共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
本文介绍了对以饱和粘性土为介质的模型槽中所进行的孔压静力触探(CPTU)试验,通过对试验数据的分析,得出探头贯入时周围土体的轴向附加应力和径向附加应力的变化及分布,锥尖、侧壁摩阻力以及超孔隙水压力的变化,以及停止贯入后孔压消散过程中探头周围土体的超孔压变化,从这些方面来探讨土中应力场的变化,附加应力的影响范围,临界深度现象以及超孔隙水压力的变化规律。 相似文献
2.
介绍了磁西超千米井筒设计和地质条件,展示了井壁受力的实测方案以及依据包神解析公式进行地层原岩应力反演计算的原理。实测结果反演得到了井筒1 208 m深处的水平应力平均估值以及不均匀分布情况,水平应力与垂直应力之比符合自重应力场的规律,侧压力系数估值约为0.256~0.278之间。通过有限元数值模拟,图形化展示了井筒地应力分布,验证了实测反演数据的合理性,同时也反映了岩层剪切模量和构造等地质条件对水平应力不均匀分布的影响规律。结合对该矿区宏观地质构造运动演化和地质力学的定性分析原理,综合地分析了实测结果、解析反演和数值计算之间的一致性,对水平原岩应力Hoek & Brown统计规律的普适性提出了质疑,讨论了现有原岩应力解析计算方法,为采用包神公式进行井壁设计供了参考。 相似文献
3.
基于已有的工作和Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则,建立了热-水-力三场共同作用下的圆形洞室弹塑性解析解,并分别在单力场、热-力场、水-力场、热-水-力场以及改变介质强度参数的条件下计算和比较了围岩中的应力分布、变化及塑性区范围。结果显示,温度场使得塑性区半径有所减小,但总的来看温度作用不明显;与仅有力作用时相比,孔隙水压力使得塑性区半径、径向应力和切向应力有较大幅度增长。 相似文献
4.
为了分析考虑温度应力后作用于深厚表土层立井井壁竖向附加力,建立了由于立井内、外壁温度差产生的温度自应力和径向膨胀受阻产生的温度应力解析式。基于井壁是由于竖向应力超过钢筋混凝土井壁极限抗压强度而发生破裂的事实,对作用于井壁上的温度荷载、自重、水平侧压力和竖向附加力在井壁内产生的竖向应力分量进行了分析,结果表明,竖向附加力是导致井壁破裂的最主要因素,温度应力也是诱发井壁破裂的重要因素。同时在考虑井壁温度应力和井壁破裂特征的基础上,利用井壁结构设计理论通过反演分析得到了地层疏水沉降时井壁承受的最大竖向附加力的数值,为新建井壁设计和已建成投产井壁的安全性评估提供重要参考依据。 相似文献
5.
Wenhui Tan P. H. S. W. Kulatilake Hongbao Sun 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2014,32(1):31-42
In-situ stress plays a major role with respect to deformation and stability around underground or surficial excavations located at significant depth. Many sedimentary rock masses are more or less horizontally bedded. However, a possibility exists to have one or few inclined rock strata such as dikes in these horizontally bedded formations. It is important to know how the in situ stress changes from a purely horizontally bedded situation to a horizontally bedded rock mass that contains one or few inclined rock strata. This paper presents such an investigation using the largest open-pit metal mine in China—as a case study. This mine has a bedded rock mass with one steeply inclined rock stratum. For the bedded rock mass, the vertical stress was calculated based on the overburden above each lithology. The available in situ stress measurements conducted at the mine were used to estimate the ratios of horizontal to vertical stress. Numerical modeling was performed for the two scenarios: (a) the horizontally bedded system subjected to both the in situ and boundary stresses and (b) the mine lithological system that includes an inclined stiffer (denser) stratum intruding softer horizontally bedded system subjected to only boundary stresses to investigate the influence of an inclined rock stratum on the computed stress field. Thirty points were selected to compute the stresses on six planes of the inclined rock stratum. Due to the discontinuous nature of the geologic system at the interface between the stiffer inclined stratum and softer horizontally bedded system, one principal stress has become normal to the interface plane and the other two have become parallel to the interface plane with all three being perpendicular to each other. Presence of the stiffer inclined rock stratum has given rise to (a) increase in normal stresses up to about 120 % in the inclined rock stratum and (b) new shear stresses approximately in the range ?10.0 to 15.0 MPa. This means, because most of the rock masses are not purely horizontally bedded, estimation of in situ stress through measurements as well as application of in situ stress in numerical modeling associated with underground or surficial excavations located at significant depth is a difficult exercise. A better way to estimate the in situ stresses for complex geologic systems may be through application of appropriate boundary stresses to the geologic system in a numerical model. 相似文献
6.
