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1.
贵州西部龙潭组主要含有6种沉积相组合:即浅海沉积、细粒滨岸平原沉积、溢岸沉积、小型河道砂体、叠置河道砂体和煤层。多层叠置砂体一般10-25m厚,2-10km宽,常含海绿石,切入下伏的三角洲平原、滨岸平原和浅海沉积中,被认为是下切谷充填。在龙潭组中共识别出广泛发育的10个层序界面,由此所限定的层序大致相当于4级旋回层序。在这些层序中,准层序或准层序组识别不出,然能识别体系域,层序几乎全由海进体系域(TST)和高位体系域(HST)组成,低位体系域(LST)发育不好。在垂向上,它们又可叠置成3级复合层序,并由低位、海进和高位层序组组成。在低位层序组中,河道下切常冲刷掉下伏层序的全部HST和部分TST,致使其与下伏层序的下切谷充填重合。在海进层序组中,下切作用最弱,具最小砂/泥比值,下切谷充填侧向孤立。高位层序组是低位和海进层序的过渡类型,下切谷充填也趋于孤立。 相似文献
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贵州西部龙潭组主要含有6种沉积相组合:即浅海沉积、细粒滨岸平原沉积、溢岸沉积、小型河道砂体、叠置河道砂体和煤层。多层叠置砂体一般10-25m厚,2-10km宽,常含海绿石,切入下伏的三角洲平原、滨岸平原和浅海沉积中,被认为是下切谷充填。在龙潭组中共识别出广泛发育的10个层序界面,由此所限定的层序大致相当于4级旋回层序。在这些层序中,准层序或准层序组识别不出,然能识别体系域,层序几乎全由海进体系域(TST)和高位体系域(HST)组成,低位体系域(LST)发育不好。在垂向上,它们又可叠置成3级复合层序,并由低位、海进和高位层序组组成。在低位层序组中,河道下切常冲刷掉下伏层序的全部HST和部分TST,致使其与下伏层序的下切谷充填重合。在海进层序组中,下切作用最弱,具最小砂/泥比值,下切谷充填侧向孤立。高位层序组是低位和海进层序的过渡类型,下切谷充填也趋于孤立。 相似文献
3.
塔中志留系下沥青砂岩段风暴沉积的砂体研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
塔中志留系下沥青砂岩段沉积砂体的类型有滨岸砂、浅海砂坝和陆棚砂3种类型，正常条件下沉积的滨岸砂体具低角度交错层理和少量波痕，呈现出由泥岩-粉砂岩-细砂岩-中细砂岩的反韵律变化特征。风暴作用下，滨岸砂体沉积呈正韵律，多由泥砾向上变化为粉、细砂，生物建造较少，具多方向的低角度板状交错层理、丘状层理。正常条件下沉积的陆棚砂体、浅海砂坝砂体岩性较均一，见交错层理，粒级变化不甚明显，多为粉、细砂岩，以反韵律为主。风暴作用下，砂体底部多具撕裂状泥砾，向上呈正韵律粒序演化，并具侵蚀面、槽状交错层理与丘状层理等特征。风暴作用下的滨岸沉积单砂体相对较厚，一般厚6～13m，宽约数十米，浅海砂坝和陆棚砂的单层砂体相对较薄，厚约3～8m，砂体规模较正常条件下沉积的砂体规模增大。此3类砂体在空间展布上极具规律性，垂向上砂体类型由下而上为滨岸砂-浅海砂坝-陆棚砂的交替演化序列；平面上由海洋向陆地方向砂体类型依次为陆棚砂体-浅海砂坝-滨岸砂体。 相似文献
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北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷南坡古近系流二段滩坝砂体分布规律 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
涠西南凹陷南坡H 1井区流二段发育了一定规模的滨浅湖滩坝砂体。在滩坝砂体沉积特征分析的基础上,利用地震沉积学分析方法和技术,对滩坝砂体分布规律及演化特征进行了研究。在沉积模型控制和钻井资料标定的基础上,地层切片属性分析能够较好的反映滩坝砂体的分布范围,并且能够较好的对坝砂和滩砂沉积进行区分和识别。地层切片分析表明MC1旋回内滩坝砂体早中期表现为进积特征,滩砂和坝砂沉积范围均明显扩大和迁移,中晚期表现为加积特征,坝砂厚度和范围明显增加;MC2旋回内滩坝砂体沉积过程中分布范围变化不大,滩砂和坝砂均呈明显的垂向加积特征。两个旋回内坝砂沉积主要呈相互平行的条带状分布在研究区东南部及中部。为了增加钻井成功率和探明滩坝砂体主体发育特征,建议目前的勘探重点应放在研究区东南部及中部坝砂沉积发育区。 相似文献
6.
