共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 640 毫秒
1.
游荡性河道在中国广泛分布,其中以黄河下游上段最为典型,但关于游荡性河型的归属问题尚存在很大争议,国际上多将游荡性河流归属为辫状河型。本文以黄河下游游荡性河道为典型案例,系统总结了游荡性河流的演变特征、主要影响因素和形成机理,并从定义、成因、特征及河道形成过程方面,将游荡与辫状河型的异同点进行对比分析。得到以下启示：游荡性河型是一种重要的河道型态,与辫状河型在许多方面存在较明显差异。特别是游荡河型主要发育于能量小于输沙需求的环境,因而形态呈现不稳定特性,但辫状河型不仅出现在能量较多的环境,而且也常在能量较小的环境中出现,因而一部分具有稳定形态,另一部分则表现出不稳定的特性,因此,有必要对游荡性河道和辫状河道给予区分。最后对未来研究进行了展望,提出应重视河型形成的内在机理,对能量理论进行发展及深化,进一步系统性评价游荡性河道与辫状河道的异同性,以解决游荡性河道的河型归属问题。 相似文献
2.
边界条件对曲流发育影响的过程响应模型实验研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
基于系统论模型化原理及地貌演化类比性法则的过程响应模型,有利于研究河型演化,河道过程及控制因素的作用。运用该模型所进行的边界条件对曲流发育影响的实验表明,河漫滩物质结构及河床上的抗蚀露头对曲流发育具有控制作用。 相似文献
3.
地貌发育演化研究的空代时理论与方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
地貌的发育在特定的条件下往往呈现空间分布上由“新”至“老”的过渡,据此,对地貌类型与特征在空间上的序列采样,即可为研究某种地貌的个体发育提供基本依据。该方法即为地貌学研究中的空代时。本文首先介绍了空代时方法产生的背景与基本概念。分析了近年来空代时方法应用于河流地貌、构造地貌、河口海岸地貌等不同地貌类型演化过程的研究进展。在此基础上,明确了空代时方法在地貌学研究中的适用条件、影响因素及分类体系,并提出了地貌学空代时的研究范式。本文认为今后的研究工作一方面应充分利用海量的地理空间数据,运用空代时方法研究多种空间尺度下的地貌演化的问题;另一方面,应结合现有的物理机制和统计规律,构建集形、数、理一体化的地貌演化模型。 相似文献
4.
地壳构造运动对河型转化影响的实验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文通过室内模拟试验,探讨了由于地壳构造运动以及由此而导致输沙特性变化所引起的不同河型转化和发育的规律。利用试验测量资料进行多元逐步回归分析,分别得到了地壳沉降与地壳抬升时计算河型转化判据的判别函数。应用数量化理论对试验资料进行综合分析,建立了因地壳构造运动影响而形成的五种河型的判别空间,并由此分析了地壳构造运动对河型转化影响的一般规律。 相似文献
5.
密云水库以上的潮白河分为白河和潮河两支,分别穿行于燕山山区。两河的上段为顺直河型或游荡河型,下段为典型的深切曲流。河势及河型受地质构造的深刻影响。潮白两河的纵比降大,来水、来沙在时间和空间上的分配不均匀,对不同河型的形成有影响,这也表明密云水库以上的潮白河具有山地河流的特点。 相似文献
6.
河漫滩地生态系统影响下的河型转化—以红山水库上游河道为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
将地生态学概念与方法用于水库修建后河床调整过程的研究，以老哈河红山水库上游为例阐述了河漫滩地生态系统影响下的河型转化过程，由于水库上游河漫滩地生态系统的变化，导致了河漫滩淤积过程的改变，使河岸组成物质变细，抗冲性增强，因而促使建库前的游荡河型逐渐转化为曲型。 相似文献
7.
高含沙型曲流河床形成机理的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
本文描述了在我国黄土高原宽谷中发现的含沙量超过100kg/m^3的曲流河床，并运用高含沙水流的作用对其成因进行了探讨。指出当水流进入高含沙范围时，水流能耗率大幅度降低，挟沙能力大大增加，这是促使河床向弯曲发展的主要原因。由于高含沙水流的稳定输送有赖于边界条件，故边界条件在这种曲流河床的形成中起了重要的作用。文中并讨论了这一地区游荡河型与弯曲河型的判别条件。 相似文献
8.
煤炭资源型城市产业结构演替与空间形态演变耦合——以安徽省淮南市为例 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
以安徽省淮南市为案例,借助国民经济发展统计数据和城市土地利用现状图等资料,以ArcGIS空间分析、SPSS统计分析结果为基础,构建煤炭资源型城市产业结构与城市空间形态耦合评价模型,从两者的耦合协调度和空间响应指数两个方面测度了煤炭资源型城市产业结构演替与城市空间形态演化的耦合过程、特征。结果表明：① 在煤炭资源型城市发展进程中,产业结构与城市空间形态之间存在明显的相互作用关系。② 产业结构通过生产要素对城市空间形态演化起着推动作用,两者间的耦合协调性较强,耦合度介于0.5~0.65之间,呈上升趋势;协调度维持在0.99以上,处于中度耦合良好协调状态。③ 城市空间对产业结构的响应度经历了增高、降低、再次升高的变化过程,表现为前期和后期高、中期低的“U”型特征。本文还从不同生命周期阶段、不同产业结构生产要素的空间效应和环境效应入手,分析了煤炭资源型城市产业结构演替与城市空间形态演化耦合机理,认为煤炭资源型城市空间形态演化是产业结构演替过程中生产要素通过空间效应作用实现的自我修复结果。 相似文献
9.
