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1.
This paper outlines the development as well as implementation of a numerical procedure for coupled finite element analysis of dynamic problems in geomechanics, particularly those involving large deformations and soil-structure interaction. The procedure is based on Biot’s theory for the dynamic behaviour of saturated porous media. The nonlinear behaviour of the solid phase of the soil is represented by either the Mohr Coulomb or Modified Cam Clay material model. The interface between soil and structure is modelled by the so-called node-to-segment contact method. The contact algorithm uses a penalty approach to enforce constraints and to prevent rigid body interpenetration. Moreover, the contact algorithm utilises a smooth discretisation of the contact surfaces to decrease numerical oscillations. An Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) scheme preserves the quality and topology of the finite element mesh throughout the numerical simulation. The generalised-α method is used to integrate the governing equations of motion in the time domain. Some aspects of the numerical procedure are validated by solving two benchmark problems. Subsequently, dynamic soil behaviour including the development of excess pore-water pressure due to the fast installation of a single pile and the penetration of a free falling torpedo anchor are studied. The numerical results indicate the robustness and applicability of the proposed method. Typical distributions of the predicted excess pore-water pressures generated due to the dynamic penetration of an object into a saturated soil are presented, revealing higher magnitudes of pore pressure at the face of the penetrometer and lower values along the shaft. A smooth discretisation of the contact interface between soil and structure is found to be a crucial factor to avoid severe oscillations in the predicted dynamic response of the soil. 相似文献
2.
In geotechnical engineering, numerical analysis of pile capacity is often performed in such a way that piles are modeled using only the geometry of their final position in the ground and simply loaded to failure. In these analyses, the stress changes caused by the pile installation are neglected, irrespective of the installation method. For displacement piles, which are either pushed or hammered into the ground, such an approach is a very crude simplification. To model the entire installation process of displacement piles a number of additional nonlinear effects need to be considered. As the soil adjacent to the pile is displaced significantly, small deformation theory is no longer applicable and a large deformation finite element formulation is required. In addition, the continuously changing interface between the pile and the soil has to be considered. Recently, large deformation frictional contact has been used to model the pile installation and cone penetration processes. However, one significant limitation of the analysis was the use of linear elements, which have proven to be less accurate than higher order elements for nonlinear materials such as soils.
This paper presents a large deformation frictional contact formulation which can be coupled consistently with quadratic solid elements. The formulation uses the so-called mortar-type discretisation of the contact surfaces. The performance of this contact discretisation technique is demonstrated by accurately predicting the stress transfer between the pile and the soil surfaces. 相似文献
3.
Jia-jin Zhou Xiao-nan Gong Kui-hua Wang Ri-hong Zhang Jia-jia Yan 《Acta Geotechnica》2017,12(5):1061-1075
A group of field tests and three-dimensional finite element simulation were used to investigate the behavior of the pre-bored grouting planted pile under compression and tension; moreover, a group of shear tests of the concrete–cemented soil interface was carried out to study the frictional capacity of the pile–cemented soil interface. The load–displacement response, shaft resistance and mobilized base load were discussed based on the measured and computed results. The measured and computed results show that the frictional capacity of the cemented soil–soil interface is better than the frictional capacity of the concrete–soil interface. The frictional capacity of the concrete–cemented soil interface is mainly controlled by the properties of the cemented soil, and the ultimate skin friction of the concrete–cemented soil interface is much larger than that of the cemented soil–soil interface. The frictional capacity of the soil layer close to the enlarged base is also promoted because of the compaction of the enlarged base. The enlarged cemented soil base can promote the behavior of the pile foundation under tension, and the enlarged cemented soil base undertakes approximately 26.3% of the total uplift load under the ultimate bearing capacity in this research. 相似文献
4.
The pre-bored grouted planted pile is a new type of composite pile foundation that consists of a precast concrete pile and the surrounding cemented soil. A series of shear tests were conducted in a specific shear test apparatus to investigate the shaft capacity of the different pile–soil interfaces. The test results show that the frictional capacity of the cemented soil–sand interface is controlled mainly by the sand properties, while the strength of the cemented soil slightly influences the interface properties by affecting the normalized roughness coefficient Rn. The frictional capacity of the concrete–sand interface is similar to the frictional capacity of the cemented soil–sand interface, and the existence of mud cake layer virtually hampers the frictional properties of the interface. The maximum skin friction of the concrete–cemented soil interface increases approximately linearly with the increasing cemented soil strength, and the value of the maximum skin friction is much larger than that of the cemented soil–sand interface of identical cemented soil strength, which demonstrates the integrity of the pre-bored grouted planted pile in the load transfer process. 相似文献
5.
