal efficiency was 88.6% at initial NH_4~+-N concentration of 20 mg L~(-1). The adsorption performance was well described by the second order kinetic model and Freundlich model. The novel clay/biochar composite adsorption particle in this study demonstrated a high potential for NH_4~+-N removal from surface water. 相似文献
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波吉卵囊藻的固定化培养及利用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以褐藻酸钙为固定化载体,探讨了胶球直径、不同接种量、CaCl2溶液浓度、褐藻酸钠浓度等条件对波吉卵囊藻(Oocystisborgei)固定化培养及对养殖水体水质的影响。结果表明:波吉卵囊藻固定化培养的最好条件是微藻接种量为1×106 mL-1,CaCl2溶液的质量浓度为30g/L,褐藻酸钠溶液的质量浓度为20g/L。在此条件下制备的固定化藻珠,波吉卵囊藻的生物量从1 83×10-2 mg/粒增加到17. 46×10-2 mg/粒,增加了近10倍,生长率相对较高,证明了它的生理活性不会因固定化而受干扰。引入固定化的波吉卵囊藻不但可以降低养殖水体中氨氮、亚硝酸氮等有害因子的浓度,还能提高水中溶解氧含量,使水体环境长时间处于良好的动态平衡状态。 相似文献
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在室内水泥池,利用沙层自净养殖模式和直接铺沙养殖模式对不同规格的方斑东风螺(Babylonia areolataLink)进行了高密度养殖的研究。结果表明,沙层自净养殖模式养殖小螺、中螺、大螺组日均增重分别为0.031、0.088、0.098 g/d,沙层NH4+-N最高含量w分别为1.3、2.1、3.1 mg/L,H2S最高含量w分别为0.03、0.07、0.14mg/L,各规格组东风螺保持正常生长和活动,成活率92.9%以上;直接铺沙养殖模式养殖小螺、中螺、大螺日均增重分别为:0.023、0.051、0.068 g/d,成活率分别为95.2%、86.7%、84.9%,沙层NH4+-N最高含量w达到13.7mg/L,H2S最高含量w达到0.47 mg/L,沙层底质恶化,东风螺活动异常、不摄食。可见,沙层自净养殖模式对方斑东风螺的生长、成活率、沙层水质控制效果显著,在一定程度上克服了直接铺沙养殖底质恶化问题。 相似文献
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This study examined levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in estuarine sediments in Licun (Qingdao, China) by gas chromatography under optimized conditions for sample pretreatment via ultrasonic extraction, column chromatography, and thin layer chromatography. Methanol and dichloromethane (DCM)/methanol (2:1, v/v) were used in ultrasonic extraction, and DCM was used as eluate for column chromatography. The developing system consisted of n-hexane and DCM at a ratio of 9:1 (v/v), with DCM as the extraction solvent for PAHs-containing silica gel scraped off the plate. When the spiking level is 100 ng, total recoveries of spiked matrices for four target PAHs (phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene and chrysene) were 83.7%, 76.4%, 85.8%, and 88.7%, respectively, with relative standard deviation (RSD) between 5.0% and 6.5% (n = 4). When the spiking level is 1000 ng, associated total recoveries were 78.6%, 72.7%, 82.7% and 85.3%, respectively, with RSD between 4.4% and 5.3% (n = 4). The opti-mized method was advantageous for determination of PAHs in complex matrix due to its effective sample purification. 相似文献
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利用2011～2015年云南区域地震台网的数字波形资料,选取互相衔接的3段几何衰减模型,运用基于遗传算法的Atkinson方法反演云南地区的介质品质因子Q(f),得到云南地区Q值与频率的关系为Q(f)=193.8f0.528。采用Brune的ω平方模型约束震源位移谱,使用Moya方法联合多台多地震数据计算得到46个台站的场地响应。结果显示,岩石台基对地震波信号在不同频段的放大作用并不相同,云南地区场地响应总体存在明显的低频放大、高频衰减现象,在卓越频段1～4 Hz场地放大倍数大多在1～10倍,而在高频段（10 Hz以上）场地的衰减大多在0.05~1倍。 相似文献
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卢婷 《大地测量与地球动力学》2016,36(10):907-911
利用四川区域地震台网的数字波形资料以及中国地震台网中心的有关震相数据,选取互相衔接的3段地震波的几何衰减模型,利用基于遗传算法的Atkinson和Mereu方法,反演得到四川攀枝花-西昌地区的介质品质因子Q(f),并采用Brune的ω平方模型约束震源位移谱,使用Moya方法联合多台多地震数据求得该地区各地震台站的场地响应。结果显示,2008-05~2013-12期间攀西地区介质衰减模型为Q(f)=94.4f0.665 9,2014-01~2015-06期间该地区介质衰减模型为Q(f)=83.9f0.719 6,两个时间段的反演结果十分接近,且均呈现出低Q0和较高衰减系数γ的特点,即该地区地震波衰减明显偏高,同时Q对频率f的依赖较大;场地响应方面,岩石台基对地震波信号在不同频率点的放大作用不同,其中MGU、PGE和SMK地震台场地增益较大,YYU、YYC地震台场地放大倍数在1~2之间平稳变化,LGH地震台场地响应随频率增大而快速衰减。结合上述计算结果推测,攀西地区构造活跃、上地壳结构极不均匀、地震波能量衰减强烈是造成该区域Q0低异常的主要原因。 相似文献
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Assessment of point and nonpoint sources pollution in Songhua River Basin,Northeast China by using revised water quality model 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
