共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
祁连山大野口流域气温、降水、河川径流特征分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
水库底层深入基岩层,无地下潜流等优势可准确地测得流域河川径流量。通过大野口流域气温、降水和流域河川径流18 a(1994-2011)的长期监测,采用特征值参数计算、回归分析、线性倾向分析、百分比排位等方法对其数据进行处理和分析,结果表明:(1)从特征参数看,气温年际变异最大、河川径流次之,年降水最小;年均气温、年降水量和年河川径流量分别在1.16~2.08℃、307.43~440.69 mm、129.04~204.42 mm区间内变动的年份占68%左右,大气降水的44.57%形成了河川径流。(2)从回归模型看,如年均气温1.62℃、年降水量为374.06 mm,则流域年河川径流量的估计值为165.47 mm。(3)从线性倾向分析法,气温、降水和河川径流均呈波动性上升趋势,其中气温,平均趋势变化率约为0.23℃·(10 a)-1、降水和流域河川径流平均趋势变化率均为18 mm·(10 a)-1左右。(4)从月份相关函数分析,气温、降水和河川径流在1月份最小,平均值分别为-11.91℃、2.74 mm和0.32 mm;7月份最大,平均值分别为14.38℃、82.48 mm、37.48 mm。通过研究,可为中等流域尺度上进一步揭示水源涵养功能机理及其流域产流机制提供参考和科学依据。 相似文献
2.
3.
生态保护和植树造林对黑河流域河川径流的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黑河流域是密云水库上游潮白河水系的重要组成部分。从20 世纪80 年代开始,国家在黑河流域开展了大 面积的生态保护和植树造林活动。为正确认识植树造林等活动对流域水资源的影响,本研究利用20 世纪80 年代 和2000 年两期土地利用数据和流域1959～2000 年降雨、径流资料,分析了生态保护和植树造林活动影响下的流域 河川径流量的变化情况。研究结果表明：1959～2000 年黑河流域年降水量和河川径流量年际变化较大,但整体变化 趋势性不显著;黑河流域以林地、草地和耕地面积为主,从20 世纪80 年代到2000 年林地面积增加了8x102hm2,草 地和耕地面积分别减少了7x102hm2 和1x102hm2;1980～2000 年开展植树造林活动期较1959～1979 年多年平均径流 系数下降了4.1%;1980 年后20 年的生态保护和植树造林活动对河川径流量的影响为- 0.3mm/hm2,且有丰水年份 对流域河川径流量影响最大,平水年次之,在枯水年份对流域河川径流量影响最小的现象。 相似文献
4.
《地理与地理信息科学》2017,(2)
土地利用方式的变化是影响流域径流的重要因素。为定量研究土地利用/覆被变化对径流的影响,该文结合SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)分布式水文模型,分析了秦皇岛地区2000年、2005年、2010年和2014年不同土地利用/覆被变化对径流的影响,并在子流域尺度上分析径流的空间变化。研究结果表明:1)SWAT模型能够较好地模拟研究区流域的月径流过程。2000-2005年研究区耕地急剧增加,林地和裸地减少,导致多年平均径流量增加4.79%;2005-2010年林地明显增加,耕地和裸地减少,导致多年平均径流量减少3.32%;2010-2014年城镇建设用地增加明显,耕地和林地减少,导致多年平均径流量增加2.62%。2)耕地和城镇建设用地的增加在不同程度上会增加径流量,而林地具有涵养水源、减少径流量的作用。3)研究区年均地表径流变化空间差异较显著,整体呈增加趋势。研究结果可为合理规划土地利用格局、优化配置水资源提供参考依据。 相似文献
5.
在有效地利用河川径流跨流域调水的国家中,加拿大占有特殊的地位。加拿大的自然地理条件与苏联的地理条件很相似,但前者在年调水总量(141立方公里)方面居领先地位,几乎比苏联的(50立方公里)多两倍。加拿大拥有丰富的水资源,河川多年平均径流量估计为276了立方公里。但是加拿大也象苏联、美国等许多国家一样,水资源的分布不均匀。 相似文献
6.