This paper presents an embedded beam formulation for discretization independent finite element (FE) analyses of interactions between pile foundations or rock anchors and the surrounding soil in geotechnical and tunneling engineering. Piles are represented by means of finite beam elements embedded within FEs for the soil represented by 3D solid elements. The proposed formulation allows consideration of piles and pile groups with arbitrary orientation independently from the FE discretization of the surrounding soil. The interface behavior between piles and the surrounding soil is represented numerically by means of a contact formulation considering skin friction as well as pile tip resistance. The pile–soil interaction along the pile skin is considered by means of a 3D frictional point‐to‐point contact formulation using the integration points of the beam elements and reference points arbitrarily located within the solid elements as control points. The ability of the proposed embedded pile model to represent groups of piles objected to combined axial and shear loading and their interactions with the surrounding soil is demonstrated by selected benchmark examples. The pile model is applied to the numerical simulation of shield driven tunnel construction in the vicinity of an existing building resting upon pile foundation to demonstrate the performance of the proposed model in complex simulation environments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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An iterative process based upon a hybrid ‘residual force’ method is presented for solving elasto–plastic soil–structure interaction problems. In this approach the soil and the structure are treated as separate bodies and related only by compatibility of displacements and equilibrium of forces at the soil–structure interface. This scheme enables a significant improvement in numerical stability and rate of convergence over the conventional initial stress method. It is also shown that various interface conditions such as shear failure, slip and breakaway, and frictional and dilatant behaviour can be readily accounted for. Some practical aspects associated with the proposed scheme are emphasized for a number of numerical examples. 相似文献
7.
随着当前海上风电装机容量逐渐增加,超大直径钢管桩基础得到了广泛应用。桩径的增加改变了桩-土相互作用模式,现行规范中钢管桩内侧摩阻力计算方法的适用性有待商榷。通过离心模型试验,采用双壁板桩和管桩模型揭示了黏土中有限范围土压力与不同桩径的内侧摩阻力发挥规律;采用有限元数值分析方法,开展了内侧摩阻力发挥规律的影响因素分析,建立了钢管桩内侧摩阻力计算方法,并与离心机试验结果进行了对比验证。结果表明：随着桩径增大,桩内壁土压力增大,内侧摩阻力也随之增大,并沿桩深呈指数型分布,其发挥范围为距桩端5倍桩径以内;提出的钢管桩内壁侧摩阻力计算方法与离心机试验结果吻合良好。 相似文献
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Contact between stiff structural elements and soil is encountered in many applications in geotechnical engineering. Modelling of such contact is challenging as it often involves impact that would lead to large deformation and failure of the soil. The Material Point Method (MPM) is a mesh‐free method that has been applied to simulate such phenomena. However, the frictional contact algorithm commonly used in MPM only supports Coulomb friction and cannot model fully or partially rough contact conditions in terms of geotechnical engineering. Moreover, because of very different stiffness of contacting materials, the contact force predicted by the previous frictional contact algorithms usually suffers from severe oscillation when applied in structure–soil interaction. This paper presents a new contact algorithm, termed Geo‐contact, designed for geotechnical engineering. In Geo‐contact, a penalty function is incorporated to reduce the oscillation in contact computation, and a limited shear stress is specified along the contact interface. The proposed Geo‐contact algorithm has been implemented to simulate smooth, partially rough and rough contact in typical large deformation penetration problems. The resistance–displacement curves obtained using the Geo‐contact are compared with analytical solutions of limit analysis and large deformation finite element results to verify the accuracy and robustness of the proposed contact algorithm. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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为了寻求路堤荷载下柔性桩复合地基沉降计算的简便方法,基于已有的研究成果,将桩侧摩阻力分布简化为分段线性模式,根据桩长与临界桩长的大小关系,结合桩?土?垫层三者在交界面上的应力与压缩变形协调条件,运用单位元法推导了柔性桩复合地基加固区的沉降计算公式,并采用分层总和法计算复合地基下卧层的沉降量。结合工程实例对计算结果进行验证,结果表明：采用理论方法计算的柔性桩复合地基沉降量与现场实测沉降结果吻合较好,证明理论计算方法的合理性,且能较好地反映路堤荷载作用下柔性桩复合地基的工作性状。进一步分析表明：在临界桩长范围内,桩与桩间土相互作用,最大限度发挥了复合地基桩间土的承载能力;此外,由于桩侧负摩阻力对桩体有拖拽作用,桩身轴力在桩体中性面位置处达到最大值。因此,在工程设计中要高度重视和运用临界桩长和中性面的概念。 相似文献