Individual participation of pollutants in the pollution load should be estimated even if roughly for the appropriate environmental management of a river basin. It is difficult to identify the sources and to quantify the load, especially in modeling nonpoint source. In this study a revised model was established by integrating point and nonpoint sources into one-dimensional Streeter-Phelps (S-P) model on the basis of real-time hydrologic data and surface water quality monitoring data in the Jilin Reach of the Songhua River Basin. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH_3-N) loads were estimated. Results showed that COD loads of point source and nonpoint source were 134 958 t/yr and 86 209 t/yr, accounting for 61.02% and 38.98% of total loads, respectively. NH_3-N loads of point source and nonpoint source were 16 739 t/yr and 14 272 t/yr, accounting for 53.98% and 46.02%, respectively. Point source pollution was stronger than nonpoint source pollution in the study area at present. The water quality of upstream was better than that of downstream of the rivers and cities. It is indispensable to treat industrial wastewater and municipal sewage out of point sources, to adopt the best management practices to control diffuse pollutants from agricultural land and urban surface runoff in improving water quality of the Songhua River Basin. The revised S-P model can be successfully used to identify pollution source and quantify point source and nonpoint source loads by calibrating and validating. 相似文献
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《中国海洋湖沼学报》2021,(3)
Bacteria are important regulators of carbon cycling in lakes and are central to sediment ecosystem processes. However, the sediment microbial communities and their respiratory responses to the lake wetland succession are poorly understood. In this study, we collected sediment samples from four different succession points(the Potamogeton lucens zone, the Scirpus tabernaemontani zone, the Scirpus triqueter zone, and the Juncus effusus zone) in the Caohai Wetland of the Guizhou Plateau(China). The bacterial communities at these succession points were studied using a high-throughput sequencing approach. The sediment microbial respiration(SR) was measured using static chambers in the field and basal respiration(BR) was determined in the laboratory. The results show that the dominant bacterial taxa in the sediment was Proteobacteria(34.7%), Chloroflexi(17.8%), Bacteroidetes(7.3%), Acidobacteria(6.6%), and Cyanobacteria(6.1%). Principal coordinate analysis showed that the microbial community structure differs significantly at different sampling points along the successional gradient, indicating that the bacterial community structure is sensitive to the lake wetland succession. Different hydrological regimes and soil characteristics such as NH_4~+-N, Fe~(2+), Mn~(2+), and sediment organic carbon(SOC) content may be important factors responsible for the differences in the sediment microbial characteristics of the different successional stages in the Caohai wetland. Additionally, it was found that the SR increased significantly from the P. lucens zone to the J. effusus zone, but BR had the opposite response. The shifts in the bacterial community structure along the successional gradient may be the main reason for the observed differences in sediment respiration. 相似文献
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浙东南地区次生石英岩型红柱石矿床为一种新的矿产类型,本文简要地总结该类矿床的地质特征和矿床特征,探讨了成矿地质条件和矿床成因,认为该类型红柱石矿床是由火山岩经火山热液蚀变形成次生石英岩,然后经热接触变质作用,致使部分铝硅酸盐矿物脱水分解形成红柱石矿床. 相似文献
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A new kinetic spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of iron (Ⅲ). The method is based on the catalytic effect of iron (Ⅲ) on the oxidation of weak acid brilliant blue dye (RAWL) by KIO4 in acid medium. The advantages of the proposed method are that it is sensitive, accurate, rapid, inexpensive, can be operated under room temperature and has a large determination concentration range compared to other techniques. The obtained optimum conditions are: pH 3.15, RAWL (200 mgL-1) 5.00mL, Potassium periodate solution (0.01 molL-1) 0.30mL, phenanthroline (0.02molL-1) 1.00mL, reaction temperature 25℃ and reaction time 7 miu. With this method iron could quantitively be determined in the range 0.00-0.02 mgL-1, the detection limit being 4.10×10-10mL-1. The relative standard deviations (RSD) in five replicate determinations for 3 μgL-1 and 5μgL-1 iron (Ⅲ) are 3.1% and 1.9%, respectively. The method has been applied to the determination of iron (Ⅲ) in tap water samples and seawater samples (from the South China Sea), the recovery rates being 98.0% and 100.5%, respectively. 相似文献