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1.
为了研究地下空间结构对场地地震反应的影响，以一个三层地下商场结构为原型，设计并开展了土?地下空间结构动力相互作用振动台模型试验，研究了在6条不同卓越频率输入地震波在不同峰值加速度下场地地震反应的变化规律。试验研究结果表明：（1）地表水平加速度放大系数以结构中轴线为对称轴呈对称分布，地下结构显著影响上方及邻近场地的地表水平加速度。同时，由于地下空间结构的局部场地效应影响，即使在水平地震输入下也将导致场地产生竖向振动，地表竖直加速度放大系数呈M形分布。地下空间结构的影响范围可达到其两侧各一倍宽度距离。（2）地表加速度放大系数受输入地震波卓越频率的影响明显，且随着输入地震波的峰值加速度（PGA）的增大而降低，但空间放大系数随着PGA的增大而增大。（3）地表加速度Fourier谱的峰值频率受输入地震波的卓越频率、场地水平方向的固有频率和竖向固有频率的综合影响。 相似文献
2.
采用波函数展开法给出平面SH波入射下半空间中洞室群对地面运动影响问题的一个级数解答，并分析了入射波频率和入射角以及两洞室之间距离等参数对地面运动的影响。数值结果表明，地下洞室群对沿线地面运动具有显著的放大作用：两个洞室情况地面运动可以达到单个洞室情况的1．6倍、无洞室情况的3．5倍以上。建议地铁等地下工程在设计和规划时应考虑工程建设后对沿线设计地震动的影响。 相似文献
3.
远场大地震作用下大尺度深软场地的非线性地震效应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于ABAQUS软件自行研制的并行计算显式算法集群平台,针对苏州城区典型地层剖面,建立了大尺度深软场地的二维精细化非线性有限元分析模型,对人工地震波和大地震远场地震动作用下深软场地的非线性地震效应进行了比较研究。研究结果表明：（1）与人工地震波作用时深软场地的地表峰值加速度放大效应相比,大地震远场地震波作用时的放大效应尤为显著,由于土介质的横向不均匀性及其非线性,使不同地表的峰值加速度放大效应存在明显的变异性。（2）深软场地对周期小于0.3 s的高频地震波均具有显著的滤波效应;大地震远场地震波作用时,深软场地对周期0.85～1.65 s的长周期地震波的放大效应非常显著,但对2.5～7.0 s的长周期地震波呈现出明显的滤波效应。（3）地震动峰值加速度PGA值沿土层深度和横向的分布形态呈现出明显的高低起伏现象,在不同成因的土层更迭面附近及土介质横向不均匀性显著的区域,地震波的局部聚焦放大和过滤减小现象尤为明显,且大地震远场地震动作用时,20 m以浅土层的PGA值呈现出非常显著的放大效应。（4）地震波的频谱特性、土层的横向不均匀性对深软场地地表加速度反应谱? 谱的谱形有显著影响;给出了描述加速度反应谱沿土层深度变化特征的三维谱形曲线,可以直观地展示出深软场地中细长地下结构地震反应可能存在类共振现象的土层深度。 相似文献
4.
当前地下工程地震稳定性分析中对地震响应规律研究较多,而对分析中地震动输入机制研究则明显不足。本文针对这一现状,对大型地下洞室群地震响应分析中的地震动输入机制进行了一定的讨论。首先提出将分析中所涉及的地震动分为指定的实测强震记录、优选的实测强震记录、人工地震波3类,分别讨论了每种地震动的选取方法,形成了一套实用性较强的选取流程。随后提出了对设计地震动基准面(点)的建议,并研究了基于基准面(点)的人工边界输入地震动量值的确定方法,形成了适用于高山峡谷地形下大型地下洞室群地震动输入方法。将上述地震波的合理选取方法和高山峡谷地形下大型地下洞室群地震动的输入方法相组合,最终形成了一套可操作性较强的高山峡谷地形下大型地下洞室群地震动的输入机制。最后以白鹤滩水电工程地下洞室群为工程实例,对本文提出的地震动合理选取方法和高山峡谷地形下大型地下洞室群地震动的输入方法进行了工程应用,表明本文的方法为工程抗震设防分析提供了优质的地震输入参数。 相似文献
5.
