共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Ocean temperature changes around New Zealand are estimated from satellite sea surface temperature (SST) products since 1981, two high resolution expendable bathythermograph transects (HRXBT) since 1986 and 1991, and Argo data since 2006. The datasets agree well where they overlap. Significant surface warming is found in subtropical waters. Greatest warming is east of Australia and in the central Pacific. All NZ coastal waters are warming, with strongest warming east of Wairarapa and weakest between East Cape and North Cape. Temperature changes are surface intensified, extending to ～200 m in the northeast and at least 850 m in the eastern Tasman. Significant interannual variability is coherent over a large area of ocean north of the Subtropical Front and modulates extreme events. NZ air temperatures are highly correlated at interannual timescales with SSTs over a broad region of ocean north of the Subtropical Front from the eastern Tasman to east of the dateline. 相似文献
2.
Structure of the Subtropical Front in the Tasman Sea 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
3.
Ocean temperature changes between 1991 and 2005 in the eastern Tasman Sea were analysed. This area was chosen because of a combination of data availability, low mesoscale variability and because of its importance in determining the climate of the downwind New Zealand landmass. A large warming extending to the full depth of the water column (c. 800 m) was found to have occurred between 1996 and 2002. This warming was seen in measurements by expendable bathythermographs and also in satellite sea surface temperature and sea surface height products, and has a clear impact on New Zealand's terrestrial temperature. The nature of the warming is discussed, together with likely forcing mechanisms. No local forcing mechanisms are consistent with the observed warming, leading to the conclusion that the signal seen in the Tasman Sea is part of a larger South Pacific‐wide phenomenon. 相似文献
4.
The response to the tropical cyclone Phyan, which developed in the eastern Arabian Sea during 9-11 November 2009, was rapid cooling of sea surface temperature (SST), enhancement of chlorophyll a and two-fold increase in net primary productivity (NPP). Cooling of SST was immediate in response to the strong wind-mixing, and the subsequent upward Ekman pumping sustained the cooling even after the dissipation of Phyan. The biological response mediated by the upward Ekman pumping driven vertical transport of subsurface nutrient showed a time lag of 3-4 days. The CO? flux to the atmosphere associated with Phyan was 0.123 Tg C, which accounted for ~85% of the total out-gassing from the eastern Arabian Sea during November. Thus, an increased occurrence of cyclones in a warming environment will lead to an enhanced biomass production and also increase in CO? out-gassing. 相似文献
5.
A. S. Kazmin 《Oceanology》2016,56(3):336-341
High-resolution satellite sea surface temperature (SST) measurements (PATHFINDER dataset) have been used to confirm an existence of persistent thermal frontal zones in the Black Sea. Fronts have been revealed in the winter season between the intensively cooling shallow northwestern area and warmer waters of central part, and in spring-summer season between the actively warming waters of the southeastern part and cooler central area. Interannual and quasi-decadal variability of the northwestern front have been documented, as well as a high negative correlation of its intensity with the winter-mean SST. 相似文献
6.
基于1982–2019年美国国家海洋和大气管理局最优插值海表温度资料,运用多种统计方法分析了渤、黄海海洋热浪（频次、持续时间、强度）的时空分布特征及与之相关的环流背景。结果表明:（1）海洋热浪具有一定的区域性差异,更强、更持久和更多的海洋热浪多集中在渤海和北黄海海区;（2）近38年来,渤、黄海海洋热浪变化趋势也具有明显的区域性差异,频次、年平均持续时间、年平均平均强度和最大强度总体呈增多、增强趋势,但朝鲜半岛沿岸海域没有显著变化,这与该地区的平均海温变化密切相关;（3）根据日平均海表面温度将海洋热浪分为中等、强、严重和极端4种等级,结果表明,除极端海洋热浪外,其他3种不同等级海洋热浪发生频次和增长趋势均存在显著的地理差异,中等强度海洋热浪在渤、黄海所有区域均频次偏多且有显著的增加趋势,而强和严重海洋热浪主要集中在我国的渤海海域,但渤、黄海区域极端海洋热浪几乎没有发生;（4）就渤、黄海区域平均而言,38年间,共发生83次海洋热浪,平均每年2.2次;海洋热浪具有明显的季节差异,不同等级强度的海洋热浪的多发季节均在夏季;（5）合成分析结果表明,夏季渤、黄海海洋热浪与大气环流密切相关,当从高层到低层贝加尔湖区域上空表现为大范围的相当正压结构的暖性高压异常时,盛行的下沉运动和高空西北气流,带来了晴朗的天气和更多的地面净太阳短波辐射,有利于渤、黄海海洋热浪的形成和维持。 相似文献
7.