川西坳陷在上侏罗统蓬莱镇组沉积期,地形平缓、气候干旱,湖平面频繁变化,发育了一套以浅水三角洲-漫湖为主的沉积体系。基于高分辨率层序地层学理论,通过对野外露头、岩心、分析化验和钻井资料的综合利用,阐明了发育在湖平面频繁变化背景下的浅水漫湖沉积特征,总结了砂体垂向叠置关系和平面分布规律,建立了浅水漫湖沉积体系砂体叠置模式。(1)分流河道和滩坝是研究区内浅水漫湖沉积体系的主要微相类型;(2)分流河道垂直于湖岸线分布,滩坝平行于湖岸线分布,在高频层序发育过程中,由于湖浪淘洗、河流进积等因素的改造,浅水漫湖沉积砂体经历了沉积-破坏-再沉积的过程,在平面上表现为分流河道切割多期平行于湖岸线的滩坝砂;(3)多种成因砂体叠置模式可以分为4种,分别为同期同相自旋回叠置模式、同期异相自旋回叠置模式、不同期同相异旋回叠置模式和不同期不同相异旋回叠置模式。 相似文献
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滇西陇川盆地南林组储层砂体粒度分布特征及环境分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对陇川盆地南林组78个样品的粒度资料进行Q型聚类分析,划分出九种曲线形态;对九种曲线形态进行成因分析及垂向组合研究,认为上第三系中新统南林组储层沉积环境为半深湖重力流沉积、扇三角洲水道和分流河道沉积、三角洲前缘河口坝和近滨岸线沉积;纵向上环境演化为半深湖→扇三角洲→河流三角洲前缘。河口坝和近滨岸线砂体受湖浪和湖流作用影响,物性较好,为最佳储集砂体。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地周边地带新构造演化及其区域动力学背景 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
系统研究了松辽盆地泰康地区青山口组沉积相类型及沉积特征.对其中青一段与青二、三段的沉积相平面分布与垂向演化规律做了较深入的探讨.青山口组主要发育湖泊相与三角洲相2种沉积相类型,湖泊相包括2种亚相与4种微相,三角洲相包括2种亚相和2种微相.青一段以深湖、半深湖相泥岩沉积为特征,青二、三段以浅湖相与三角洲相砂泥岩互层为特征.区内青山口组主要存在3种类型的储层砂体,分别为三角洲前缘河口坝砂体、三角洲前缘远砂坝砂体和浅湖砂体,其中浅湖砂体是最好的含油砂体,浅湖砂体发育的优势区也即浅湖沉积亚相发育区是区内最重要的油气富集区,是今后油气勘探的有利地区 相似文献
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本文以国内少见的发育在主动大陆边缘的特殊盆地类型海沟-斜坡盆地作为研究对象,通过建立井震结合的不同沉积体系的地质-地球物理识别模板,用二维地震资料对研究区目的层的沉积体系进行了解析。结果显示,研究区发育窄的滨浅海、小规模的三角洲、浊积扇、下切谷、半深海陆坡和半深海平原等沉积体系。滨浅海、三角洲和浊积扇沉积体系发育的砂体是主要的储集体。海沟．斜坡盆地的规模较小,以生气为主,可能形成中小型断块油气藏。 相似文献
10.