Davor Stanko Snježana Markušić Stjepan Strelec Mario Gazdek 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(18):642
This paper presents a major extension of seismic vulnerability research project on the site of Trako??an Castle based on the initial horizontal-to-vertical-spectral-ratio (HVSR) results from Stanko et al. (2016). The estimated HVSR site frequencies and HV amplification at Trako??an Castle can only be used as an indication of the initial soil site frequency and amplification, so-called natural soil model, corresponding to the subsoil profile without the influence of an earthquake. The equivalent-linear (EQL) site response analysis has been carried out for different earthquake scenarios for a maximum input rock peak ground acceleration (PGAROCK) that corresponds to return periods of 95 (0.08 g), 475 (0.18 g) and 1000 years (0.31 g). The aim of the research is to evaluate structural seismic design responses and to determine type and degree of damage caused by local site effect, which is the result of an alluvial basin and topographic influences. The main objective of this research is the formation of local microseismic zones based on an EQL analysis: surface spectral acceleration and amplification maps at the predominant frequency. Based on the HVSR frequency response of the core structure of Trako??an Castle and the Tower itself (fundamental and higher frequency modes), maps of surface spectral acceleration and soil amplification at different frequencies (3, 5 and 10 Hz) are developed for different input PGAROCK levels (0.08, 0.18 and 0.31 g) to evaluate seismic response of the Castle. Observed amplifications are correlated with ground motion polarization and directionality of the ground motion from the alluvial basin to the hilltop. Shortening of predominant frequencies (lengthening of the period), particularly in the alluvial basin, has been observed with higher input PGAROCK in the EQL analysis. This effect is not manifested in the Trako??an hill, and predominant frequencies match HVSR frequencies. The use of certain geophysical survey methods at historical sites is a big problem, because terrain features (e.g. steep hills, mountains, ridges, slopes, cliffs) create lack of space and make it impossible to carry out geophysical investigation. Microtremor measurements at historical sites can overcome this limitation and provide local seismic response and vulnerability behaviour of historical monuments without destroying their authenticity. Also, computational modelling can greatly improve the results. The EQL site response analysis on the site of Trako??an Castle has confirmed and improved the results of seismic response and vulnerability based on HVSR method. 相似文献
6.
V. S. Phanikanth Deepankar Choudhury G. Rami Reddy 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2011,29(6):1109-1126
Any earthquake event is associated with a rupture mechanism at the source, propagation of seismic waves through underlying
rock and finally these waves travel through the soil layers to the particular site of interest. The bedrock motion is significantly
modified at the ground surface due to the presence of local soil layers above the bedrock beneath the site of interest. The
estimation of the amplifications in ground response due to the local soil sites is a complex problem to the designers and
the problem is more important for mega cities like Mumbai in India, where huge population may get affected due to devastations
of earthquake. In the present study, the effect of local soil sites in modifying ground response is studied by performing
one dimensional equivalent-linear ground response analysis for some of the typical Mumbai soil sites. Field borelog data of
some typical sites in Mumbai city viz. Mangalwadi site, Walkeswar site, BJ Marg near Pandhari Chawl site are considered in
this study. The ground responses are observed for range of input motions and the results are presented in terms of surface
acceleration time history, ratio of shear stress to vertical effective stress versus time, acceleration response spectrum,
Fourier amplitude ratio versus frequency etc. The typical amplifications of ground accelerations considering four strong ground
motions with wide variation of low to high MHA, frequency contents and durations are obtained. Results show that MHA, bracketed
duration, frequency content have significant effects on the amplification of seismic accelerations for typical 2001 Bhuj motion.
The peak ground acceleration amplification factors are found to be about 2.50 for Mangalwadi site, 2.60 for Walkeswar site
and 3.45 for BJ Marg site using 2001 Bhuj input motion. The response spectrum along various soil layers are obtained which
will be useful for designers for earthquake resistant design of geotechnical structures in Mumbai for similar sites in the
absence of site specific data. 相似文献
7.
Mohsen Kamalian Abdollah Sohrabi-Bidar Arash Razmkhah Amirata Taghavi Iraj Rahmani 《Journal of Earth System Science》2008,117(2):783
This paper presents the results of an extensive numerical parametric study on seismic behavior of 2D homogenous hills subjected to vertically propagating incident SV waves. It is shown that the amplification potential of these hills is strongly influenced by the wavelength, by the shape ratio, by the shape of the hill and in a less order of importance, by the Poisson ratio of the media. The 2D topography effect could be ignored, only if the hill has a shape ratio of less than 0.1 or if it is subjected to incident waves with predominant dimensionless periods of greater than 13 times the shape ratio. In incidence of waves with wavelengths longer than the width of the hill, the amplification curve usually finds its maximum at the crest and decreases towards the base of the hill. Else, some de-amplification zones would occur along the hill. Among hills with similar shape ratios, those with intermediate cross section areas show intermediate seismic behavior, too. Estimated seismic site coefficients for the crest of a 2D rocky hill depend on its shape ratio and could reach even 1.7, which encourages one to classify it according to standard site categorization procedures as soil profile types SC or SD instead of the conventional SB type. 相似文献
8.
