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1.
《中国地理与资源文摘》2006,(2)
P343.52006021064长江口水沙入海通量的观测与分析=Measurements andanalysis of water discharges and suspended sedi ment fluxes inChangjiang Estuary/汪亚平,潘少明…∥地理学报.—2006,61(1).—35~46在长江口用声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)进行走航式断面观测,结果表明,采集水样获取的悬沙浓度与ADCP记录的声学信号(后向散射强度)之间存在显著相关关系,因此可据ADCP声学数据获得沿观测断面的高时空分辨率的悬沙浓度剖面.分析结果表明,在徐六泾附近断面以往复流占优势,大潮期间单位时间最大水、悬沙通量值出现于涨潮期,落潮历时… 相似文献
2.
ADCP在长江口悬沙输运观测中的应用 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
声学多普勒流速剖面仪 (ADCP)是近年来发展起来的一种用于测量流速的声学仪器 ,同时还可以通过建立回声强度和现场取得水样的回归关系式而获得悬沙浓度的数据。本文利用在长江口两个站位的高频观测数据 ,对现场取得的悬沙作粒度分析 ,在此基础上对枯季长江口地区悬沙输送机制和悬沙粒度对水动力的响应进行了分析和探讨。结果表明 :平均流输运在整个悬沙输送中占主导地位 ,同时潮扩散和垂向扩散作用也是引起两站悬沙输运的重要因子 ;不同层次和不同时刻的悬沙粒度参数的变化 ,既和海 陆转换有关 ,也和潮相变化密切相关。 相似文献
3.
长江口水域悬沙浓度时空变化与泥沙再悬浮 总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29
根据近年来长江河口及其邻近水域8个测站1年的表层悬沙浓度逐日观测资料,并结合水动力状况,对悬沙浓度的时空变化进行了分析。结果发现,长江口自徐六泾以下悬沙浓度不断增高,并呈现口内夏高冬低,而口外冬高夏低,且量值为口外大于口内,杭州湾大于长江口。表明长江入海泥沙在海洋动力作用下强烈再悬浮;悬沙浓度在时间上呈现明显的大小潮周期和季节性变化。进一步分析认为,海洋动力 (风浪和潮流) 是泥沙再悬浮的主导因素,制约悬沙浓度的年内变化,其中潮流控制悬沙浓度的大小潮周期变化,风浪引起悬沙浓度的季节性变化,河流径流和海洋动力的对比制约悬沙浓度的空间分布。 相似文献
4.
河川径流还现计算是准确反映区域水资源状况的基础,同时也是水资源规划和决策的重要依据。选取甘肃省洮河流域李家村、红旗2个代表水文站长系列径流资料作为基础数据,在还原计算的础上,对洮河流域径流进行还现计算,同时对径流变化特征进行研究。结果表明:1956-2016年洮河流域李家村、红旗多年平均实测径流量分别为39.52×10^8 m^3、44.66×10^8 m^3,还原后多年平均天然径流量分别为39.69×10^8 m^3、46.11×10^8 m^3,多年平均还原水量分别为0.17×10^8 m^3、1.45×10^8 m^3,2站消耗水量主要用于农业灌溉;2站天然径流突变趋势基本一致,突变点均为1990年;李家村、红旗站径流多年平均天然径流量修正还现后分别为31.76×10^8 m^3、38.77×10^8 m^3,减少径流量分别为7.93×10^8 m^3、7.04×10^8 m^3,分别减少20%、15%;还现后李家村站年径流呈现略微增加趋势,而红旗站年径流量呈现略微减小趋势;径流量呈现20世纪50年代和70年代-21世纪00年代低于多年平均值,21世纪10年代高于平均值和不同丰、平、枯状态的年代际特证。研究结果为流域水资源调查评价提供基础支撑,对促进流域水资源高效利用和优化配置,指导区域水资源综合管理与社会经济发展具有重要作用。 相似文献
5.