7.
Complex variable analysis for stress distribution of an underwater tunnel in an elastic half plane 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 When an underwater tunnel is excavated, the groundwater may flow into the tunnel. The seepage forces consequently induced can have important effects on the effective stresses around the tunnel. Moreover, the influences of the free surface of a shallow underwater tunnel should also be considered. In this research, an analytical solution is presented to calculate the seepage‐induced effective stresses around a shallow underwater tunnel in an elastic half plane. The solution uses the complex variable method and consists of conformally mapping the half plane with a hole onto a transformed circular ring. The coefficients of the various terms in the Laurent series expansions of the stress functions in the transformed region can be obtained from the boundary conditions. The total stress distribution around a shallow underwater tunnel can be calculated by the potentials in the half plane. The effective stress can be obtained by subtracting the pore pressure from the total stress. The analytical solution is validated by numerical simulations and can be used to perform both the short‐term and long‐term analyses. By using the proposed solution, it is found that the circumferential effective stresses around the tunnel increase greatly because of seepage, and they increase with the increase of water depth in both the undrained and drained conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
Arching in Inclined and Vertical Mine Stopes 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Shailesh Singh Sanjay Kumar Shukla Nagaratnam Sivakugan 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2011,29(5):685-693
Hydraulic fills are one of the most common backfills used by mining industries to backfill the stopes (voids) created after
extracting the ore. It is important to estimate the stresses within to the stope to design the drainage and barricades. Most
of the existing analytical models for the estimation of stresses within the stopes consider flat rectangular elements to include
the effects of arching, although a continuous compression catenary arch of principal stresses using intersections of shear
lines is the reality in field situations. In this paper, a circular compression arch of principal stresses has therefore been
used to derive a general expression for stress within the inclined stopes. The results have been compared with the existing
analytical and numerical models for vertical stopes as well as inclined stopes. A methodology has been presented to determine
the vertical stress variation along the width of stope at different depths. The variation of stresses along the width of stope
is also presented graphically. 相似文献
9.
为了避免均质和非均质模型不能较好地模拟围岩的层裂或板裂化现象,将岩石视为等效连续介质,即颗粒体材料。颗粒被视为弹性材料,而颗粒之间的界面破坏后被视为摩尔-库仑材料。颗粒和界面均被离散为正方形单元。采用FLAC研究了不同侧压系数时圆形巷道围岩中的剪切应变增量、最小、最大主应力等的分布规律。研究发现,颗粒体材料模型在压应力作用下诱发出的拉应力值接近于在模型边界上所施加的最大压应力,而最大压应力是所施加的最大压应力的数倍。这些结果意味着均质和非均质模型的计算结果是偏于不安全的。另外,最小主应力和剪切应变增量的等值线图均显示,这些量的高值区的距离大致相等,这与V形岩爆坑内的板裂化现象类似。围岩层裂现象的原因是环向的高压应力和径向的高拉应力的共同作用的结果。 相似文献
10.
钻爆法施工常造成隧道边界不平整,隧道分析模型一般将开挖界面光滑处理,忽略了边界不平整对围岩应力的扰动作用。将隧道超欠挖值当作中心偏量小参数,利用摄动法得到了静水压力下圆形隧道的弹性应力解。计算分析表明:超欠挖改变了隧道洞壁附近围岩的应力状态,围岩应力随超欠开挖曲线呈波浪状变化,应力变化量与超欠挖曲线幅值及曲线斜率有关;环向应力变化最大值在洞壁处,其应力集中系数分别在超挖及欠挖顶点达到局部极大与极小值,径向应力变化最大值靠近洞壁表面,切应力变化最大值位于超挖与欠挖表面相交处;扰动应力在径向衰减较快,影响范围约为1~2倍的隧道半径。 相似文献
11.
A general analysis using an incremental elastic, perfectly plastic constitutive stress–strain relationship for poroelastoplastic materials is presented to simulate an opening in a low-permeability friable porous medium under non-isothermal conditions. Analytical solutions are obtained for the stresses and strains around a 2-D plane strain circular borehole. An expansion potential is introduced by combining the strains induced by temperature and pore pressure changes. Steady-state pressures and temperatures are considered, and a non-associated plastic flow rule is applied to calculate plastic strains. Focusing on stress distribution near a circular opening, the classic solutions for those stresses under dry and isothermal conditions are used to compare with the newly derived solution. The general poroelastoplastic effect and the thermal effect on sand production and borehole stability are addressed. We suggest that the knowledge of stress history is critical to achieve adequate solutions for displacement and stress in friable media such as clays, shales and oil sands. 相似文献
12.