Two-dimensional site effects caused by cavities under topographical functions can considerably impact the seismic reaction of the ground surface. Due to the complexity of scattering issues by topographical features above subterranean cavity, few studies have been done in this field. In the present study, the seismic response of semi-sine-shaped canyons above a subterranean cavity (hole) of different dimensions, depths and locations is examined. The medium is assumed to have a linear elastic constitutive behavior exposed to vertically propagating incident SV and P waves. All calculations are performed using the direct boundary element technique in the time domain. It is observed that a cavity below a canyon can considerably change the ground response of the surface in different periodic bands. The seismic interaction between canyon and cavity with respect to various geometrical parameters will lead to different amplification patterns in the center and edge of the canyon. One of the most important results is the increase in amplification of long periods compared with the case of a canyon without cavity. Moreover, parametric research shows the fact that the cavity detail and canyon height, the ratio of cavity to the canyon size and cavity location impact on the seismic amplification of the canyon surface. Finally, spectral amplification coefficients of the canyon surface led by the cavity are reported for different cases of the canyon–cavity interaction. 相似文献
9.
高山峡谷复杂地形是我国西部地区常见的地形和场地条件,大量的工程(桥梁、大坝等)修建在这类场地上。实际震害调查结果表明不规则地形对地震动具有明显的放大作用,对边坡的稳定性和建筑物的安全性构成不利的影响。因此研究高山峡谷复杂地形的地震动放大效应具有重要的工程价值。本文针对浅切割的高山峡谷复杂地形(山体顶和峡谷底的高差在100~500 m范围内),基于边界积分方程法获得场地任意点的地震动,详细探讨了入射波类型(P波和SV波)、入射波频率、入射角、山体和峡谷的几何参数对浅切割的高山峡谷复杂地形的地震动放大效应的影响,发现山体的存在明显改变场地地震动的空间分布;高山峡谷复杂地形对地表地震动的放大作用与入射波频率密切相关;不同的地震波类型对应不同的地震动空间分布模式;峡谷深度对地震动放大效应的影响取决于入射波的类型;不对称的几何形状导致地震动的空间分布也呈现明显的不对称,并且SV波入射时的不对称性强于P波;当地震波斜入射时,峡谷背向震源侧的地震动远大于面向震源侧的地震动。本文的研究方法可以获得考虑高山峡谷复杂地形地震动放大效应的场地任意位置的地震动,为边坡的稳定性分析提供更符合实际的地震输入。 相似文献
10.
Paola Sbarra Valerio De Rubeis Emiliano Di Luzio Marco Mancini Massimiliano Moscatelli Francesco Stigliano Patrizia Tosi Roberto Vallone 《Natural Hazards》2012,62(2):425-443
A detailed analysis of the earthquake effects on the urban area of Rome has been conducted for the L??Aquila sequence, which occurred in April 2009, by using an online macroseismic questionnaire. Intensity residuals calculated using the mainshock and four aftershocks are analyzed in light of a very accurate and original geological reconstruction of the subsoil of Rome based on a large amount of wells. The aim of this work is to highlight ground motion amplification areas and to find a correlation with the geological settings at a subregional scale, putting in evidence the extreme complexity of the phenomenon and the difficulty of making a simplified model. Correlations between amplification areas and both near-surface and deep geology were found. Moreover, the detailed scale of investigation has permitted us to find a correlation between seismic amplification in recent alluvial settings and subsiding zones, and between heard seismic sound and Tiber alluvial sediments. 相似文献
11.
In the case of the dynamic analysis of the structures using the recorded earthquake ground motions, it is usually assumed that the ground motion consists of body waves propagating vertically. However, the response of a long and narrow structure may be influenced by the oblique propagation of body waves and the dispersion of surface waves. In this paper, the effects of the seismic wave propagation on the response of this kind of structure are investigated. The characteristics of the wave propagation were verified using the recorded motions and soil information at the building site. The ground motion at every input point of the building was evaluated using the difference of arrival time of seismic waves calculated by assuming the velocity and the direction of the wave propagation. Using these ground motions, response analyses of the lumped mass model for the structure were performed. By considering the characteristics of the seismic wave propagation, the average response decreased but the local response increased around the end of the roof. Further studies of the structure were also performed in order to restrain the response around the end of the roof. 相似文献
12.