闽江河口藨草湿地CH_4排放特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
用静态箱法,在2007年阴历每月(除2月和4月外)的初三或初四以及2007年7月12～13日(生长季)和12月16～17日(非生长季),分别采集闽江河口鳝鱼滩藨草(Scirpus triqueter)湿地的气体样品,利用GC-2010气相色谱仪分析样品的CH4浓度,并计算CH4排放通量.结果表明,10个月中,藨草湿地CH4排放通量涨潮前和落潮后的最大值分别出现在7月和8月,最小值分别出现在3月和1月;涨潮前和落潮后CH4排放通量变化范围分别为0.39～9.08 mg/(m2·h)和0.95～12.78 mg/(m2·h);各观测月藨草湿地涨潮前和落潮后CH4排放通量与距地表1 m气温和20 cm土温有显著的正相关关系(n=10, p<0.01),此外,涨潮前各观测月藨草湿地CH4排放通量与盐度显著负相关(n=10, p<0.05),与土壤含水量显著正相关(n=10, p<0.05);夜间的CH4排放通量总体低于白天;生长季和非生长季日变化观测中,各观测时刻藨草湿地CH4排放通量的变化范围分别为2.43～12.66 mg/(m2·h)和0.09～1.30 mg/(m2·h),潮汐是影响CH4排放通量日变化的主要因子. 相似文献
6.
闽江河口潮汐湿地甲烷排放通量温度敏感性特征 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
选择2007年11个月的中潮日,在闽江河口鳝鱼滩潮汐湿地,同步观测了芦苇(Phragmites australis)沼泽、短叶茳芏(又称成草)(Cyoerus malaccensis)沼泽、藨草(Scirpus triqueter)沼泽和光滩涨潮前、落潮后的甲烷排放通量以及气温和土温,计算了甲烷排放通量温度敏感性(Q10值),并分析了湿地甲烷排放通量Q10值与温度的关系.研究结果表明,4种湿地的甲烷排放通量与土温、气温都有显著的指数相关关系(n=20,p<0.01),低温时比高温时相关程度更高;4种湿地甲烷排放通量平均土温敏感性(Qs10值)和气温敏感性(Qa10值)分别为5.41和3.95,芦苇沼泽、咸草沼泽、藨草沼泽和光滩的甲烷排放通量Qs10值分别为3.22、5.23、4.79和11.10,它们的甲烷排放通量Qa10值分别为2.89、3.96、3.84和7.78,光滩甲烷排放通量温度敏感性最强;涨潮前4种湿地甲烷排放通量平均Qs10值和平均Qa10值分别为4.82和3.53,落潮后则分别为6.15和4.39,但涨潮前与落潮后湿地甲烷排放通量Q10值的差异不显著(p>0.05);湿地植物主要生长季,潮汐湿地甲烷排放通量Q10值低于其他时间. 相似文献
7.
近年来长江流域入海沙量呈现阶梯性减小趋势,三峡水库蓄水后加剧了这一减小趋势,并通过传递效应影响河口悬沙浓度变化。基于长江口1950-2013年悬沙浓度数据,结果表明：① 长江口南支河段及口外海域悬沙浓度为减小趋势,且越向海域减幅越小,同时与流域入海沙量减幅差距加大;② 北支优势流变化不大,但悬沙浓度为减小趋势,主要为南支和海域大环境悬沙浓度减小所致;③ 拦门沙河段悬沙浓度的峰值区域因径流减小、潮流相对增强,2003-2012年较1984-2002年期间峰值位置向口内上溯约1/6经度,上溯距离洪季 > 年均 > 枯季;④ 1999-2009年南槽进口悬沙浓度减小,主要是再悬浮和滩槽交换引起的悬沙浓度增量小于流域和海域悬沙浓度锐减引起的减量,中段该作用相反,悬沙浓度为增加趋势;⑤ 北槽进口由于分流分沙比减小、流域和海域悬沙浓度减小及再悬浮量减小等综合影响下,1999-2012年逐年的8月份悬沙浓度呈减小趋势,中段越堤沙量作用明显高于外部坏境引起的减小量,为增加趋势。 相似文献
8.