通过对OISST资料1982—2017年中国近海海表面温度(SST)分析,发现2017年中国渤、黄、东海海表温度较常年偏高0～1.5℃,南海海表温度接近常年。2017年渤海海表温度是近36 a来最热的一年,达到14.4℃,黄海第二以及东海第三热的年份,整个中国近海海表温度的平均是历史第二高的年份。渤、黄、东海海表温度1—8月份达到或接近极端高温情况,之后海表温度降低并达到常年同期以下。对中国近海不同海区海表温度和陆地气温相关分析表明:不同海区受陆地气温影响区域不同,同时海表温度与陆地相关区域随着季节而变化。从2017年平流输运、净热通量、热含量和陆地大气温度影响等方面来看,造成渤、黄、东海海表温度偏高的主要原因是黑潮流速增强导致平流热输送增加,0～700 m热含量增加以及我国陆地区域气温的异常偏高,净热通量对其海表温度升高起抑制作用。 相似文献
8.
通过海气耦合模式CCSM3(The Community Climate System Model version 3),研究在北大西洋高纬度淡水强迫下,北太平洋冬季的海表温度SST、风场及流场的响应及其区域性差异。结果表明:淡水的注入使北太平洋整体变冷,但有部分区域异常增暖;在太平洋东部赤道两侧,SST的变化出现北负南正的偶极子型分布。阿留申低压北移的同时中纬度西风减弱,热带附近东北信风增强。黑潮和南赤道流减弱,北太平洋副热带逆流和北赤道流增强,日本海被南向流控制。风场及流场的改变共同导致了北太平洋SST异常出现复杂的空间差异:北太平洋中高纬度SST的降温主要由大气过程决定,海洋动力过程主要影响黑潮、日本海及副热带逆流区域的SST,太平洋热带地区SST异常由大气与海洋共同主导。 相似文献
9.
东亚冬季气温的年际变化特征及其与海温和海冰异常的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过谐波分析的方法,对东亚31个冬季(1980—2010年)的气温提取年际变化分量(周期小于8a部分)进行EOF分析。结果发现:在年际变化的时间尺度上,东亚冬季气温表现为高纬模态和低纬模态2个主要模态,它们一起可以解释总方差73%的变化。进一步分析表明,在年际变化尺度上,与气温变化的高纬模态相联系的大气环流表现为显著的北极涛动(AO)负位相分布,海平面气压场上西伯利亚高压和阿留申低压北移,对流层中层东亚大槽西移,高层西风急流向西北方向移动;副热带北太平洋和阿拉斯加湾的海表面温度(SST)变化呈偶极子振荡分布,这种准两年的周期振荡对这一模态的出现有一定的预示意义。而与气温变化的低纬模态相联系的大气环流表现为类AO正位相分布,与之相关的西伯利亚高压和阿留申低压南移,对流层中层东亚大槽东移,高层的西风急流则是向东南方向移动;赤道东太平洋的SST异常可能对这一模态的形成有一定的作用,而东亚近海的SST则更多是被动地改变。此外,海冰异常变化与东亚冬季气温变化的联系主要体现在:在前夏和前秋,东西伯利亚海-波弗特海海冰异常减少(增加)对应着随后东亚冬季气温变化的高纬模态(低纬模态),而冬季东亚气温变化的高纬模态(低纬模态)又与后期春季北极东半球的海冰异常增加(减少)具有较好的相关性,此外白令海和鄂霍次克海的海冰异常变化是伴随东亚冬季气温变化产生的。 相似文献
10.
