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1.
V. Silva Aguirre M. Catelan A. Weiss A. A. R. Valcarce 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2010,328(1-2):123-127
One of the most dramatic events in the life of a low-mass star is the He flash, which takes place at the tip of the red giant branch (RGB) and is followed by a series of secondary flashes before the star settles into the zero-age horizontal branch (ZAHB). Yet, no stars have been positively identified in this key evolutionary phase, mainly for two reasons: first, this pre-ZAHB phase is very short compared to other major evolutionary phases in the life of a star; and second, these pre-ZAHB stars are expected to overlap the loci occupied by asymptotic giant branch (AGB), HB, and RGB stars observed in the color-magnitude diagram (CMD). We investigate the possibility of detecting these stars through stellar pulsations, since some of them are expected to rapidly cross the Cepheid/RR Lyrae instability strip in their route from the RGB tip to the ZAHB, thus becoming pulsating stars along the way. As a consequence of their very high evolutionary speed, some of these stars may present anomalously large period change rates. We constructed an extensive grid of stellar models and produced pre-ZAHB Monte Carlo simulations appropriate for the case of the Galactic globular cluster M3 (NGC 5272), where a number of RR Lyrae stars with high period change rates are found. Our results suggest that some—but certainly not all—of the RR Lyrae stars in M3 with large period change rates are in fact pre-ZAHB pulsators. 相似文献
2.
The number ratios of horizontal branch stars to red giant stars were obtained for globular clusters and Draco dwarf galaxy and the helium abundance was estimated using model results without semiconvection zone (SCZ) and with fully developed one. The analysis was confined to the four clusters (M4, M5, M13, and 47 Tuc) and the Draco galaxy, for which fairly precise star counts had been carried out. The effect of the difference in radial distribution between horizontal and red giant branch stars were taken into account, if necessary. The statistically significant difference inR exists among these objects. The cause may be the difference in the helium abundance and/or in the development of the SCZ. In the case of the fully developed SCZ, the helium abundance for M5 and Draco is appreciably smaller than the value given by the big-bang cosmology. It may be taken as an evidence against the full development of the SCZ for the horizontal branch stars in these objects. 相似文献
3.
A new method for selecting stars in the Galactic bar based on 2MASS infrared photometry in combination with stellar proper motions from the Kharkiv XPM catalogue has been implemented. In accordance with this method, red clump and red giant branch stars are preselected on the color-magnitude diagram and their photometric distances are calculated. Since the stellar proper motions are indicators of a larger velocity dispersion toward the bar and the spiral arms compared to the stars with circular orbits, applying the constraints on the proper motions of the preselected stars that take into account the Galactic rotation has allowed the background stars to be eliminated. Based on a joint analysis of the velocities of the selected stars and their distribution on the Galactic plane, we have confidently identified the segment of the Galactic bar nearest to the Sun with an orientation of 20°–25° with respect to the Galactic center-Sun direction and a semimajor axis of no more than 3 kpc. 相似文献
4.
A. N. Gerashchenko 《Astronomy Letters》2009,35(9):625-632
We describe a method for simultaneous determination of the metallicity and interstellar reddening of globular clusters that
uses parameters of the giant branch on the V vs. (B-R) color-magnitude diagram: the slope of the giant branch, its color at the level of the horizontal branch, and the apparent
magnitude V of the horizontal branch. Applying this method to the globular cluster NGC 7006 gives the metallicity [Fe/H] = −1.78 ± 0.11
and interstellar reddening E
B-R
= 0.25 ± 0.02. 相似文献
5.
《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2017,(7)
We present a new tool for color-magnitude diagram(CMD) studies, Powerful CMD. This tool is built based on the advanced stellar population synthesis(ASPS) model, in which single stars, binary stars, rotating stars and star formation history have been taken into account. Via Powerful CMD, the distance modulus, color excess, metallicity, age, binary fraction, rotating star fraction and star formation history of star clusters can be determined simultaneously from observed CMDs. The new tool is tested via both simulated and real star clusters. Five parameters of clusters NGC 6362, NGC 6652, NGC 6838 and M67 are determined and compared to other works. It is shown that this tool is useful for CMD studies, in particular for those utilizing data from the Hubble Space Telescope(HST). Moreover, we find that inclusion of binaries in theoretical stellar population models may lead to smaller color excess compared to the case of single-star population models. 相似文献
6.