松辽盆地泰康地区青山口组沉积相及与油气分布关系研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
系统地研究了松辽盆地泰康地区青山口组沉积相类型及沉积特征,其中对青一段与青二、三段的沉积相平面分布与垂向演化规律做了较深入地探讨。研究表明,青山口组主要发育湖泊相与三角洲相2种沉积相类型,其中湖泊相包括2种亚相与4种微相,三角洲相包括2种亚相和2种微相。沉积演化分析表明,青一段以深湖、半深湖相泥岩沉积为特征,青二、三段以浅湖相与三角洲相砂泥岩互层为特征。区内青山口组主要存在三种类型的储层砂体,分别为三角洲前缘河口坝砂体、三角洲前缘远砂坝砂体和浅湖砂体,其中浅湖砂体是最好的含油砂体,浅湖砂体发育的优势区也即浅湖沉积亚相发育区是区内最重要的油气富集区,是今后油气勘探的有利地区。 相似文献
11.
Mud sand flow is a kind of solid-liquid two-phase flow formed in collapsing hill and gully basin during rainfall. It is the main way to export erosion product. The discrimination of its fluid type is one of the collapsing hill and gully control theoretical basis. This paper analyzed the basic characteristics of mud sand flow like grain size and so on through fieldwork and sampling. The results show that the density of mud sand flow is between 1.16~1.60 t/m3 and the solids content is between 257.03~960.55 kg/m3, both of which decrease from the upper to the lower channel. The slurry of mud sand flow is composed mainly of silt and clay. As the density increases, the particle size distribution curve transforms from a single peak to the bimodal distribution similar to the weathering crust with no sorting, and the grain size of mud sand flow becomes coarser which shows a well positive linear correlation between the sediment median particle diameter and density of mud sand flow. The comparison during mud sand flow, hyperconcentrated flow and debris flow shows that collapsing hill and gully mud sand flow, which belongs to an intermediate class between hyperconcentrated flow and debris flow, has a closer link with debris flow. Therefore, mud sand flow can be considered as a sub-class of generalized debris flow that may be called as collapsing hill and gully type debris flow. 相似文献
12.
A. Guy Plint 《Sedimentology》2014,61(3):609-647
Determining sediment transport direction in ancient mudrocks is difficult. In order to determine both process and direction of mud transport, a portion of a well‐mapped Cretaceous delta system was studied. Oriented samples from outcrop represent prodelta environments from ca 10 to 120 km offshore. Oriented thin sections of mudstone, cut in three planes, allowed bed microstructure and palaeoflow directions to be determined. Clay mineral platelets are packaged in equant, face‐face aggregates 2 to 5 μm in diameter that have a random orientation; these aggregates may have formed through flocculation in fluid mud. Cohesive mud was eroded by storms to make intraclastic aggregates 5 to 20 μm in diameter. Mudstone beds are millimetre‐scale, and four microfacies are recognized: Well‐sorted siltstone forms millimetre‐scale combined‐flow ripples overlying scoured surfaces; deposition was from turbulent combined flow. Silt‐streaked claystone comprises parallel, sub‐millimetre laminae of siliceous silt and clay aggregates sorted by shear in the boundary