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1.
Pile foundation is one of the most commonly used and suitable foundations to support transmission line structure, especially in seasonally frozen soil regions and permafrost regions. Axial compression is the controlling condition in the design of foundations for such structures as bridges and buildings, while uplift and overturning will control the design of transmission line structure foundations. This paper presents an extensive overview of previous studies including experimental (e. g., laboratory model test and full-scale field load test), analytical/theoretical (e. g., limit equilibrium and limit analysis based on plasticity)and numerical(e. g., finite difference and finite element methods). The review indicates that study on the uplift behavior of pile foundation in frozen soil is relatively limited, particularly in the case of combined effect of axial uplift and lateral loading. Interaction between pile and frozen soil and mechanism of load transfer along the pile shaft and around the pile tip still remain unclear. Therefore, this paper implements finite difference analysis within FLAC3D to investigate the behavior of pile foundation in frozen silty clay and gravelly sand under axial uplift behavior and the effect of ground condition and lateral loading on the uplift behavior. Because of the axisymmetric condition of the problem studied, only half of the model is simulated. The chosen domain of the medium is discretized into a set of quadrilateral elements and the pile is discretized by the cylinder element. The interaction between the soil and pile is considered according to interface elements. Mohr-Coulomb criterion is adopted to model the soil behavior (perfectly elastic-plastic), while the pile is simply considered as a rigid body. The soil parameters such as Young’s modulus, cohesion and internal friction angle used for numerical analyses are determined by laboratory tests and estimated according to the empirical correlations with in-situ tests. The present numerical modeling is verified with the results from field loading tests on pile foundations in Qinghai-Tibet ±550 kV transmission line project. On this basis, parametric studies are carried out to uncover the behavior of pile in frozen soil. It is observed that pullout is the dominant failure mechanism of pile and the uplift load-displacement curve clearly exhibits an asymptote, consisting of initially linear elastic, nonlinear transition, and finally linear regions. These results are consistent with the observations in a few previous studies. In addition, larger uplift capacity of pile foundation in freezing period and gravelly sand is gained (about 20%). Lateral loading increases the deflection and therefore, decreases the uplift capacity of pile foundation. For the convenience of using the results obtained in practice, the values of uplift factor for pile foundation in silty clay and gravelly sand are provided. Finally, it should be noted that the method used, and the results obtained in the current work could be useful for engineers and designers, at least providing them some qualitative evidence for pile design in seasonally frozen soil regions and permafrost regions. This is important and necessary to ensure the safety of construction in such regions. Meanwhile, numerical analyses in the current work can be a benchmark example for subsequent research studies. © 2022 Science Press (China). 相似文献
2.
Vladimir P. Vlasov 《冰川冻土》2004,26(Z1):189-193
The vast majority of buildings in Russia have been constructed on pile foundations incorporating a ventilated air space between the structure and ground surface (passive construction method, or Principle I in the Russian Building Code 2.02.04-88). Warming of the frozen soil during the life of the structure is one of the primary factors leading to structural damage. This paper presents a new technique for preventing failure in engineering structures. 相似文献
3.
Li Guocheng Wang Jingtao School of Civil Engineering Huazhong University of Science Technology Wuhan 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2001,12(4)
INTRODUCTIONWhen the soil beneath a footing or raft is too weak or toocompressible t() provide adequate support, the loads are trans-ferred to more suitable soil layers at a greater depth by meansof piles. With the continuous development of the construction,the pile, one of the most important foundation styles, is widelyapplied. For various reasons, defects of different types anddamages of different degrees easiIy occur during the process ofconst ruct 1on.In general, the defects in piles … 相似文献
4.