淮南矿区地应力场特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用空心包体地应力测量方法对淮南矿区的地应力进行了实测,获得了矿区的地应力场分布特征。研究表明,所有测点的两个主应力近水平,一个主应力近垂直。垂直主应力与上覆岩体的重力具有良好的相关性;水平主应力随深度的增加而增加,不同区域增加的梯度不同;最大水平主应力与最小水平主应力的比值与测点深度没有明显的关系,50%以上测点的水平主应力差异显著;最大水平主应力作用方位为北东向,局部受构造等影响,水平主应力发生变化。总体上,淮南矿区受北东向的挤压应力作用。根据3个主应力量值的关系,确定淮南矿区地应力场类型属大地动力场型和准静水应力场型。地应力场的以上特征对淮南矿区煤与瓦斯突出的发生具有重要作用,提出了在进行瓦斯抽放钻孔参数设计时应考虑地应力场特征的建议。 相似文献
13.
The paper presents the results of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) measurements in the Feuerberg tunnel in southwest Germany. EMR is associated with small scale fracturing processes. The measured numbers of EMR impulses are shown to be proportional to shear stresses. From the correlation of EMR and shear stresses along the long axis of the tunnel, orientations and magnitudes of the horizontal principal stresses are determined. The major horizontal principal stress is 3.6±0.3 MPa and has an azimuth of 143±6°. The minor principal horizontal stress is 2.1±0.3 MPa. Zones in the tunnel are located where low shear stresses occur because vertical overburden and horizontal stresses are equal. In these zones also minimum radiation was detected. A possible stress accumulation close to a fault is suggested by higher EMR values in a part of the tunnel. Orientations and magnitudes of the horizontal principal stresses, which are derived from the measurements of EMR, correlate well with conventional stress measurements. It is suggested that the cross-section measuring method described in the study is used to determine regional stress fields as well as to investigate endangered zones with high stresses in underground facilities, which may be critical with regard to stability. 相似文献
14.
压磁套芯解除法是20世纪50年代开始发展起来的原地应力测试技术。为了实现在单一钻孔中进行三维地应力测量研制了单孔全应力计。在简单介绍压磁全应力计结构和计算原理的基础上,通过现场测试,对在锦屏二级水电站地下厂房洞群区压磁套心解除3孔交汇法三维地应力测量和单孔三维地应力测量及水压致裂地应力测量进行了比较分析研究。测量结果表明,在探洞浅部,受局部地形影响,测点的应力分布主要受自重和地形地貌控制,形成特有的“V”型河谷岸坡内的局部应力状态,最大主应力为11 MPa左右,作用方向NNW基本近水平;在探洞深部地应力应力值较高,最大主应力为40 MPa左右,作用方向近直立;随水平埋深的增大最大主应力由近水平状态转变为近直立状态,说明在洞深部自重应力起主导作用。通过三种方法测量结果的对比分析,说明压磁套心解除单孔三维地应力测试技术与压磁套心解除3孔交汇法和水压致裂地应力测试技术具有相同测试精度。 相似文献
15.
Wei Yang Bai-quan Lin Yong-an Qu Shuai Zhao Cheng Zhai Li-li Jia Wu-qiang Zhao 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2011,85(3-4):300-306
In this paper, an equation correlated with normal stress and permeability was developed and FLAC3D software was used to investigate the rock mass stress evolution and distribution to understand the methane flow characteristics. Research results show that the rock mass under the protective coal seam can be divided into three belts (zones) in the vertical direction, including total de-stressed belt, vertical de-stressed belt and original stress belt. Methane in the total de-stressed belt can flow into the working face of protective coal seam by its own pressure gradient. Methane in the vertical de-stressed belt can only be extracted by boreholes. In the horizontal direction, the rock mass was also divided into five zones, including original zone, compression zone, expansion zone, recovering zone and re-compacted zone, which have been proved correct by the field experiments. The rock mass permeability in the de-stressed belts doesn't increase until stepping into the expansion zone, and from then on higher concentration of methane can be extracted. The methane in original regions is difficult to extract because rock stresses stay the same. The division of “three belts and five zones” reveals the rock mass stress and permeability distribution and evolution and supplies theoretical guidance for relieved methane control. 相似文献
16.
为验证斜孔掏土应力解除法治理华东某双向偏斜生根井塔的适应性和有效性,综合理论分析、数值模拟和现场实测研究了斜孔掏土孔周塑性区发展、纠偏机制及掏土各因子对纠偏效果的影响规律。结果表明,开孔后孔周塑性区半径与孔径和孔周应力成正比,且随钻孔深度增加而增大。掏土纠偏的内在机制在于钻孔能有效解除孔周一定范围内的应力,使孔周土体不断向孔内坍塌,进而减小开孔侧井筒的外荷载,与对侧产生应力差值,促使井塔回纠。通过正交试验设计极差分析得出钻孔孔排宽度为影响掏土纠偏的最主要因子,其次为钻孔深度、孔径和孔距井筒中心线距离,且斜孔纠偏效果优于竖直孔。最后,基于模拟获得的最优纠偏参数组合设计了现场纠偏方案,并对井塔偏斜和井筒受力进行施工监测得出,斜孔掏土应力解除法有效逆止了生根井塔的偏斜发展,目前井塔偏斜和井壁受力均处于安全可控状态。 相似文献
17.