layer beneath a wave‐supported gravity flow of fluid mud. Silty claystone comprises fine siliceous silt grains floating in a matrix of clay and was deposited by vertical settling as fluid mud gelled under minimal current shear. Homogeneous clay‐rich mudstone has little silt and may represent late‐stage settling of fluid mud, or settling from wave‐dissipated fluid mud. It is difficult or impossible to correlate millimetre‐scale beds between thin sections from the same sample, spaced only ca 20 mm apart, due to lateral facies change and localized scour and fill. Combined‐flow ripples in siltstone show strong preferred migration directly down the regional prodelta slope, estimated at ca 1 : 1000. Ripple migration was effected by drag exerted by an overlying layer of downslope‐flowing, wave‐supported fluid mud. In the upper part of the studied section, centimetre‐scale interbeds of very fine to fine‐grained sandstone show wave ripple crests trending shore normal, whereas combined‐flow ripples migrated obliquely alongshore and offshore. Storm winds blowing from the north‐east drove shore‐oblique geostrophic sand transport whereas simultaneously, wave‐supported flows of fluid mud travelled downslope under the influence of gravity. Effective wave base for sand, estimated at ca 40 m, intersected the prodelta surface ca 80 km offshore whereas wave base for mud was at ca 70 m and lay ca 120 km offshore. Small‐scale bioturbation of mud beds co‐occurs with interbedded sandstone but stratigraphically lower, sand‐free mudstone has few or no signs of benthic fauna. It is likely that a combination of soupground substrate, frequent storm emplacement of fluid mud, low nutrient availability and possibly reduced bottom‐water oxygen content collectively inhibited benthic fauna in the distal prodelta. 相似文献
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莺歌海盆地东方A气田莺歌海组的沉积模式存在争议。综合利用岩心、录井、测井等资料分析沉积相类型,在此基础上结合地震多属性及单井、连井分析,研究各气组的沉积演化,并对东方A气田沉积相形成的控制因素进行了总结。莺歌海组二段沉积时期发育三种沉积微相,分别为浊积席状砂、滨外滩坝及滨外泥。该段Ⅲ、Ⅱ气组主要发育来自西部物源的海底扇外扇浊积席状砂,Ⅰ气组主要为滨外滩坝沉积,滨外泥在各气组均有发育。东方A气田的沉积相受控于盆地的二级坡折带及沉积时期底辟的发生。本次研究关于莺歌海组二段浊积席状砂的认识,改变了以往强调东部海南岛物源的滨外滩坝的模式,为后期的开发调整起到了积极有效的作用。 相似文献
14.
Beds comprising debrite sandwiched within co-genetic turbidite: origin and widespread occurrence in distal depositional environments 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Co‐genetic debrite–turbidite beds occur in a variety of modern and ancient turbidite systems. Their basic character is distinctive. An ungraded muddy sandstone interval is encased within mud‐poor graded sandstone, siltstone and mudstone. The muddy sandstone interval preserves evidence of en masse deposition and is thus termed a debrite. The mud‐poor sandstone, siltstone and mudstone show features indicating progressive layer‐by‐layer deposition and are thus called a turbidite. Palaeocurrent indicators, ubiquitous