Particle breakage is a common occurrence in granular systems when the external stress exceeds the individual particle strength.A large number of experimental evidences suggested that particle breakage may significantly influence the soil behavior.In the case of pile foundations,the subsoil below the pile tip experiences considerable high stress and consequently prone to break.Due to the lack of sufficient understanding on particle breakage mechanism,there is currently no consentaneous theoretical background for particle breakage analysis during the pile penetration process.This study aims to clarify the location of particle breakage and its evolving characteristics with the aid of acoustic emission(AE)source location method.The spatial distribution of AE hypocenters is interpreted to be associated with the mechanism of particle breakage.Results showed that the AE sources were not uniformly distributed,but concentrated within certain zones below the pile tip.This AE concentration zone was pushed downward with the advancing pile tip,and its distance from the real time pile tip position decreased after certain depth of pile penetration.The location of particle breakage interpreted from AE source location was verified with posttest excavations and the insights on the particle breakage evolution zone were further discussed. 相似文献
5.
Seasonally frozen soils are widely distributed in China in terms of area,and the freeze-thaw cycle effect generated by the alternation of cold and warmth is one of the causes of engineering damage in cold areas during construction,and it is particularly important to restore the nature and state of the soil when it is subjected to freeze-thaw action. Therefore,sandy soil specimens with different numbers of freeze-thaw cycles were prepared,and the long-term strength of frozen sandy soil was tested using a spherical template indenter. Using fractal theory and the microstructure image processing software ImageJ,the change law of grain group and long-term strength of two frozen sandy soils under different numbers of freeze-thaw cycles were studied. The results show that：for fine sand（FS）,the fractal dimension DB has a highly significant positive correlation with the long-term strength variation,among which ≥0. 15~0. 20 mm and ≥0. 25~0. 40 mm have the best fit with the long-term strength,and are the dominant grain classes of FS. For medium sand（MS）,the fractal dimension DB is slightly positively correlated with the long-term strength,and the variation shows a“vertical N”trend,in which the grain size content of ≥0. 30~0. 40 mm and ≥0. 40 mm fits better with the long-term strength,and is the dominant grain class for MS. The content of other grain groups did not correlate significantly with the long-term strength change. The freeze-thaw action changed the content ratios of coarse and fine grain agglomerates in the soil. With the increase of the overall particle size interval,the dominant particle size also increases,which shows that the long-term strength of frozen sandy soil tends to decrease and then increase with the increase of the content of some particle sizes. The results of the study can provide theoretical reference for the determination of long-term strength in areas subject to freeze-thaw action. © 2022 Science Press (China). 相似文献
6.
Frozen soil is generally regarded as a strongly rheological geomaterial. The strength attenuation of frozen soil is an important inducement for disease and instability in subgrade engineering, pile engineering and artificial freezing construction. Few efforts have been made to investigate the attenuation characteristics of strength envelope surface for frozen soil under complex stress states experimentally and theoretically. Considering this, at a temperature of -6 ℃, a series of triaxial stress relaxation tests under various confining pressures were carried out on the frozen subgrade soil specimens at strength points. The degeneration of strength parameters and stress attenuation process of frozen soil under complex stress states were systematically studied. The degradation law and mechanism of cohesion and internal friction angle are synchronously revealed in the stress relaxation process. Testing results indicate that the stress relaxation process of compacted frozen soil is significantly influenced by confining pressure. The stress relaxation ratio is increasing linearly with the rise of confining pressure if the confining pressure is beyond 1. 5 MPa. The anti-relaxation ability of frozen soil is greatly reduced during high confining pressure conditions:the stress relaxation ratio of frozen soil is only 41. 94% under 1. 5 MPa, but exceeds 90. 30% under 16 MPa. The strength of frozen soil attenuates linearly with time in the semi-logarithmic coordinate system. When the confining pressure is higher than 1. 5 MPa, the strength attenuation rate of frozen soil increases with the rise of confining pressure. As the development of stress relaxation of frozen soil, cohesion decreases linearly but internal friction angle increases linearly with time in the semi-logarithmic coordinate system. It manifested that the cementation in frozen soil shows evident rheological features and it is a key inducement for strength attenuation. Moreover, the attenuation law and value of cohesion in frozen soil which is measured by triaxial stress relaxation test are similar to the spherical template indenter test results. This may provide a new test method for obtaining the long-term strength and cohesion of frozen soil. On the basis of test results, the stress states of frozen soil in all stress relaxation curves at 12 relaxation durations were captured, and the rate-dependent variation characteristics of strength envelope in p-q stress space were analyzed in detail. Under high confining pressures, the strength envelope of frozen soil shows different geometric features as time goes on. In addition to the decline of level, the strength surface exhibits clockwise rotation with time, and the third stage sharply decreases at first and then becomes flat. Based on the analysis of characteristics of experimental strength surface and evolution law of strength parameters during the stress relaxation process, a rate-dependent strength theory for frozen soil considering the stress relaxation effect is established in this paper. © 2022 Science Press (China). All rights reserved. 相似文献
7.