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桩的上拔承载性能的宏观力学现象与桩周土细观结构变化相关,应用细观力学的颗粒流（PFC2D）数值模拟方法对承受上拔荷载作用的桩基进行了分析,数值模拟了上拔荷载作用的桩及桩周土的细观力学特征,研究了桩侧摩阻力的分布、桩周土剪切带的形成过程,较好的再现了桩的荷载－位移关系的实验结果,并与宏观物理实物试验的位移实测结果作了对比分析。分析了土体中剪切带形成过程中的颗粒间的细观变化及其形成过程,当上拔荷载达到极限时,上拔桩的剪切带形成原因是密砂的应变软化效应;颗粒流数值模拟的颗粒接触力与实物物理试验桩侧摩阻力是同一的,数值模拟的荷载-位移曲线与实物物理试验的荷载-位移曲线一致;桩侧摩阻力、桩上拔过程中剪切带的形成过程、桩上拔荷载-位移关系与颗粒流数值模拟的颗粒分布、速度、接触力的细观参数的变化密切相关。桩承受荷载过程中土颗粒细观结构变化的颗粒流仿真,是关于细观力学特征与宏观力学响应的初步研究。 相似文献
11.
In this paper a typical soil–structure interaction problem is considered, the case of a vertical pile installed in sand and submitted to an axial compression loading. Results from two full scale pile tests are analysed and the tests are reproduced by numerical simulations via finite elements method (FEM). The choice of the mechanical parameters for the soil and the sand–pile interface and the modelling approach are first described. A new numerical strategy is outlined to account for pile installation effects due to jacking and driving via FEM. The proposed approach is based on the application of existing empirical correlations available for the quantification of residual radial and shear stresses along the pile shaft as well as residual pressures around the pile base after the installation. This approach is proposed as an alternative to more complex methods based on the numerical modelling of the pile penetration problem. The role of the constitutive modelling of the interface is also discussed. Finally, comparative analyses of pile loading tests using FEM are provided and the comparisons between numerical and experimental results are presented and discussed. 相似文献
12.
Ahmadreza Hedayat Laura J. Pyrak-Nolte Antonio Bobet 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(5):1575-1587
Seismic wave transmission and digital image correlation (DIC) are employed to study slip processes along frictional discontinuities. A series of biaxial compression experiments are performed on gypsum specimens with non-homogeneous contact surfaces. The specimens are composed of two blocks with perfectly mated contact surfaces with a smooth surface with low frictional strength on the upper half and a rough surface with high frictional strength on the lower half. Compressional, P, and shear, S, wave pulses were transmitted through the discontinuity while digital images of the specimen surface were acquired during the test. A distinct peak in the amplitude of transmitted wave occurs prior to the peak shear strength and is considered a “precursor” to the failure. Precursors indicate that slip initiates from the smooth surface and extends to the rough surface as the shear load is increased. From the DIC data, slip is identified as a jump in the displacement field along the fracture that initiates from the smooth surface and propagates to the rough surface. Precursors are associated with an increase in the rate of slip across the discontinuity and are a measure of the reduction in the fracture shear stiffness. 相似文献
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A method for predicting the maximum mobilized side resistance and unit shaft resistance-displacement curves (load transfer functions) on piles in clay is described. The method was derived using a numerical solution to model pile installation effects and a finite element scheme to model pile loading. Results of three well-documented pile load tests on steel piles were used to develop intermediate steps and final solutions, and the method was verified by comparing predicted results to two other load tests. An expression is proposed to represent load transfer functins for use by practitioners for the design of bridge and other foundations in clay. 相似文献
15.