stratigraphic association and the position of hemipelagic intervals demonstrate that debrite and enclosing turbidite originate in the same event. Detailed field observations are presented for co‐genetic debrite–turbidite beds in three widespread sequences of variable age: the Miocene Marnoso Arenacea Formation in the Italian Apennines; the Silurian Aberystwyth Grits in Wales; and Quaternary deposits of the Agadir Basin, offshore Morocco. Deposition of these sequences occurred in similar unchannellized basin‐plain settings. Co‐genetic debrite–turbidite beds were deposited from longitudinally segregated flow events, comprising both debris flow and forerunning turbidity current. It is most likely that the debris flow was generated by relatively shallow (few tens of centimetres) erosion of mud‐rich sea‐floor sediment. Changes in the settling behaviour of sand grains from a muddy fluid as flows decelerated may also have contributed to debrite deposition. The association with distal settings results from the ubiquitous presence of muddy deposits in such locations, which may be eroded and disaggregated to form a cohesive debris flow. Debrite intervals may be extensive (> 26 × 10 km in the Marnoso Arenacea Formation) and are not restricted to basin margins. Such long debris flow run‐out on low‐gradient sea floor (< 0·1°) may simply be due to low yield strength (? 50 Pa) of the debris–water mixture. This study emphasizes that multiple flow types, and transformations between flow types, can occur within the distal parts of submarine flow events. 相似文献
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山东孤岛油田馆陶组沉积晚期浅水振荡湖泊沉积 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
浅水振荡湖泊是一种特殊的浅水湖泊沉积类型，湖盆地形平坦、湖面广阔、水体极浅，广大湖区受气候影响湖平面频繁振荡式升降变化，沉积物多表现为氧化、还原环境交替的红灰相间的细粒沉积物。馆陶组馆1+2砂层组沉积时期浅水振荡湖泊广泛发育，表现为高频红、灰泥岩互层、物源供应不足、浅水湖泊沉积构造及生物成因构造发育、水进→水退沉积旋回明显的沉积特征。通过取心井的观察描述和分析化验，识别出水道砂坝、砂坪、混合坪、泥坪和沼泽5种沉积微相类型，建立了孤岛油田馆1+2砂层组浅水振荡湖泊沉积模式。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地顺托果勒低隆起志留系柯坪塔格组下段发育的陆架砂脊为了解古陆架砂脊沉积建造提供了一个理想实例.利用测井和岩心资料, 根据沉积物的岩性和沉积构造特征, 将陆架砂脊划分为6个岩性相: 块状层理中-细砂岩性相(FA1)、丘状交错层理中-细砂岩性相(FA2)、含撕裂状泥砾的中-细砂岩性相(FA3)、双向交错层理含粘土层的细砂岩性相(FA4)、潮汐层理的细砂岩与泥岩互层岩性相(FA5)和水平层理陆架泥岩性相(FA6);依据岩性相的组合特征, 将陆架砂脊划分为4个沉积微相: 砂脊核微相(FA1-FA2-FA3)、砂脊内缘微相(FA4)、砂脊外缘微相(FA5)和陆架泥微相(FA6);陆架砂脊沉积受陆架潮汐、风暴浪的共同影响.利用钻井约束的三维地震切片属性分析, 确定了NE-SW向和NW-SE向两组古陆架砂脊的平面展布特征.古陆架砂脊储层为特低孔、特低渗, 其中砂脊核微相储层物性相对较好, 平均孔隙度6.96%、平均渗透率0.34×10-3 μm2; 工业油流主要集中在砂脊核微相储层.古陆架砂脊的砂体多呈脊状或丘状并被厚层的陆架泥披覆, 常形成同沉积的微幅背斜-岩性圈闭. 相似文献
17.
结合深水重力流沉积理论、野外剖面、岩心、测井等资料的分析,对鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区延长组长7油层组重力流沉积相和砂体结构的类型、特征进行了深入分析。研究表明长7沉积期发育大面积的深水砂岩,主要发育砂质碎屑流、浊流等重力流砂体,砂质碎屑流沉积以块状层理为主,单砂体厚度大,浊流沉积以粒序层理为主,砂泥互层频繁;结合重力流沉积背景下各成因砂体测井曲线形态、垂向发育厚度、垂向连续性及组合特征,将砂体垂向叠置结构划分为多期砂叠置厚层型、厚砂-薄泥互层型、厚砂-薄砂-泥互层型及薄砂-厚泥互层型四种类型,并对研究区单井砂体结构进行了聚类。实践表明,砂质碎屑流沉积区虽是油气藏有利聚集分布带,但分布面积较广,结合砂体结构特征,可进一步细化有利区划分,为致密油藏有利区的优选提供了新的研究思路。 相似文献
18.