土的力学性质对冻胀力影响的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Anatoli Brouchkov 《冰川冻土》2004,26(Z1):26-34
Frost heaving stresses are a result of thermal, mechanical, and chemical forces. The process is complicated, and despite numerous publications on the subject, as yet there is no clear consensus on the model of mechanical interaction for soil freezing. Frost heaving stresses depends on mechanical properties of soil and conditions of measurements. Mechanical equilibrium between water, ice and soil particles based on the generalized Clapeyron equation and deformability of the components is considered. Increase of volume of freezing soil due to water flow to freezing fridge and phase transfer affects surrounding soil layers and appears to be the major reason of change of stress-strain conditions. A simplified model of mechanical interaction between soil and engineering construction is proposed. Experimental results of study of frost heaving forces by sensors of variable frigidity are presented. The experiments with different types of soil in conditions of open and close system were performed to provide a basis for the model and further estimations. Ongoing improvements and possible applications are discussed. 相似文献
8.
大竹卡超基性岩体的动力挤压现象及讨论 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The ultrabasic rocks of Dazuka form the eastern part of Rinbung-Bainang ultramafic massif which is mainly composed of harzburgite intercalated with dunite, and high in MgO. This ultrabasic massif is assigned to magnesian ultramafic massif of Alpine type. In these ultrabasic recks, the major minerals are forsterite, enstatite, diopsite and chrome spinel The rocks are very fresh, and therefore, texture and structure characteristics of compression during tectonic movement are commonly observed. Undulatory extinction, polysynthetic twin, kink band structure, enlongation and contortion of olivine and orthopyrexene crystals, radiating cracks occurring around the chrome spinels and so forth are commonly observed phenomena. All these features show that the massif was under constant action of tectonic compression during its evolution process and after it was basically consolidated. It is reasonable to consider that the tectonic compression was related to plate collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates. 相似文献
9.
The factor of human project activity is often the immediate cause resulting in soil and water loss. The Baoji-Lanzhou second railway in construction is an example. The soil and water loss law caused by earth and stone mountain railway engineering construction in the northwestern China is studied systematically and that caused possibly by the road bed project, the road moat project, the field project, the tunnel project and the service road project in construction is probed. At the same time, the type, the intensity and influencing factor of soil and water loss in the northwest mountain railway construction are also studied. 相似文献
10.
Xiaoyan LIU Jingxin SUN Guocheng MAO Chunlei DAI Chun LI Qianya ZHU Yingli LI 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):96-97
Petroleum pollution in the soil is a common problem in the world. The pollution may not only cause resource waste, but also may result in environment destruction, biology subsistence crisis and human health damage gradually. Biological techniques can be used to remove and transfer petroleum contaminants in the soil. Bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil, which is cost-effective,safe and friendly to environment, is promising. Low temperatures and lack of available nutrients often limit the rate of microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soils in cold region. Some scholars carried out bioremediation technology research on oily soil in cold area. Scientists attempted many measures to increase the temperature of the field. A multidisciplinary team of engineers, microbiologists and electricians has designed and installed a thermally （TIS） enhanced biopile in oil-contaminated soil in Prudhoe Bay, AK. Covered with a black plastic sheet, the pile can also improve temperature condition. Nutrient is another important factor affecting bioremediation. Because of the different constituents in the soil, the proportion of elements is different. To optimize nutrient amendments for the remediation of a long-term hydrocarbon-contaminated site at the Old Casey Station in Antarctica, results showed that the effects of nitrogen （and phosphorus） on microbial are evident. If the method of fertilizing inorganic nutrients is improper, salinity of the soil may be increased and the osmotic potential may be impacted. J.L.Walworth et al. 相似文献
11.