三峡水库一、二期蓄水对下游悬沙通量影响的计算 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
水库对坝下游泥沙通量影响的定量估算是一个国际前沿的科学问题.本文利用长江干流上寸滩、宜昌、汉口、大通四站及其间的支流控制站的水沙监测数据,结合对于流两侧不在支流控制站监测范围的"未测区"水沙贡献的估算,建立了悬沙收支平衡和悬沙输运经验关系,从而定量分析了三峡水库一、二期蓄水对大坝下游(至河口)悬沙通量的影响.结果表明:(1)三峡水库一期(2003-2005年)和二期(2006-2007年)蓄水期间水库的悬沙淤积比分别为64%和83%.(2)受坝下游河床冲刷和支流来沙补给的影响,三峡水库一、二期蓄水分别导致宜昌站悬沙通量下降62%和82%,汉口站悬沙通量下降37%和54%,大通站悬沙通量下降28%和40%.(3)与蓄水前的5年(1998-2002年)相比,蓄水后的2003-2007年上述三站悬沙通量分别下降354×109、172×109和163×109kg/a,其中三峡水库蓄水的贡献分别占41%、55%和45%.以上认识对科学和客观的评价河流建坝的环境效应提供了启示. 相似文献
9.
额济纳地区沙尘气溶胶质量浓度特征初步分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为更好地理解亚洲沙尘源区气溶胶特征,在巴丹吉林沙漠边缘额济纳地区进行了野外观测。通过对沙尘源区之一的额济纳地区沙尘气溶胶的长期临测,获得了其区域代表性沙尘气溶胶理化特征。其TSP年变化以5月最大,9月最小,这与气象条件密切相关。针对典型天气过程的观测结果表明,不同天气条件（背景大气、浮尘、扬沙和沙尘暴）下TSP浓度存在倍数关系和量级的差异,其质量浓度随粒径的分布特征也明显不同。总体上讲,额济纳地区清洁大气中沙尘气溶胶浓度量级为10^2μg／m^3,而浮尘,扬沙及沙尘暴期间沙尘气溶胶质量浓度量级为10^2μg/m^3,超强沙尘暴沙尘质量浓度可达量级为10^4μg／m^4,在不同风向影响下,气溶胶粒径分布呈现不同特征;与沙坡头、敦煌地区相比,具有其独特的区域特性。 相似文献
10.
长江河口枯季河床沉积物与河床沙波现场观测研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
于2002年3月利用浅地层剖面仪、双频道测深仪、旁侧声纳和ADCP流速剖面仪、ENDECO海流仪、OBS测沙仪在江阴至横沙岛航行150km,取得河床沉积物、河床形态和与此相关的动力因子实测资料。采用沉积学和泥沙运动力学相结合的方法进行研究,结果表明:观测期间该河段河床沉积物颗粒组成以细砂为主,中值粒径为2φ左右,分选较好;河床泥沙以单颗粒群体跳跃运动为主,在河床上形成沙波形态,并发育良好;其河床沙波的形成、发展和消失与河床沉积物颗粒度特征和涨落潮水流强弱息息相关。 相似文献
11.
Based on hydrometric data and extensive investigations on water-extracting projects, this paper presents a preliminary study on water discharge changes between Datong and Xuliujing during dry season. The natural hydrological processes and human factors that influence the water discharge are analyzed with the help of GIS method. The investigations indicate that the water-extracting projects downstream from Datong to Xuliujing had amounted to 64 in number by the end of 2000, with a water-extracting capacity up to 4,626 m3/s averaged in a tidal cycle. The water extraction from the Changjiang River has become the most important factor influencing the water discharge downstream Datong during dry season. The potential magnitude in water discharge changes are estimated based on historical records of water extraction and a water balance model. The computational results were calibrated with the actual data. The future trend in changes of water discharge into the sea during dry season was discussed by taking into consideration of newly built hydro-engineering projects. The water extraction downstream Datong in dry season before 2000 had a great influence on discharges into the sea in the extremely dry year like 1978-1979. It produced a net decrease of more than 490 m3/s in monthly mean discharges from the Changjiang into the sea. It is expected that the water extraction will continually increase in the coming decades, especially in dry years, when the net decrease in monthly mean water discharge will increase to more than 1000 m3/s and will give a far-reaching effect on the changes of water discharge from the Changjiang into the sea. 相似文献
12.