中国河流地貌研究进展——纪念沈玉昌先生100年诞辰 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2016年是中国现代河流地貌研究的开拓者和奠基人沈玉昌先生100年诞辰,本文对中国河流地貌研究进展进行综述,以资纪念。研究涉及4个方面：① 水系发育与河谷地貌演变,包括大江大河水系历史发育和山区河流地貌;② 侵蚀与产沙过程,包括有物理成因基础的侵蚀产沙模型、侵蚀产沙过程的尺度效应、植被对侵蚀的影响及临界现象、坡面细沟发育过程模拟等;③ 河床过程与河型,包括河道冲淤过程、河床演变、河型成因与演变等;④ 河流地貌系统研究,包括流域系统不同子系统的耦合关系、河流地貌系统中的高含沙水流和多营力地貌过程、河流地貌系统对于自然因素变化和人类活动的响应、河流地貌系统中的泥沙灾害和河流地貌系统的实验研究等。50年前沈玉昌先生与钱宁先生提出在地貌学与河流动力学相结合的基础上发展中国河流学科。文中对此方面的进展进行了综述,并提出了需要深化和解决的问题。 相似文献
10.
黄河下游不同洪水情景决溢风险评价 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
本文提出黄河下游悬河决溢风险的影响因素应当包含水沙运动、区域地壳稳定性、河势演变和堤防稳定性4个方面,并据此建立了指标体系和基于GIS技术的多层次模糊综合评判模型,对不同洪水情景下黄河下游的决溢风险进行了评价。结果表明:(1)决溢风险随着洪水量的增大而增高;(2)决溢风险随河型的沿程变化而降低;(3)决溢风险较大的河段集中在游荡型河段,游荡型河段南岸风险高于北岸;(4)弯曲型河段北岸决溢风险高于南岸;这些结论能够应用于黄河下游河道的治理与防汛抗洪的实践。研究表明:本研究的评价指标体系和方法,能够用于解决黄河下游的决溢风险问题; GIS空间分析技术能够量化不同空间位置的决溢风险,客观地反映不同空间位置决溢风险的差别,对于指导防洪和河道治理的实践具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
11.
Straight river is generally regarded as one of the typical river patterns in conventional classifications in terms of their channel plain landforms. However, very few straight patterns were found to be distributed in wider spatial and temporal spans in the self-adjusted fluvial rivers. Thus, the questions occur such as that is it possible for a channel takes on a stable straight pattern? What are the main factors controlling the processes of the river pattern formation and transformation from a straight to other patterns? Various theories and hypotheses including geomorphic threshold hypothesis, the extreme hypothesis on energy dissipation rate, the stability theory, etc. have been developed to explain the aforementioned questions, but none of them is sound for the explanation to the straight-river formation. From the modern fluvial plain patterns, the straight patterns are not as stable as other typical patterns which occurred in nature; from the historic records of the river sedimentation, no apparent evidence was found to support the stable straight river evolution. Based on the analysis of existing theories, observations, evolvement processes of the channel patterns in the experimental results, this paper concluded that the straight pattern should not be included as one of the typical patterns that are self-formed and developed. This study is of importance to understanding of the river pattern formation and transformation. 相似文献
12.
Straight river is generally regarded as one of the typical river patterns in conventional classifications in terms of their channel plain landforms. However, very few straight patterns were found to be distributed in wider spatial and temporal spans in the self-adjusted fluvial rivers. Thus, the questions occur such as that is it possible for a channel takes on a stable straight pattern? What are the main factors controlling the processes of the river pattern formation and transformation from a straight to other patterns? Various theories and hypotheses including geomorphic threshold hypothesis, the extreme hypothesis on energy dissipation rate, the stability theory, etc. have been developed to explain the aforementioned questions, but none of them is sound for the explanation to the straight-river formation. From the modern fluvial plain patterns, the straight patterns are not as stable as other typical patterns which occurred in nature; from the historic records of the river sedimentation, no apparent evidence was found to support the stable straight river evolution. Based on the analysis of existing theories, observations, evolvement processes of the channel patterns in the experimental results, this paper concluded that the straight pattern should not be included as one of the typical patterns that are self-formed and developed. This study is of importance to understanding of the river pattern formation and transformation. 相似文献
13.