多年冻土区桥梁工程钻孔灌注桩温度场研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
针对多年冻土区钻孔灌注桩施工中混凝土水化热对冻土温度扰动问题,以青藏公路214沿线查拉坪旱桥桩基为实例,结合桩基施工完成后现场地温观测数据,进行了钻孔灌注桩水化热对桩周土体温度的影响研究,并分析桩周土回冻过程中地温场的变化规律.结果表明：混凝土水化热对距桩0.6 m与0.9 m处冻土温度影响较大.距桩2 m的测温孔温度曲线受混凝土水化热的影响较小,可以忽略.桩基施工完成后33天后桩侧开始出现负温,119天后桩侧各土层均降至负温,134天后桩侧土形成稳定冻土,201天后桩侧各土层温度与天然孔较接近. 相似文献
12.
冻土与普通的土体相比具有独特的工程性质。在冻土地区进行桩基础施工后,桩和周围土体在冻土地温及大气温度的作用下逐渐回冻,回冻过程中在冰的胶结作用下桩与周围土体联结成整体共同承受外荷载作用。为了研究回冻前后桩基的承载力变化及变形性质,在大兴安岭地区浇筑了2根15 m试验桩,试验桩中布设了温度监测系统,采集了桩基回冻过程中的温度数据。根据温度监测结果在桩基回冻前后进行了自平衡静载试验,研究了回冻前后桩基承载力、各土（岩）层的侧摩阻力及桩端阻力。研究结果表明,桩基回冻后冻土地温保持在-1.9 ℃桩基的承载力是回冻前承载力的1.42倍;端阻力是回冻前的1.49倍为964 kN,占桩基承载力的12.98%;各土（岩）层的侧摩阻力均有所增长,平均增长率为40.3%。研究结果可为类似冻土条件下的桩基设计及施工提供理论依据。 相似文献
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14.
抗液化排水刚性桩是一种将刚性桩与竖向排水体相结合的新桩型。基于某建筑桩基工程,开展了抗液化排水刚性桩和不含排水体的普通刚性桩的沉桩对比现场试验,采用了动态土压力传感器实时监测沉桩过程中桩周土体内产生的土压力响应,对比了排水桩与普通桩沉桩对桩周土体水平方向应力及有效应力影响的差异。试验结果表明：抗液化排水刚性桩能够有效减小沉桩过程对桩周深部可液化土体的扰动,在桩身近侧（距桩心0.6 m）深部埋深（-15 m）位置,排水桩的水平土压力响应峰值仅为普通桩的1/4;排水桩能够有效降低沉桩对可液化土层有效应力的影响,使桩周土体更加稳定;在单次沉桩过程中,对于浅部埋深（-5 m）,排水桩对桩周土压力峰值的影响作用较小,对于存在可液化土层的深部埋深（-10、-15 m）,排水桩对土压力峰值的有效影响半径可达4倍桩径。现场试验数据为抗液化排水刚性桩的桩间距选择提供了有力的设计参考依据。 相似文献
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多年冻土区钻孔灌注桩基础早期热稳定性研究现状与展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
多年冻土区钻孔灌注桩基础施工带来的热扰动削弱了桩基础的早期热稳定性, 降低了桩基承载力。通过早期热稳定性影响因素、 热稳定性对承载力的影响及其改善措施三个方面对钻孔灌注桩基础早期热稳定性的研究现状进行归纳总结。研究表明： 首先, 多年冻土区钻孔灌注桩基础具有热扰动范围大、 回冻时间长的特点, 其中水化热及胶凝材料、 入模温度、 成孔方式作为主动影响因素是热扰动的主要来源, 桩基特征及冻土工程地质条件作为间接因素也对早期热稳定性产生次要影响; 其次, 钻孔灌注桩热扰动显著降低了桩基早期的承载力, 延缓了上部结构施工时间; 在削弱桩基早期热扰动方面, 人工制冷、 热管等措施具有良好的加速回冻效果。基于桩基承载力与冻土地温的密切关系, 未来还需进一步定量评估冲击钻成孔施工方式、 灌注桩施工季节、 群桩设计参数对桩基早期热扰动的影响, 深入认识早期热扰动作用下桩基承载力的变化规律、 设计荷载与冻土蠕变的关系及其对工期的影响, 并研发施工更加便利、 效果更加显著、 适用范围更广的低水化热胶凝材料和钻孔灌注桩控温措施, 有效提高钻孔灌注桩早期的承载力。 相似文献
17.