长江大通-河口段枯季的径流量变化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Based on hydrometric data and extensive investigations on water-extracting projects, this paper presents a preliminary study on water discharge changes between Datong and Xuliujing during dry season. The natural hydrological processes and human factors that influence the water discharge are analyzed with the help of GIS method. The investigations indicate that the water-extracting projects downstream from Datong to Xuliujing had amounted to 64 in number by the end of 2000,with a water-extracting capacity up to 4,626 m3/s averaged in a tidal cycle. The water extraction from the Changjiang River has become the most important factor influencing the water discharge downstream Datong during dry season. The potential magnitude in water discharge changes are estimated based on historical records of water extraction and a water balance model. The computational results were calibrated with the actual data. The future trend in changes of water discharge into the sea during dry season was discussed by taking into consideration of newly built hydro-engineering projects. The water extraction downstream Datong in dry season before 2000 had a great influence on discharges into the sea in the extremely dry year like 1978-1979. It produced a net decrease of more than 490 m^3/s in monthly mean discharges from the Changjiang into the sea. It is expected that the water extraction will continually increase in the coming decades, especially in dry years, when the net decrease in monthly mean water discharge will increase to more than 1000 m^3/s and will give a far-reaching effect on the changes of water discharge from the Changjiang into the sea. 相似文献
13.
14.
长江大通-河口段枯季的径流量变化 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
通过实地调查和收集长江下游1950－2000年水文、水利工程资料，建立了长江大通以下枯季径流量变化地理信息系统，分析了影响长江大通水文站以下径流量变化的水文过程，探索了这一区间枯季径流量变化的成因与过程。调查研究表明，截止2000年大通以下各类抽引水工程的总数已达64个，抽引水能力达到了4626m^3/s（潮周期内平均轴引水流量）。实际抽引水量呈现很大的年、季波动，这与本区气候干旱情况、农作物生长期、跨流域调水量等多种因素有关。研究表明：大通－河口段沿江两岸大量的抽引水已成为影响长江大通以下枯季入海流量变化的最重要的因素。本文在过去实际抽引江水资料的基础上，估算了过去不同水文、气候背景下长江大通以下枯季径流量的变化幅度及其对入海流量的影响，并利用实际数据进行了验证。在此基础上，探讨了未来长江大通以下枯季的径流量变化趋势。 相似文献
15.
Mechanisms of suspended sediment restoration and bed level compensation in downstream reaches of the Three Gorges Projects (TGP) 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Wei Zhang Yunping Yang Mingjin Zhang Yitian Li Lingling Zhu Xingying You Dong Wang Junfeng Xu 《地理学报(英文版)》2017,27(4):463-480
River basin reservoir construction affects water and sediment transport processes in downstream reaches. The downstream impact of the Three Gorges Projects (TGP) has started to become apparent: (1) reduction in flood duration and discharge, and significant reduction in sediment load. Although there was some restoration in downstream sediment load, the total amount did not exceed the pre-impoundment annual average; (2) in 2003–2014, the d > 0.125 mm (coarse sand) load was restored to some degree, and to a maximum at Jianli Station, which was mainly at the pre-impoundment average. After restoration, erosion and deposition characteristics of the sediment was identical to that before impoundment. The degree of restoration during 2008–2014 was less than during 2003–2007; (3) after TGP impoundment, there was some restoration in d < 0.125 mm (fine sand) sediment load, however, it was lower than the pre-impoundment average; (4) due to riverbed compensation, the d > 0.125 mm sediment load recovered to a certain degree after impoundment, however, the total did not exceed 4400×104 t/y. This was mainly limited by flood duration and the average flow rate, and was less affected by upstream main stream, tributaries, or lakes. Restoration of d < 0.125 mm suspended sediment was largely controlled by upstream main stream, tributaries, and lakes, as well as by riverbed compensation. Due to bed armoring, riverbed fine suspended sediment compensation capability was weakened; (5) during 2003–2007 and 2008–2014, Yichang to Zhicheng and upper Jingjiang experienced coarse and fine erosion, lower Jingjiang experienced coarse deposition and fine erosion, Hankou to Datong had coarse deposition and fine erosion, and Chenglingji and Hankou was characterized by coarse deposition and fine sand erosion in 2003–2007, and coarse and fine erosion in 2008–2014. This difference was controlled by flood duration and number at Luoshan Station. 相似文献
16.