运用Hoek-Brown经验准则分析圆形硐室围岩弹塑性应力和位移 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hoek-Brown经验准则能够较容易地用来估计节理岩体的强度,在岩石工程界已得到广泛的应用和认可。只要用定量指标合理地描述岩体质量,就可确定岩体的强度,因此Hoek-Brown经验准则为通过岩体质量评分评价岩体稳定性架起了一座桥梁,并对需要采取的加固支护措施提出建议。地下硐室开挖后改变了岩体的初始应力状态,围岩应力产生应力重分布现象。当硐室周边围岩应力状态超过岩体弹性极限状态而进入塑性状态时,塑性区内岩体的应力满足极限平衡条件。本文简单回顾了当侧压力系数为1时,圆形硐室围岩的弹性应力和位移,在此基础上以Hoek-Brown经验准则为极限平衡条件,得到圆形硐室轴对称平面应变问题的围岩弹塑性应力和位移的分析解。 相似文献
18.
为研究深部洞室围岩的分区破裂化机制,建立了厚壁筒三维线弹性解析模型。逐步减小厚壁筒均布内压,模拟洞室静力开挖。逐步增加厚壁筒轴向均布压力,模拟洞室开挖导致洞室轴向应力集中。逐步增加厚壁筒外周非均布压力系数,模拟洞室开挖导致洞室水平应力的重分布和集中效应。根据弹性力学知识和边界条件,确定洞室开挖引起的弹性应力场、应变场及位移场。从拉压域、应变梯度及径向压拉蓄能等3个方面入手,分别研究了内压静力卸荷、水平应力重分布、围压均匀部分及轴压对深部洞室围岩分区破裂的作用机制。结果表明：径向弹性拉伸能和径向弹性压缩能的相对变化反映了围岩能量释放速率和释放量。水平应力重分布和轴压是围岩出现分区破裂现象的主要因素,但两者作用机制不同。该模型可为研究高地应力深部洞室围岩破坏提供一个较统一的理论工具,也为深部工程设计提供了理论依据。 相似文献
19.
桩的存在使桩周土的竖向有效应力不等于上覆土自重应力与上部外加荷载的简单叠加,原因是桩-土相对刚度导致桩-土接触面上产生竖向剪切。通过平衡分析法,得到不同荷载形式下桩周土竖向有效应力、桩侧正（负）摩阻力、总侧摩阻力和轴力（下拽力）的计算方法,根据已开展的饱和黏土中单桩的负摩阻力试验,验证了公式的合理性,证明了考虑竖向剪切效应的必要性。通过计算分析可知：桩周土竖向均布荷载作用下,桩-土竖向剪切效应削弱了桩周土竖向有效应力、桩侧负摩阻力和桩身下拽力,剪切效应的控制参数?分别取-0.01、-0.02和-0.04时,靠近桩端的桩侧负摩阻力分别为? = 0时的91%、83%和71%,靠近桩端的桩身下拽力分别为? = 0时的93%、87%和76%。由于下拽力受截面几何参数影响,其折减程度略小于桩侧负摩阻力。因此,桩周土表面均布荷载作用时,忽略桩-土竖向剪切效应可能高估由下拽力引起的桩顶沉降。 相似文献
20.
B.D.G. Smart J.M. Somerville B.R. Crawford 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1999,17(3-4):157-176
Conventional so-called triaxial test cells apply the axial stress to a cylindrical sample using steel platens, with the confining stress developed via an annulus of hydraulic fluid retained by a liner in a pressure cell. This does not allow differentiation between the two principal stresses around the core and inhibits the realism with which the rocks can be tested, for example in determining the effect of the intermediate principal stress on the strength of the sample.This paper describes the development and application of a new test cell – believed to be the first in the world – which enables truly triaxial stresses to be applied to cylindrical core samples, opening up the possibility to test rocks routinely in a more realistic manner. An array of 24 trapped tubes replace the single annulus which usually generates the uniform radial stress. Selective pressurization of the tubes enables differential radial stresses to be generated, while axial stresses are applied as before through steel platens. The first results of multi-state failure and permeability stress sensitivity of samples tested in the cell are presented. These demonstrate the influence of the intermediate principal stress on measured rock properties and the orientation of induced fracture planes. 相似文献