UBV stellar photometry of bright stars in GC M5 – II. Physical parameters of horizontal branch stars
P.V. Baev H. Markov N. Spassova 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,328(3):944-950
The physical parameters of the stars in the central region of the globular cluster M5 (NGC 5904) were determined from UBV photometry using Kurucz's synthetic flux distributions and some empirical relations. It is found that the bluest horizontal branch (HB) stars have higher luminosities than predicted by canonical zero-age horizontal branch models. Parameters of the mass distribution on the HB stars are determined. It is shown that the gap in the blue HB previously reported by Markov et al. in Paper I is probably a statistical fluctuation. 相似文献
7.
A program is developed for determining the history of star-forming galaxies based on the use of two- or multicolor photometry of the resolved stars in a given galaxy. We create a library of synthetic color-magnitude diagrams from theoretical stellar isochrones, taking the initial mass function, distance to the galaxy, internal and external absorption, and photometric errors into account. The resulting synthetic diagrams are combined linearly and compared quantitatively with photometric data for stars in a galaxy in order to determine star formation rates as a function of age and metallicity. This program is tested in detail under different conditions using artificial color-magnitude diagrams. Special attention is given to the limiting case when only the brightest stars of a galaxy can be seen in the color-magnitude diagram and the number of resolved stars is at most a few hundred. This limiting case corresponds to a large fraction of the nearby galaxies at distances of 3-5 Mpc observed by large ground based telescopes and the Hubble Space Telescope. 相似文献
8.
In the field of galaxies images, the relative coordinate positions of each star with respect to all the other stars are adapted. Therefore the membership of star cluster will be adapted by two basic criterions, one for geometric membership and other for physical (photometric) membership. So in this paper, we presented a new method for the determination of open cluster membership based on K-means clustering algorithm. This algorithm allows us to efficiently discriminate the cluster membership from the field stars. To validate the method we applied it on NGC 188 and NGC 2266, membership stars in these clusters have been obtained. The color-magnitude diagram of the membership stars is significantly clearer and shows a well-defined main sequence and a red giant branch in NGC 188, which allows us to better constrain the cluster members and estimate their physical parameters. The membership probabilities have been calculated and compared to those obtained by the other methods. The results show that the K-means clustering algorithm can effectively select probable member stars in space without any assumption about the spatial distribution of stars in cluster or field. The similarity of our results is in a good agreement with results derived by previous works. 相似文献
9.
Observations of 35 long-period variables have been done mainly at the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory during the last years.
A polarimetric monitoring of 34 stars has been carried out with simultaneous photometric measurements for some of them. Photometric
data in the UBVR bands have been obtained for the star Y Ori, which is the faintest one. The results show that the degree
of light polarization is correlated with the period and brightness of these stars. This indicates that the degree of light
polarization is connected with the mass loss as well. Finally the photoelectric observations of the stars Y Ori, T Cep, R
Gem, and R Boo show a short-term increase of their brightness in the decreasing branch of their light curves. The measured
(U-B) or (B-V) colors of detected rapid variations are bluer than the colors of the star measured before these events. It
is supposed that the change of polarization with time, the relatively blue colors of miras near their minimum brightness,
and the colors of detected rapid variations may be explained by the influence of a invisible blue companion, as in the case
of the star R Aqr.
Published in Astrofizika, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 341–350, July–September, 1999. 相似文献
10.
I present the first results from a Hubble Space Telescope/NICMOS imaging study of the most metal-poor blue compact dwarf galaxy, I Zw 18. The near-infrared color-magnitude diagram (CMD) is dominated by two populations, one 10-20 Myr population of red supergiants and one 0.1-5 Gyr population of asymptotic giant branch stars. Stars older than 1 Gyr are required to explain the observed CMD at the adopted distance of 12.6 Mpc, showing that I Zw 18 is not a young galaxy. The results hold also if the distance to I Zw 18 is significantly larger. This rules out the possibility that I Zw 18 is a truly young galaxy formed recently in the local universe. 相似文献
11.