黄河内蒙古段淤积泥沙洪水冲刷效应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了探讨黄河内蒙古段淤积泥沙的洪水冲刷效应,于2012年对其三湖河口水文站河道监测断面汛期（7-10月）流量、悬移质泥沙含量以及洪水期间（2012年8月20日-2012年10月1日）悬移质泥沙含量、粒度百分含量的垂直变化特征与流量的关系进行了统计和分析。结果表明：（1）该次洪水具有峰高量大、洪峰过程在河段内持续时间长、洪水起涨和消退缓慢、峰形矮胖的特点;（2）洪水过程中,小于0.05 mm的细颗粒泥沙在2 000 m3·s-1左右的流量下就能输移通过,在2 000～2 400 m3·s-1时输沙强度最大,对河道淤积泥沙可以达到输沙最优的效果;而粒径大于0.05 mm的泥沙输移的效果不好。 相似文献
17.
特枯水情对长江中下游悬浮泥沙的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于长江中下游气象资料、历史水沙资料和2006 年10 月现场水沙观测资料, 分析了 典型枯水年大通站的月均径流量和输沙率特征、2006 年特枯水情产生的气候背景以及对长江中下游含沙量和悬沙粒径产生的影响。分析表明, 枯水年长江干流输沙量有显著的减少, 2006 年特枯水情下大通站汛期输沙量仅占多年平均值(1985-2000 年) 的19.8%。在特枯水情 和三峡工程蓄水的背景下, 2006 年10 月长江中下游含沙量平均为0.057 kg/m3, 只占 2003-2005 年10 月平均值的20.6%。2006 年10 月长江中下游悬沙中值粒径平均为4.8 µm, 悬沙中值粒径只占多年平均值的26.3%, 占近期平均值的41.8%。含沙量、悬沙粒度和中游 河床冲淤特性的综合分析表明, 城陵矶-湖口河段水沙垂向交换强, 是三峡兴建以后近期河 道调整频繁的河段。洞庭湖和鄱阳湖对长江干流含沙量的贡献较大, 尤以鄱阳湖的贡献最大, 长江中下游其他支流对长江干流含沙量的贡献较小。汉江和巢湖对长江中下游悬沙粒径的影响相对较大, 而洞庭湖和鄱阳湖则对悬沙粒径的影响相对较小。 相似文献
18.
Seismic framework and the Holocene morphological evolution of the Changjiang River mouth, China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Acoustic profiling in combination with coring has been used to examine the recent evolution of river mouth of the Changjiang. Two acoustic facies are present. Petrologic, radiometric and seismic analyses show that the upper facies I of 10–20 m thick fine sand and silt represents the sandy shoals of late Holocene age in the distributary, and the 5–20 m thick lower facies II of fine-grained silty clay with abundant marine microfossils represents the mid-Holocene prodelta facies deposited as fillings in the former large estuarine valley of late Pleistocene to early Holocene origin. Rapid accumulation during the Holocene has led to some instability of unconsolidated sedimentary strata in the distributary, such as strata collapse and mud diaper formation. The existence of large cross beddings, such as tabular and trough stratification in facies I identifies the sediment transport as predominantly bed load, driven by runoff and tidal currents. Two sets of discrete flood-ebb flow troughs, oriented NW and SE reflect controls by tidal waves generated from the sea and the superimposition of runoff and ebb flows. Symmetrical sand waves that appear at the northern trough of one of the distributaries also indicate the balancing sediment dynamics between runoff-ebb and flood currents, whereas the asymmetrical ones in the southern trough indicate superimposed sedimentation by runoff and ebb flows. A large quantity of sediment has been deposited in the slack water region between the discrete flood and ebb flows to form sandy shoals — the principal mechanism of the evolution of estuarine islands in the Holocene Changjiang mouth. The morphology of the extended river mouth to the southeast possibly indicates an external driving force, such as the Coriolis Effect, NW-prevailing wind and longshore currents. 相似文献
19.
Based on the results of water sample measurements of nutrient concentrations at the Datong Station of the Changjiang River from 1998 to 1999, combined with historical data of water quality, seasonal variations of nutrient concentrations and nutrient transports are discussed.The following results have been obtained: (1) the fluxes of the nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen increased by time-series from 1962 to 1990, even if runoff volume had a little variation; (2) the concentrations and fluxes of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) increased notably with time, but those of the dissolved silicon (DSI) decreased pronouncedly; and (3) the concentrations and fluxes changed synchronously with time between the Datong Station and the Changjiang Estuary. 相似文献