Hourly sea surface temperature(SST) observations from the geostationary satellite are increasingly used in studies of the diurnal warming of the surface oceans. The aim of this study is to derive the spatial and temporal distribution of diurnal warming in the China seas and northwestern Pacific Ocean from Multi-functional Transport Satellite(MTSAT) SST. The MTSAT SST is validated against drifting buoy measurements firstly. It shows mean biases is about –0.2°C and standard deviation is about 0.6°C comparable to other satellite SST accuracy. The results show that the tropics, mid-latitudes controlled by subtropical high and marginal seas are frequently affected by large diurnal warming. The Kuroshio and its extension regions are smaller compared with the surrounding regions. A clear seasonal signal, peaking at spring and summer can be seen from the long time series of diurnal warming in the domain in average. It may due to large insolation and low wind speed in spring and summer, while the winter being the opposite. Surface wind speed modulates the amplitude of the diurnal cycle by influencing the surface heat flux and by determining the momentum flux. For the shallow marginal seas, such as the East China Sea, turbidity would be another important factor promoting diurnal warming. It suggests the need for the diurnal variation to be considered in SST measurement, air-sea flux estimation and multiple sensors SST blending. 相似文献
11.
This study deals with the correlation between ice extent in the Sea of Okhotsk and the interannual variability of winter (December–February)
air temperature over the subtropical Western Pacific from 1979 to 2008. The analysis indicates that the increase in sea ice
extent coincides not only with cooling over the Sea of Okhotsk and the adjacent area, but also with significant warming over
the subtropical Western Pacific that extends from the surface to the middle troposphere. This meridional dipole pattern of
tropospheric temperature anomalies (cooling in the high latitudes and warming in the low latitudes) primarily results from
dynamical processes driven by the large-scale atmospheric circulation change. A heat budget diagnosis reveals that when ice
extent in the Sea of Okhotsk increases by one standard deviation, the tropospheric air temperature over the subtropical Western
Pacific rises by about 0.25°C. It also suggests that the adiabatic heating and stationary eddy heat flux convergence may be
the most important factors, which account for 30 and 15% of the warming, respectively. In addition, these two factors also
coordinate to result in significant cooling over the Sea of Okhotsk and the adjacent regions. 相似文献
12.
东亚冬夏季风对热带印度洋秋季海温异常的响应 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用多年的Reynolds月平均海表温度资料和NCEP/NCAR全球大气再分析资料,分析了热带印度洋秋季海表温度距平(SSTA)与后期东亚冬夏季风强度变化的关系。结果表明,热带印度洋秋季SSTA的主要模态是全区一致(USB)型和偶极子(IOD)型,USB型模态主要代表热带印度洋秋季SSTA的长期变化趋势,而IOD型模态主要反映热带印度洋秋季SSTA的年际变化。热带印度洋秋季海温气候变率中既存在着明显的ENSO信号,也有独立于ENSO的变率特征,独立于ENSO的热带印度洋秋季SSTA变化的主要模态仍是USB型和IOD型。前期秋季USB模态与东亚冬季风及东亚副热带夏季风之间为负相关关系;与前期正(负)IOD模态相对应,南海夏季风强度偏弱(强),而东亚副热带夏季风强度偏强(弱)。USB型和IOD型模态对后期东亚冬、夏季风强度变化的影响是独立于ENSO的,但ENSO起到了调节二者相关显著程度的作用。 相似文献
13.
海冰消融背景下北极增温的季节差异及其原因探讨 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
运用哈德莱中心第一套海冰覆盖率(HadISST1)、欧洲中心(ERA_Interim)的温度以及NCEP第一套地表感热通量、潜热通量等资料,研究了1979—2011年33a来北极海冰消融的季节特点和空间特征,并从反照率——温度正反馈与地表感热通量、潜热通量等方面分析了海冰减少对北极增温影响的季节差异。结果表明,北极海冰在秋季和夏季的减少范围明显大于冬季和春季,而北极地表升温却在秋季和冬季最显著,夏季最为微弱,且夏季的增温趋势廓线也与秋冬季显著不同。这主要是因为夏季是融冰季,海冰融化将吸收潜热。且此时北极低空大气温度高于海表温度,海水相当于大气的冷源。随着海冰的消融,更多的热量由大气传入海洋用于融冰和加热上层海水,这使得夏季的低空大气不能显著升温。而在秋冬季,海冰凝结释放潜热,且此时低空大气温度远低于海水温度,海冰的减少使得海水将更多热量释放到大气中导致低空大气显著增暖。海水对大气的这种延迟放热机制是北极低空在夏季增温不显著而在秋冬季增温显著的主要原因。此外,秋冬季的海冰减少与北极近地面升温具有非常一致的空间分布,北冰洋东南边缘和巴伦支海北部分别是秋季和冬季海气相互作用的关键区域。 相似文献
14.