We report on the complex structure of the red giant branch (RGB) of omega Centauri, based on a new wide-field and wide-color baseline B and I photometry. Our color-magnitude diagram (CMD) shows the presence of multiple populations along this branch; in particular, we discovered an anomalous branch (RGB-a), which appears to be well separated from the bulk of the RGB stars. On the basis of our CMD and from the previous literature, we conclude that (1) these stars, clearly identified as a separate population in our CMD, represent the extreme metal-rich extension (&sqbl0;Ca&solm0;H&sqbr0;>-0.3) of the stellar content of omega Cen and show anomalous abundances of s-process elements (as Ba and Zr) as well; (2) they are physical members of the omega Cen system; (3) they comprise approximately 5% of the stars of the whole system; and (4) this component and the metal intermediate one (-0.4>&sqbl0;Ca&solm0;H&sqbr0;>-1) have been found to share the same spatial distribution, both of them differing significantly from the most metal-poor one (&sqbl0;Ca&solm0;H&sqbr0;<-1). This last piece evidence supports the hypothesis that metal-rich components could belong to an independent (proto?) stellar system captured in the past by omega Cen. 相似文献
12.
Information about space distribution is collected for selected classes of evolving stars in the globular cluster M13. After a rigorous elimination of field stars, three samples are examined, corresponding to the red giant stage (G), the blue (B) and the yellow (YG) parts of the horizontal branch. It is shown that results are easy to understand in terms of:
- A substantial mass loss in the H-shell burning stage;
- Evolution along the horizontal branch from the blue side to the red one;
- A mixing in the observed giant branch of two populations with sensible differences in masses.
13.
We analyse the angular momentum evolution from the red giant branch (RGB) to the horizontal branch (HB) and along the HB. Using rotation velocities for stars in the globular cluster M13, we find that the required angular momentum for the fast rotators is up to 1–3 orders of magnitude (depending on some assumptions) larger than that of the Sun. Planets of masses up to 5 times Jupiter's mass and up to an initial orbital separation of ~2 au are sufficient to spin-up the RGB progenitors of most of these fast rotators. Other stars have been spun-up by brown dwarfs or low-mass main-sequence stars. Our results show that the fast rotating HB stars have been probably spun-up by planets, brown dwarfs or low-mass main-sequence stars while they evolved on the RGB. We argue that the angular momentum considerations presented in this paper further support the 'planet second parameter' model. In this model, the 'second parameter' process, which determines the distribution of stars on the HB, is interaction with low-mass companions, in most cases with gas-giant planets, and in a minority of cases with brown dwarfs or low-mass main-sequence stars. The masses and initial orbital separations of the planets (or brown dwarfs or low-mass main-sequence stars) form a rich spectrum of different physical parameters, which manifests itself in the rich varieties of HB morphologies observed in the different globular clusters. 相似文献
14.
Barbara Paltrinieri Francesco R. Ferraro Flavio Fusi Pecci & Eugenio Carretta 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,293(4):434-442
In this paper, we present a B − V CCD colour–magnitude diagram (CMD) of the globular cluster M13 (NGC 6205), reaching down about 2 mag below the main sequence turn-off, based on a new, independent photometric calibration.
The most notable features of the CMD, including about 5500 stars, are (i) the long extension of the blue tail of the horizontal branch (HB), which can be traced down to V ∼19 and (moreover) shows the presence of two gaps; and (ii) the so-called bump on the red giant branch which is well-detected at V =14.75±0.05, using both the differential and integral luminosity functions.
No similar features have ever been detected in any previous ground-based photometry of this cluster.
A direct comparison between the CMD of M13 and M3, calibrated during the same run with the same apparatus, sets an upper limit of about 1.5 Gyr on their age difference, too small to explain the striking differences between their HB morphologies. 相似文献
The most notable features of the CMD, including about 5500 stars, are (i) the long extension of the blue tail of the horizontal branch (HB), which can be traced down to V ∼19 and (moreover) shows the presence of two gaps; and (ii) the so-called bump on the red giant branch which is well-detected at V =14.75±0.05, using both the differential and integral luminosity functions.
No similar features have ever been detected in any previous ground-based photometry of this cluster.
A direct comparison between the CMD of M13 and M3, calibrated during the same run with the same apparatus, sets an upper limit of about 1.5 Gyr on their age difference, too small to explain the striking differences between their HB morphologies. 相似文献
15.