静压压桩具有低噪声、无振动、工期短、单桩承载力质量可靠等特点,但在施工过程中易产生挤土效应,对周围的工程地质环境造成不良影响：诸如使桩周围土体产生相当大的竖直隆起和水平位移,使邻近已压入的桩产生上浮,桩位偏移等。通过分析河（海）相、土台阶地及冲洪阶地的地基特点,对静力压桩时挤土效应及其施工时对周围环境的影响规律进行了总结,指出河（海）相沉积的阶地和土台阶的挤土效应影响量较小,冲洪阶地的静力压桩的挤土效应影响程度较严重,并根据不同情况,提出了相应的预防措施,为今后该地区静力压桩的施工提供参考依据。 相似文献
18.
Piles may be subjected to lateral soil pressures as a result of lateral soil movements from nearby construction‐related activities such as embankment construction or excavation operations. Three‐dimensional finite element analyses have been carried out to investigate the response of a single pile when subjected to lateral soil movements. The pile and the soil were modelled using 20‐node quadrilateral brick elements with reduced integration. For compatibility between the soil–pile interface elements, 27‐node quadrilateral brick elements with reduced integration were used to model the soil around the pile adjacent to the soil–pile interface. A Mohr–Coulomb elastic–plastic constitutive model with large‐strain mode was assumed for the soil. The analyses indicate that the behaviour of the pile was significantly influenced by the pile flexibility, the magnitude of soil movement, the pile head boundary conditions, the shape of the soil movement profile and the thickness of the moving soil mass. Reasonable agreement is found between some existing published solutions and those developed herein. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
大面积堆填或开挖时深厚软土地层内部常产生较大滑移,这为该类地层中考虑桩土作用的抗滑桩分析带来较大困难。考虑深厚软土的滑移性状,针对既有悬臂桩法计算存在的问题进行修正,滑动面上部桩身受荷段的桩身荷载采用等腰三角形分布且极值点为极限侧土压力,设滑动面下部桩身锚固段上侧桩周软土为理想弹塑性以考虑软土大位移条件,下侧为弹性状态,并通过位移叠加原理对传统方法求解产生滑动面不连续的缺陷进行修正。通过现场桩侧堆载试验验证,修正悬臂桩法的弯矩和位移计算结果较好,桩顶位移误差小于3%,桩身最大弯矩误差小于10%。所提方法有助于深厚软土地层抗滑桩的设计和计算。 相似文献
20.
注浆成型螺纹桩为一种利用施工工艺创新,结合钻孔灌注和二次注浆技术的新型螺纹抗拔桩型,目前已在软土地区开展应用。为了对其受力承载特性深入研究,使该桩型得到广泛推广,通过数值分析方法对其抗拔性能和承载机制进行了三维有限元数值模拟。首先,通过数值模拟桩-土界面室内大型直剪试验得到了有限元分析需要的桩-土接触面参数,而后将得到的参数带入注浆成型螺纹桩抗拔三维有限元数值模型,通过计算得到了不同距径比S/D（即螺距与桩径的比值）螺纹桩的抗拔荷载-位移曲线和轴力分布,并观察了抗拔过程中桩周土体塑性变形的发展。数值分析表明,螺纹桩与桩周土体的机械咬合作用增大了桩侧摩阻力,从而使桩体极限抗拔承载力较等截面圆桩提高约2～5倍;同时,其承载能力与桩体的S/D有关,当S/D取最优时,荷载-位移曲线的初始切向刚度最大,极限承载力最高,桩周土体形成的连续拱形破坏区域最大。 相似文献