三江平原沼泽性河流径流演变的驱动力分析 总被引：28，自引：2，他引：28
在分析三江平原典型沼泽性河流挠力河径流演变特征及趋势的基础上，应用灰色关联分析和径向基函数网络等方法，探讨了引起径流量减少和发生突变的原因，分析结果表明：当地河川径流演化与沼泽化流的地理特征以及近50年来沼泽及沼泽化土地的大规模开垦和水资源的开发利用有密切的关系，人类活动是本区河川径流演变的主要驱动力，气候变化在径流演变中所起的作用相应减少，沼泽湿地对区域水系统的水量平衡产生着重要的影响，在流域下垫面已明显变化，水文循环出现变异的情况下，必须加强沼泽湿地保护的水的调控和管理。 相似文献
7.
8.
河川径流对降水变化的响应研究——以渭河为例 总被引：10，自引：5，他引：5
根据1956-1995年的实测水文资料(降水和河川径流量资料),采用特征值对比方法,对陕西省境内渭河流域不同时间尺度内降水特征进行分析,并对流域内多年径流变化也做了相应的统计分析,从而揭示河川径流对降水变化的响应关系,并确定出河川径流变化的主要原因。结果表明:(1)流域内降水年内分配极其不均;年际变化剧烈,进入90年代后降水负距平集中出现,20世纪90年代降水较多年均值有较大程度的减少;(2)流域内河川径流与降水之间存在密切的正相关关系,降水量多的年份,河川径流丰富,反之较枯;(3)河川径流积极响应降水的变化,然而河川径流变化幅度却比降水变化幅度大20%,这个偏差主要是由于频繁的人类活动的干扰造成的。 相似文献
9.
在全球气候变暖和人类活动的共同影响下,中国西北干旱半干旱区水循环变化与水资源再分配正在改变区域生态环境。在长时间序列尺度上,仍缺乏对西北内陆河径流变化机制与特征时空格局的统一认识。本研究以祁连山排露沟流域为试验区,基于量水堰实测长序列径流数据,采用线性回归法、Mann-Kendall、滑动t、Pettitt和累积距平等检验方法,分析排露沟流域1994—2020年径流序列的变化趋势和突变年份;以气象站监测和人工潜在蒸发观测数据为基础,采用Budyko假设水热耦合平衡模型对排露沟流域径流量变化趋势进行归因分析;以固定样地2003—2021年每木检尺数据,采用材积源生物量法,对排露沟流域15个乔木固定样地的1017棵青海云杉的碳密度进行估算。结果表明：(1)1994—2020年排露沟流域径流量波动变化,丰枯交替,但整体呈现增加趋势,2006年径流发生突变,突变后的年平均径流量增加了9.53×104 m3,增加率为34.88%。(2)在2007—2020年的突变期,排露沟流域径流对降水、潜在蒸发和流域下垫面参数的弹性系数分别为3.15、-0.70和-... 相似文献
10.
天山北坡中小河川降水与径流变化特征——以精河为例 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
利用精河山口水文站近50 a(1957-2005年)的气象、水文资料,采用(Mann-Kendall)非参数检验和相关分析法,对天山北坡精河近50 a的降水与径流的变化特征以及径流对降水变化的响应进行了探讨。结果表明:精河流域的径流对降水变化具有很好的响应关系,二者的变化趋势相近。精河流域降水在20世纪70年代出现减少过程,这期间河川径流量也显著减少;80年代以后降水呈现增加趋势,河川径流量也呈现增多趋势,山区降水变化是影响径流变化的重要因子。精河流域的降水、径流变化与我国西北地区气候向暖湿化变化的趋势基本一致,这种向暖湿化方向转变的现象在精河流域始于80年代初期,较塔里木河流域略早。 相似文献
11.
《The Professional geographer》1984,36(1):106-142
Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. 相似文献
12.
《The Professional geographer》1984,36(2):250-283
Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock. 相似文献
13.
14.
15.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):85-89
Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS) 相似文献
16.
《The Professional geographer》1983,35(2):230-260
Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford . 相似文献
17.
Raanan Katzir 《寒旱区科学》2013,5(6):0767-0768
Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing. 相似文献
18.
《The Professional geographer》1987,39(1):85-94
Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS) 相似文献
19.
《The Professional geographer》1987,39(1):94-129
Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan. 相似文献
20.