Dynamic analysis of ground with rigorous use of strain dependency and its application to seismic microzonation of alluvial plane 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Seismic microzonation is one of the most important measures to mitigate earthquake hazards in urban areas. Because the ground motion varies significantly with the subsurface geology, it is needed for microzonation to account as much as possible for the local soil conditions. Noteworthy is that nonlinear deformation properties of soil play essential roles in amplification of strong ground motion. It is desired furthermore to focus on the expected damage extent in addition to the calculated maximum acceleration and/or velocity. The present study first developed a computer code for one-dimensional response analysis of ground that reasonably takes into account nonlinear dynamic soil properties. Second, correlations between the calculated ground motion and damage extent were obtained by examining seismic damages during the past earthquakes. By combining these two issues, seismic microzonation was carried out, and detailed damage distribution was assessed. The product of this study covers not only the damage caused by ground shaking but also liquefaction problem and lifeline damage. 相似文献
13.
针对基岩明显起伏、土层非均匀分布的典型河口盆地场地,考虑土体非线性特征,采用黏弹性人工边界模拟无限域对地震波动的影响,建立大尺度精细化二维有限元模型,分析了盆地地表地震动幅值、频谱、持时、传递函数特征,探讨了基岩起伏土层的地震动聚集效应及盆地边缘效应。结果表明：（1）盆地近地表土层表现出不同程度的地震动放大效应,且随土层深度增加呈非单调递减特征,基岩突变处地震动聚集效应明显,盆地两侧产生较为显著的边缘效应;场地中、长周期地震动的放大作用显著;（2）多遇地震、偶遇地震和罕遇地震水平时,场地卓越周期依次介于0.35～0.65 s、0.40～0.75 s和0.50～1.05 s之间;给出了盆地地表PGA（地表峰值加速度）、卓越周期均值等值线图及地表加速度反应谱放大因子建议值,地表设计地震动参数amax（地震影响系数）与Tg（特征周期）明显大于现行《建筑抗震设计规范》取值;（3）盆地特殊位置地表地震动持时得到不同幅度增长,且与输入地震动特性相关;（4）该盆地对0.5～2.0 Hz频段基岩地震动的放大效应比较显著,对小于0.2 Hz或大于2.5 Hz的基岩地震动,该盆地地震动放大效应不明显;（5）福州城区及其邻近区域地震动放大效应普遍较大。大尺度二维非线性分析一定程度上能合理反映微地形起伏、土层分布及土体非线性对地震波传播过程的影响。 相似文献
14.
关于地铁地震响应的模型振动试验及数值分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
为明确大地震时地铁的破坏过程及原因,以1995 年日本阪神－淡路大地震中遭受严重破坏的神户大开地铁车站为对象,进行了一系列的模型振动试验和动力有限元分析。对于作用于地下结构的地震动土压的发生原理、地震波输入方向、结构的埋设深度、地基与结构间的刚性比对地震动土压的影响及在地基-结构系统的非线性响应下结构周围地基终局状态时的地震动土压进行了研究。明确了地震动土压的极限值及在大地震时周围地基的残余应变引起的静止土圧力的存在。为今后改进地震土压力计算方法、提高地下结构抗震设计水平提供了依据。 相似文献
15.
The assessment of local site effects on seismic ground motions is of great importance in earthquake engineering practice.
Several destructive earthquakes in the past have demonstrated that the amplification of ground motion and associated damage
to structures due to local site conditions is a significant consideration in earthquake hazard analysis. A recent paper published
in this journal highlights the hazard posed by earthquakes in the megacity of Kolkata in India due to its seismic and geological
settings. The seismic hazard assessment study speculates that the deep alluvial deposit in the city may increase the seismic
hazard probably due to the amplification of the seismic energies. This paper focuses on the seismic response studies of the
various soil strata (i.e. for local subsurface conditions) obtained from various construction sites in the city for predicted
earthquake. It is very well recognized that site response studies (a part of seismic microhazard zonation for urban areas)
are the first step towards performance-based foundation design or seismic risk analysis and mitigation strategy. One of the
problems for carrying out site-specific study in Kolkata is the lack of recorded strong motion data in the city. Hence, this
paper outlines a methodology to carry out site-specific study, where no strong motion data or seismic data are available.
The methodology uses wavelet-based spectrum compatibility approach to generate synthetic earthquake motions and equivalent
linear method for seismic site response analysis. The Mega City of Kolkata has been considered to explain the methodology.