为研究城市化对城市河道的影响,论文选择处于粤港澳大湾区的典型高度城市化流域布吉河流域为研究区,基于1988-2015年10期Landsat系列遥感影像、2003-2017年9期Google Earth高分辨率遥感影像、2019年深圳市水系图以及1980年以来的河道整治相关文献,应用RS和GIS技术,构建城市河道演变特征... 相似文献
14.
Fluvial process and the establishment of bottomland trees 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effects of river regulation on bottomland tree communities in western North America have generated substantial concern because of the important habitat and aesthetic values of these communities. Consideration of such effects in water management decisions has been hampered by the apparent variability of responses of bottomland tree communities to flow alteration. When the relation between streamflow and tree establishment is placed in a geomorphic context, however, much of that variability is explained, and prediction of changes in the tree community is improved.The relation between streamflow and establishment of bottomland trees is conditioned by the dominant fluvial process or processes acting along a stream. For successful establishment, cottonwoods, poplars, and willows require bare, moist surfaces protected from disturbance. Channel narrowing, channel meandering, and flood deposition promote different spatial and temporal patterns of establishment. During channel narrowing, the site requirements are met on portions of the bed abandoned by the stream, and establishment is associated with a period of low flow lasting one to several years. During channel meandering, the requirements are met on point bars following moderate or higher peak flows. Following flood deposition, the requirements are met on flood deposits ;high above the channel bed. Flood deposition can occur along most streams, but where a channel is constrained by a narrow valley, this process may be the only mechanism that can produce a bare, moist surface high enough to be safe from future disturbance. Because of differences in local bedrock, tributary influence, or geologic history, two nearby reaches of the same stream may be dominated by different fluvial processes and have different spatial and temporal patterns of trees. We illustrate this phenomenon with examples from forests of plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera) along meandering and constrained reaches of the Missouri River in Montana. 相似文献
15.
水库下游再造床过程的若干问题 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
取河流动力学与地貌学的分析相结合,并辅之以模型试验作验证的途径,对水库下游河床演变中的纵向冲刷、横向变形和河型变化等问题进行了讨论,获得了苦干形式简单,但有一定实用价值的定量关系和评估方法。 相似文献
16.
在全新世时间尺度内,沉积记录主要受控于沉积物供给、输运和堆积过程等因素。对废黄河沉积记录的深入分析可以反演黄河南流夺淮过程中沉积物的“源”-“汇”关系。基于废黄河故道沉积记录中重矿物和地球化学元素特征,并结合与现代黄河沉积物的对比,揭示废黄河沉积记录中物质来源的信息。结果表明,废黄河故道沉积物中重矿物平均含量为0.19%,种类多达15余种,以稳定矿物为主,不同矿物的时空变化差异较大。废黄河故道泥质和砂质沉积物中,地球化学元素表现出明显的时空变化规律,随深度递增元素含量可分为降低、稳定和增加趋势。对比现代黄河沉积物,发现废黄河故道沉积物中稳定和极稳定矿物相对含量较高,泥质沉积物中更多地富集Zn,Ni,Al,Ba,Cu,Li,K等元素。这一差异性反映出其它不同河流物质补给而产生的影响,淮河沉积物中重矿物和地球化学元素的研究为该论断提供了佐证。 相似文献
17.
河型成因的各种理论及其间关系 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
本文较为系统地将河型成因的各种研究方法按其所依据的理论分类,并指出了各种理论之间的内在联系。文中讨论了各种研究方法所具有的优缺点、各研究方法之间的互补作用以及各种研究方法在表面处理方式不同的背后所隐藏的使河流趋向某一极值状态(或稳定状态)的共同倾向,并据此指出了进一步研究河型成因问题时的侧重面。 相似文献
18.
河流地貌系统的过程响应模型实验 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文讨论了河流地貌系统的过程响应模型的基本原理、设计步骤、模型砂料配制以及实验数据的系统分析,并给出了设计实例和某些分析成果。 相似文献
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Distance is a key variable in explicating environmental, social, and economic conditions and in defining spatial and temporal patterns. Prior research has primarily focused on using simple to complex algorithms for calculating distances along road networks. In contrast, few algorithms are available for distance calculations along fluvial networks which are often more erratic, divergent and transient than road networks. Fluvial transportation is relied upon worldwide, particularly in developing regions, where communities use river networks for transportation, access to natural resources and for trade and commerce. This paper presents a methodology developed for mapping complex fluvial networks for travel distance analysis. The methodology was applied in four major river basins in western Amazonia over some 35,000 km of river length and incorporating 919 communities as origins/destinations. A cost path and network analysis methodology was created using vector and raster datasets in a Geographic Information System (GIS) to assess interactions among communities and the distances traveled by river to reach district capitals, major urban centres and marketplaces. An accuracy assessment using distance values calculated from a previous study using a different methodological approach in the region as well as Google Earth Pro, found a high degree of concordance for distance calculations. Our methodology creates a very flexible approach for complex river systems that can be use to calculate river distances in an adaptive and efficient manner and that can be use in other regions of the world where rural communities must rely on rivers for transportation. 相似文献