The Hunghae Formation, SE Korea: Miocene debris aprons in a back-arc intraslope basin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ABSTRACT During early to middle Miocene times a sudden opening of the Ulleung (Tsushima) back-arc basin in the East Sea (Sea of Japan) led to the development of intraslope basins along the rifted southwestern margin (southeast Korea). Abrupt subsidence resulted in the deposition of the 200 m thick Hunghae Formation (middle Miocene), a sand/mudstone sequence that can be divided into five facies. Facies I (sand and mudstone couplet) and II (coarse sand) are turbiditic in origin, as evidenced by massive, graded, crudely-layered and parallel-laminated sand beds. Facies III (homogeneous mudstone) is characterized by various lignite and plant fragments, clastic and biogenic grains that are randomly oriented, suggestive of hemipelagic deposition. Facies IV (chaotic deposit) is characterized by the disruption of beds, the presence of isolated siltstone blocks (or balls) and large clasts in the muddy matrix, indicative of retrogressive rockfall and slide/slump. Facies V (conglomerate) is of debris flow origin, as evidenced by clast- and matrix-supported features, floating large clasts and absence of traction structures. Individual facies are organized into two types of facies association: (1) homogeneous mudstone (facies III) associated randomly with the rest (facies I, II, IV and V), indicative of hemipelagic and episodic sediment-gravity flow processes, respectively; (2) conglomerate (facies V), coarse sand (facies II) and sand/mudstone couplet (facies I), representing the flow transformation from debris flow to high- and low-concentration turbidity currents. These facies associations are similar in many respects to modern and ancient debris (or slope) aprons found elsewhere. Numerous isolated slide/slump blocks, wedged conglomerates with armoured mudstone balls, discontinuous lignite-containing sand/mudstone beds, chaotic structure and growth faults suggest that the deposition occurred on a steep slope (intraslope basin) off coalescing fan-deltas, mainly by unchannellized sediment-gravity flows. Ancient deposits with irregular facies sequences can be viewed as debris-apron systems, which provide alternatives to submarine-fan models in many clastic basins with a line rather than point source. 相似文献
19.
松辽盆地盆西斜坡白垩系姚家组下切谷充填结构 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
白垩纪青山口组沉积末期至姚家组沉积初期,松辽盆地发生了湖平面大幅度下降,湖区大规模萎缩,形成了SSQq-qn和SSQy-n之间的二级层序界面.这一时期,西部斜坡普遍暴露,缺失了三级层序SQqn4和SQy1地层,并在齐齐哈尔古水系的作用下在西部斜坡的北部形成了下切谷.下切谷长约70km,宽约20km,呈NW-SE延伸.在SQy23层序水进域,下切谷逐渐被充填.下切谷发育区SQy23水进域的地层厚度明显高于相邻区域,在沉积走向上的高地层厚度梯度带反映了下切谷的边界.下切谷充填序列具有多期旋回性特征,一个完整的短期充填旋回的底界为侵蚀面,侵蚀面之上依次发育泥砾岩、具交错层理含陆源砾石和泥砾中-细粒砂岩、具波纹层理粉砂质泥岩和泥岩.充填下切谷的不同短期旋回的砂体在空间上具有叠瓦状结构.在倾向剖面上,砂体沿下切谷底界面逐层叠置超覆,向盆地方向分叉并尖灭在泥岩中,反映了河-湖共同作用.在横剖面上,砂体呈透镜状错叠.早期的砂体主要发育于相对深谷部位,相对高部位以泥质充填为主,后期的砂体不受原始深谷限制.在SQy23最大湖泛期,下切谷内以泥质充填为主. 相似文献
20.
An ornamented, dome-shaped cavity, partially filled with mudstone, 4 m in diameter at its circular base and 1 m in height occurs in fluvial sandstone of the Carboniferous Boss Point Formation near Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada. The cavity formed by differential weathering and erosion of the mudstone. Its origin is enigmatic though its size, shape and relationship to the underlying mudstone bed on which it rests suggest a diapiric origin for the mudstone that filled it. On the other hand, the ornamentation on the cavity surface includes flute moulds, suggesting an erosional origin for the domal structure. Of the four principal hypotheses for its origin the one preferred by the authors involves formation by diapiric intrusion of semi-fluid mud into liquefied sand, soon after deposition. The ornamentation on the cavity surface would have formed as part of the intrusion process. Structures akin to flute moulds have been produced experimentally in support of this interpretation by differential flow across a cement-mix-mud interface in a flow box and also by diapiric intrusion of mud in a soft cement mix. By analogy the flute moulds on the cavity surface could have been formed in the same way. By this interpretation, primary sedimentary processes need not be invoked to explain their occurrence on either this cavity surface or on the numerous other mudstone cavity surfaces that are ubiquitous in the Permo-Carboniferous of eastern Canada. Results of this study have important implications with respect to the potential diversity of origins of flute moulds in general. 相似文献