华北地区夏季降雨量与南海海温长期变化的关系 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
比较了华北地区7个站与17个站1951-1997年夏季（6，7，8月）降雨量与气候随时间的变化特征，并对其成因作了探讨。结果表明，用北京、天津、邢台、烟台、郑州、太原和济南等7个站可代表该地区夏季降雨量与气候的多尺度变化特征，过去47a该地区依次经历了湿凉、湿热、湿凉、干热、湿热几个时期，降雨量的长期变化与南海前冬（1-2月）海温成负相关。前冬南海海温偏高，意味着初夏南海地区大气对流低频振动偏弱，南海夏季风爆发较晚，西南季风较弱，夏季西太平洋副高位置偏南，华北地区大气低层北风加强，华北地区夏季少雨，前冬南海海温偏低时情况则相反，考虑冬季（1-2月）南海南温和7-8月西太平洋副高脊线位置（纬度）的影响用均生函数建模，试验结果与用子波变换重构方法考虑华北地区夏季降雨量的变化趋势比较，二者相吻合，预测试验结果与过去3a的实况基本一致。 相似文献
15.
Trends of sea surface temperature and sea surface temperature fronts in the South China Sea during 2003–2017 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The trends of the sea surface temperature(SST) and SST fronts in the South China Sea(SCS) are analyzed during2003–2017 using high-resolution satellite data. The linear trend of the basin averaged SST is 0.31°C per decade,with the strongest warming identified in southeastern Vietnam. Although the rate of warming is comparable in summer and winter for the entire basin, the corresponding spatial patterns of the linear trend are substantially different between them. The SST trend to the west of the Luzon Strait is characterized by rapid warming in summer, exceeding approximately 0.6°C per decade, but the trend is insignificant in winter. The strongest warming trend occurs in the southeast of Vietnam in winter, with much less pronounced warming in summer. A positive trend of SST fronts is identified for the coast of China and is associated with increasing wind stress. The increasing trend of SST fronts is also found in the east of Vietnam. Large-scale circulation, such as El Ni?o, can influence the trends of the SST and SST fronts. A significant correlation is found between the SST anomaly and Ni?o3.4 index, and the ENSO signal leads by eight months. The basin averaged SST linear trends increase after the El Ni?o event(2009–2010), which is, at least, due to the rapid warming rate causing by the enhanced northeasterly wind. Peaks of positive anomalous SST and negatively anomalous SST fronts are found to co-occur with the strong El Ni?o events. 相似文献
16.
Cliff S. Law Graham J. Rickard Sara E. Mikaloff-Fletcher Matt H. Pinkerton Erik Behrens Steve M. Chiswell 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2018,52(3):309-335
The future status of the surface ocean around New Zealand was projected using two Earth System Models and four emission scenarios. By 2100 mean changes are largest under Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5), with a +2.5°C increase in sea surface temperature, and decreases in surface mixed layer depth (15%), macronutrients (7.5–20%), primary production (4.5%) and particle flux (12%). Largest macronutrient declines occur in the eastern Chatham Rise and subantarctic waters to the south, whereas dissolved iron increases in subtropical waters. Surface pH projections, validated against subantarctic time-series data, indicate a 0.335 decline to ～7.77 by 2100. However, projected pH is sensitive to future CO2 emissions, remaining within the current range under RCP2.6, but decreasing below it by 2040 with all other scenarios. Sub-regions vulnerable to climate change include the Chatham Rise, polar waters south of 50°S, and subtropical waters north of New Zealand, whereas the central Tasman Sea is least affected. 相似文献
17.