Seismic hazard zonation map by the Bureau of Indian Standards classifies the City of Kolkata as moderate seismic zone (Zone
III) with a zone factor 0.16. On the other hand, GSHAP(Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program) map which is based on 10%
probability of exceedance in 50 years specifies a maximum peak ground acceleration (PGA) of 1.6 m/s2 (0.163 g) for this region. In the present study, the seismic response has been carried out based on GSHAP. The results of
the analysis indicate the amplification of ground motion in the range of 4.46–4.82 with the fundamental period ranging from
0.81 to 1.17 s. Furthermore, the maximum spectral accelerations vary in the range of 0.78–0.95 g. 相似文献
16.
为研究近断层脉冲地震动中竖向加速度对砂土场地液化的影响,基于有限元平台OpenSees开发的边界面塑性本构模型,建立了动单剪单元试验模型和饱和砂土三维有限元模型。选取台湾Chi-Chi地震中10条具有速度脉冲特性的地震波,对比分析了水平双向脉冲波与三向脉冲波作用下土柱竖向位移、循环应力比、孔压比及等效循环周数的差异性,继而明确了脉冲地震动中竖向加速度对砂土液化的影响规律。研究表明,三向脉冲地震波中竖向加速度分量对场地永久位移值影响较小,但使永久位移的发展持时明显增大;土柱循环应力比受竖向地震动影响较小,因此分析脉冲地震动对场地剪切特性的影响时,可将三向脉冲地震动简化为水平双向地震动;考虑竖向地震动的三向脉冲地震波引起的孔压比变化幅度较大,孔压消散时间较长;三向脉冲地震波对应的等效循环周数较大,地震动发展持时长,可认为竖向加速度对场地液化有促进作用。 相似文献
17.
利用波函数展开法,给出了地下圆形衬砌隧道对入射平面P波和SV波散射问题的一个级数解答,当衬砌与半空间介质相同时,该解答退化为文献中的无衬砌隧道的解答。级数解答为进一步定量研究隧道对入射平面P波和SV波的放大作用以及入射波长、入射角度、隧道直径和衬砌刚度等参数对隧道沿线地震动的影响奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
18.
地下圆形衬砌隧道对沿线地震动的影响(Ⅰ):级数解 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：8
利用波函数展开法，给出了地下圆形衬砌隧道对入射平面P波和SV波散射问题的一个级数解答，当衬砌与半空间介质相同时，该解答退化为文献中的无衬砌隧道的解答。级数解答为进一步定量研究隧道对入射平面P波和SV波的放大作用以及入射波长、入射角度、隧道直径和衬砌刚度等参数对隧道沿线地震动的影响奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
19.
为研究地裂缝场地地表动力响应规律,以西安f4地裂缝场地为工程背景,采用剪切型模型箱,进行振动台模型试验。分析了地裂缝场地在地震作用下的破坏特征和动力响应,得到了地表地震动参数变化规律。试验结果表明：地震作用下,地裂缝场地的主裂缝在地表开裂、扩展,并在裂缝区产生与其45°相交的次生裂缝,次生裂缝的数量随着地震强度增大而增多;地表地震动参数峰值均表现出上、下盘效应,均在上盘裂缝处最大,逐渐向两侧递减;随着输入地震强度增大,地表加速度及Arias强度放大系数逐渐减小;上盘加速度变化频率较快,且上、下盘两侧加速度峰值存在相位差,但两侧位移及速度时程波形基本一致。该研究成果可为跨地裂缝结构抗震设计提供重要参考。 相似文献
20.
多地貌单元复合场地非线性地震效应特征二维分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对由河漫滩、阶地、波状起伏的丘陵地带和残丘等组成的典型复合地形场地,基于ABAQUS软件的显式有限元并行计算集群平台,考虑土体的非线性特征,采用黏弹性人工边界模拟切除的无限域对地震波动的影响,建立了大尺度复合地形真实场地的二维有限元模型,并将基岩地震动视为SH波,分析了不同地貌单元复合场地地震效应特征。结果表明：地形差异引起地表各测点峰值加速度(PGA)及峰值位移(PGD)不同;在相同地震波入射下,河漫滩区地表PGA大于Ⅰ级阶地区域,但其PGD明显小于Ⅰ级阶地区域,且河漫滩区的峰值位移差动较小;场地地表水平加速度反应谱呈双峰及多峰现象,加速度在0.4～1.2 Hz频段放大较多,且加速度反应谱特性与输入地震动相关;特定频段（0.5～1.75 Hz）地震动放大效应与聚集效应比较明显,频率小于0.2 Hz及大于2 Hz时,场地地震动放大特征不显著。低丘区的敏感频率段宽于河漫滩区;观测点的位置影响相应的水平加速度持时大小,局部地形变化将引起地震动持时差异,且持时和输入地震动特性相关。 相似文献