Summary Direct shear tests were conducted on a granite to granite interface for the purpose of tracing the evolution of frictional resistance as the initially smooth and polished surface wears during continuing shearing displacement. At the moment when sliding on the freshly manufactured interface starts (first slip), the friction angle is very low, between 15° and 20°, but then it increases with displacement rapidly without reaching a peak in the first test (maximum displacement less than 25 mm). Upon repeated shearing of the same surface (without re-finishing), this process of displacement-strengthening continues until a total accumulated displacement of about one half of one meter is reached. At this point, the angle of friction would typically be between 42° and 44°.Once the residual surface was established, the effect of time-related parameters, the duration of stationary contact under constant normal and shear load and variable displacement rate, were investigated. The frictional resistance is shown to increase with decreasing displacement rate and to increase with the duration of stationary contact.At a normal load greater than about one half of one MPa, shear displacement on a residual surface proceeds in an unstable, stick-slip manner. The change from stable to unstable sliding, that can be effected by either decreasing the sliding velocity or increasing the normal load, is not instantaneous, but occurs over a finite amount of displacement. 相似文献
16.
中国大面积场地形成工程日益增多,在缓解土地供求矛盾的同时也带来了诸多工程问题,如场地大面积沉降会造成桩基负摩阻力增加,影响桩基安全性,但针对大面积填土场地中桩基负摩阻力研究成果较少。结合某现场试验,建立了单桩有限元分析模型,与实测数据对比验证模型的合理性。基于验证后的数值分析模型,研究了大面积填土场地工程中填土天然重度及厚度、桩顶和地表荷载及场地形成时间对摩擦型桩下拉荷载和中性点的影响。结果表明,填土厚度和桩顶荷载的变化显著影响中性点的位置;填土的天然重度和厚度越大,下拉荷载越大;场地固结时间越长,下拉荷载越小;减小桩顶荷载和增加地表堆载会增大下拉荷载。敏感度分析表明,相比荷载因素,场地形成因素对下拉荷载及桩顶沉降影响更为显著。最后,结合国内外规范讨论了考虑大面积填土场地中摩擦型桩负摩阻力计算方法的适用性。研究结果对大面积填土场地摩擦型桩设计具有参考价值。 相似文献
17.
Ali Lashkari 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(8):904-931
Using pile segment analysis, the mobilized shaft resistance of axially loaded nondisplacement piles in sand is investigated here. It is accepted that the shaft capacity of piles constructed in granular soils is highly influenced by the mechanical behavior of soil–structure interfaces forming adjacent the piles skin. Adopting the thin interface layer as a load transfer mechanism, a simple but accurate critical state compatible interface constitutive model is introduced. After evaluation, the interface model in conjunction with the pile segment analysis is applied for the prediction of the shaft resistance mobilized in nondisplacement piles. The proposed approach takes into account the influences of pile diameter and surface roughness together with the effects of the surrounding soil density and stiffness on the mobilized shaft resistance. The performance of the proposed method is verified by comparing its predictions with the experimental data of various model piles covering wide ranges of length, diameter, roughness, and surrounding soil properties. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
泥皮的存在会使灌注桩承载力降低,由于受施工工艺、方法以及现场条件影响,泥皮并不全部分布于整个桩壁四周,而是存在于部分区域。用折减桩土接触面参数的方法来模拟泥皮作用,对不同高度分布的泥皮进行数值方法模拟,分析不同泥皮分布高度对灌注桩的承载性状影响。计算结果表明,泥皮分布高度越高,荷载-沉降曲线越陡,拐点位置不断前移,当泥皮性状比α=0.8时,极限承载力损失约在5%~25%,当α=0.6时,极限承载力损失约在5%~50%。泥皮分布高度对桩侧摩阻力的影响与上部荷载作用下泥皮性质能够提供的极限摩阻力有关;有泥皮存在的部位,桩身轴力传递速率明显加快,泥皮分布高度越高,桩身轴力传递速率越快,且越向下部,泥皮分布高度对轴力的影响越大;泥皮分布越高,桩侧摩阻力就越容易达到极限摩阻力,导致泥皮分布越高,桩端阻力越大。 相似文献
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:分析探讨了桩基负摩阻力的特性 ,提出了桩基下拉荷载的经验公式 ,并通过某深桩基础的纠倾工程验证了所建议公式的可行性 ,为桩基负摩阻力在建筑物纠倾工程中的应用提供了理论依据 ,为深桩基础建筑物的纠倾扶正技术提供了一种行之有效的方法 相似文献