南海表层水温场的时空特征与长期变化趋势 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
本文利用月平均表层水温（SST）、850hPa经向风和西太平洋副热带高压等资料分析了南海表层水温距平（SSTA）场的时空特征和长期变化趋势,并探讨了SST的年际和长期变化原因．结果表明,南海SSTA场分别存在着以全域同位相振荡和东南一西北向反位相振荡的两个主要模态．其中,前者是主要模态,以年际振荡为主,而后者则是次要模态,以季节振荡为主．进一步分析发现,南海中部的SST存在着显著的年际和年代际变化,并在1981年前后发生了一次由低到高的气候转变,而且南海中部SST的长期变化趋势非常明显,在1950—2006年间增温0．92℃．相关和合成分析表明,南海SST的年际和长期变化可能是由南海上空的经向风异常和西太平洋副热带高压的纬向变动引起的． 相似文献
18.
海温是海洋环境影响因子之一,对于海洋生态环境、海水养殖业等尤为重要。本文以Argo数据提取的南海海洋温度场数据为例,结合GIS(GeographicInformationSystem)技术,研究南海海温点过程、面过程可视化表达的方法。利用GIS作为可视化框架提供南海海温场的可视化显示,包括放大、缩小和拖动等基本功能,绘制多种形式的数值图像并进行空间分析,包括海温数据曲线绘制、海温值查询、空间插值、等值线等。基于Argo数据可视化表达的结果,从南海海温年变化、随纬度的变化、垂向变化、季节分布特征四方面对南海的海温时空特征进行了分析,结果表明:(1)南海海表温度高温的持续时间比较长,升温过程比降温过程相对要短一些;(2)随着纬度的降低,温度整体升高,温度的年变化幅度越来越小。夏秋两季随着纬度的变化,温度变化不大,春冬两季的温度变化较大;(3)在0~30 m温度变化很小,在深度为30m处温度开始逐渐下降,到达500m以下,海温一年四季都比较接近;(4)冬季海温总体最低,夏季海温总体最高。冬季和秋季,在南海西南方向等值线呈现西北—东南向,等值线比较密集。海温的时空变化研究可以对海洋温跃层、海洋温度锋,海水不同层次的结构的研究提供一定参考。 相似文献
19.
我国近海区域对气候变化高度敏感,浮游植物生态的变化关系到我国近海生态安全.采用重构的遥感数据等资料,分析并综述我国近海区域浮游植物叶绿素a浓度、初级生产力和浮游植物群落结构对气候变化背景下海水升温、风场等环境因子的响应.结果表明,东(南)中国海叶绿素a浓度略有上升(下降)的趋势,但浮游植物群落结构和生物量有明显的变化;其中,微微型浮游植物和甲藻占比增加,小型浮游植物物种成为海区优势种,暖水性种分布区北扩,而这与气候变化背景下海洋热动力环境的长期变化及其对营养盐供给的影响关系密切.分析还指出了气候变化对我国近海区域海洋生态影响研究迫切需要开展的若干工作. 相似文献
20.
CMIP5模式对中国近海海表温度的模拟及预估 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于观测和再分析资料;利用多种指标和方法评估了国际耦合模式比较计划（CMIP5）中21个模式对中国近海海温的月、季节和年际变化模拟能力。多模式集合能够再现气候平均意义下近海海温的空间分布特征;但量值上存在一定的低估。在渤海和黄海;集合平均与观测差别比较明显。在年际尺度上;与观测数据对比;模式模拟海温与Niño3指数相关性较小。中国近海海表面温度在1960-2002年有明显的升高趋势;从2003年开始增温趋缓。评估结果表明;ACCESS1.0、BCC-CSM1.1、HadGEM2-ES、IPSL-CM5A-MR、CMCC-CM、FGOALS-g2、CNRM-CM5-2、INMCM4八个模式对中国近海海温的变化有较好的模拟能力。利用ACCESS1.0、INMCM4、BCC-CSM1.1、IPSL-CM5A-MR、CMCC-CM这5个模式结果对中国近海海温未来的变化进行了预估。在RCP4.5、RCP8.5情景下;未来近100年中国近海海温有明显升高趋势;最优模式多模式集合平均增温分别可达到1.5℃、3.3℃;净热通量变化和平流变化共同促进了东海升温。 相似文献