Tomisaka K 《The Astrophysical journal》2000,533(1):L41-L44
We have estimated the ages of eight late-type Vega-like stars by using standard age-dating methods for single late-type stars, e.g., location on the color-magnitude diagram, Li lambda6708 absorption, Ca ii H and K emission, X-ray luminosity, and stellar kinematic population. With the exception of the very unusual pre-main-sequence star system HD 98800, all the late-type Vega-like stars are the same age as the Hyades cluster (600-800 Myr) or older. 相似文献
16.
We have resolved the stars in the halo and in the diffuse northeastern shell of the nearest giant elliptical galaxy NGC 5128
using VLT with FORS1 and ISAAC. Dominating feature in the optical-near IR color-magnitude diagrams is abroad red giant branch,
indicating a large spread in metallicity of the stars. We have detected a significant number of sources brighter than the
tip of the red giant branch. The variability monitoring of these bright red giants shows that they are long period variables
similar to Miras.
This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
We present a study of the β Cephei instability strip based on a sample of 49 stars of this type.After deriving their effective temperatures and luminosities from their observed(B-V),(U-B) colors and parallaxes we find their positions in the HR diagram to be mostly confined to the main sequence,and their masses to lie between 7 M and 30 M.Their distribution on the HR diagram matches well with our previous theoretical instability strip which has an upper bound in the luminosity and rather tight boundaries in the effective temperature. 相似文献
18.
半个世纪以前,Ｒｏｂｅｒｔｓ 和Ｓａｎｄａｇｅ 在验证Ｓｃｈｗａｒｚｓｃｈｉｌｄ 的理论发现时,在水平支ＲＲＬｙｒａｅ 变星缺口段的红端发现了两颗小变幅的变星。当时定不出类型,标以“？”。以后Ｓａｎｄａｇｅ 在做ＲＲ Ｌｙｒａｅ 变星统计研究时,竟不加解释地当作ＲＲａｂ 型星处理。半个世纪之间,没有人对这颗星的反常加以注意。我们用国内的ＣＣＤ 观测,又发现了一颗类似的小变幅变星,但变幅更小,周期更长。这颗星与以前发现的两颗一起,似乎构成ＲＲ Ｌｙｒａｅ 星的又一个次型。现有的变星脉动理论还不能对之加以解释。我们预计,这将再一次推动脉动理论发展。 相似文献
19.
Alejandro Feinstein 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1983,96(2):293-302
New photoelectric UBVRI data for stars in the young open cluster Tr 14 in the Great Carina Nebula (NGC 3372) are presented. The two-color diagram separates clearly the member from the nonmember stars. Thus, the membership of about 39 stars is suggested. Those located in the compact core of the cluster, have smaller reddening dispersion than those around it. No star appears above the Main Sequence at the faint end of the color-magnitude diagram. A distance modulus ofV 0?Mv=12.20±0.2 is obtained, which gives an age of about 5×106 yr. From only the photometry it is concluded to be slightly older than the nearby cluster Tr16. 相似文献
20.
Beatrice M. Tinsley 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1971,12(2):394-407
The colors of giant elliptical (gE) galaxies in clusters out to redshiftz=0.2, observed by Oke and Sandage (1968), are studied for systematic color-redshift effects. To reveal any intrinsic changes, theK term is subtracted from each color, after correction for galactic reddening and the resulting (B-V)
c
-K
B-V
versus z relation analysed. If the Oke and SandageK terms (relevant to nuclear colors) are used, the best fitting linear relation shows negligible change withz. But if the Whitford (1970)K terms (relevant to integrated colors) are used, there is a trend to bluer colors, by 0.07 mag.atz=0.2 if higher weight is given the better observed clusters. An upper limit, of ±0.08 mag. atz=0.2, is set to possible systematic aperture effects, by the total change between nuclear and integrated B-V and U-B of nearbygE galaxies.The color-redshift trends, interpreted as evolutionary changes, are related to evolution in the magnitude-redshift relation by means of models of stellar evolution in agE galaxy. If one uses the linear fit to the color-redshift relation obtained with WhitfordK terms and neglect of any aperture effects (which is the appropriate case if Oke and Sandage used large enough apertures), and if one adopts plausible limits to the ratio between color and magnitude evolution, the effect of evolution in the magnitude-redshift relation results in a negative value ofq
0. There are still substantial observational and theoretical uncertainties affecting this conclusion. 相似文献