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一体化地图制图信息系统的建立及其应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
由于新技术的发展和应用,地图制图信息系统提出了新的概念,地图生产和应用观念都发生了根本变化,地图学家在新时期下面临着新的机遇和挑战。为了促进我国地图学的发展,中科院地理所引进了美国INTERGRAPH系统,同时又开发了自己的电子地图创作系统EA-World,并研制了两系统之间的接口,使两系统结合成为一体化的地图制图信息系统。系统先后完成了多个国家级图集的印刷版和电子版的制作,取得了良好的效果。文中系统地介绍和总结了这一系统的构成、功能和特点及其工艺流程。 相似文献
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电子地图的空间认知研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
电子地图的空间认知研究是地图空间认知理论的重要研究内容。本文首先介绍了电子地图的概念与特点,分析了电子地图空间认知研究的必要性。在此基础上,探讨了电子地图空间认知研究的特点及主要内容。认为电子地图的空间认知研究具有内容更广泛、形式更复杂、实验难度更大等特点,电子地图空间认知的核心内容是从不同的电子地图上建立心象地图的过程及不同空间认知能力的用户在使用电子地图时的思维过程、认知策略的研究。 相似文献
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本文阐述了国家地图集的重要性和中国国家地图集的编制历程,重点论述了中国国家地图集编制的特点与创新:①中国自然、人口、经济、社会与历史信息的完整汇编;②中国地学、生物学、环境科学、经济学与历史学研究成果的系统概括与总结;③国家地图集编制贯彻了"可持续发展战略”,突出了人与自然的关系;④国家地图集编制实现了由传统工艺向全数字化、自动化的根本变革,电子地图集与互联网地图形式更满足了信息社会的需求.中国国家地图集的完成,不仅具有重大的科学意义、应用价值与社会效益,而且全面推动当代中国地图学的发展.中国国家地图集这项20世纪中国科技界的重大创新成果,这部凝聚着中国两三代科学家与地图学专家智慧的地图集巨著,不仅在中国史无前例,而且在世界上也实属罕见.中国国家地图集代表当今中国地图学发展的最高水平,在国际上产生了很大影响,在各国国家地图中占有重要地位.中国国家地图集的完成对中国地图学的发展做出了历史性的巨大贡献,不愧为中国现代地图学发展的里程碑. 相似文献
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中国现代地图学发展的里程碑——中国国家地图集的特点与创新 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文阐述了国家地图集的重要性和中国国家地图集的编制历程，重点论述了中国国家地图集编制的特点与创新：①中国自然、人口、经济、社会与历史信息的完整汇编；②中国地学、生物学、环境科学、经济学与历史学研究成果的系统概括与总结；③国家地图集编制贯彻了“可持续发展战略”，突出了人与自然的关系；④国家地图集编制实现了由传统工艺向全数字化、自动化的根本变革，电子地图集与互联网地图形式更满足了信息社会的需求。中国国际地图集的完成，不仅具有重大的科学意义、应用价值与社会效益，而且全面推动当代中国地图学的发展。中国国家地图集这项20世纪中国科技界的重大创新成果，这部凝聚着中国两三代科学家与地图学专家智慧的地图集巨著，不仅在中国史无前例，而且在世界上也实属罕见。中国国家地图集代表当今中国地图学发展的最高水平，在国际上产生了很大影响，在各国国家地图中占有重要地位。中国国家地图集的完成对中国地图学的发展做出了历史性的巨大贡献，不愧为中国地图学发展的里程碑。 相似文献
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试论地图学发展与技术创新 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
概念了技术创新的内涵以及我国20多年来地图学发展中的技术创新，根据制图实践及典型范例，总结了制图工艺创新及地图产品创新的优势，认为加强地图学与“GIS，RS，GPS”技术的集成和应用研究，网络地图发布与浏览技术研究，是今后地图学技术创新的重要方向。 相似文献
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支持地图自适应可视化的用户模型设计及试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对网络电子地图的自适应可视化机制进行了研究,建立了自适应地图可视化系统的自适应用户模型、自适应的数据组织和自适应结构.试验系统主要根据"用图目的"对用户进行划分,建立用户模型;利用地图瓦片技术和背景与热点集成技术,实现了地图瓦片的自适应数据组织以及用户模型支持下的地图自适应可视化等基本功能. 相似文献
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移动地图的自适应模型研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
作为一种新的电子地图应用模式,移动地图的制图模型和应用模式都不同于其他类型的地图。在分析移动地图特点的基础上给出移动地图自适应要素的数据模型与组件结构,将自适应要素划分为时空要素、操作要素、技术要素、信息要素、用户要素以及使用环境要素等。移动地图自适应模型的研究可以指导移动地图的设计,实现其服务的个性化和智能化。 相似文献
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面向对象的电子地图创作模型—国家经济地图集（电子版）软件设计研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
本文系统地描述了电子地图创作系统ＭａｐＭａｇｉｃ的设计思想和实现技术。文章根据电子地图的新特点，运用面向对象的方法技术提出了电子地图的概念模型，并给出了其计算机形式化表示－电子地图模型。在此基础上，研究地图创作的任务，建立起面向对象的电子地图创作模型，并详细讨论了该创作模型的体系结构、组成要素及其实现机制。按照上述思想设计的ＭａｐＭａｇｉｃ软件系统应用到《中华人民共和国国家经济地图集》（电子版）开 相似文献
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中国电子地图发展中的可视化问题 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1IntroductionSpatial data can be visualized and explored in various ways. Developments in hardware and software have led to and will surely continue to stimulate novel methods for visualizing spatial data and creation of electronic atlas information syste… 相似文献
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In this paper, we discuss the development of electronic atlas in China, with focus on the issues of visualization. We particularly categorise this development into four periods, and then analyse the characters in each period and discuss the visualization issues. The four periods are highlighted: 1) Infant period (<1990) characterized as computer assisted mapping with products of screen maps; 2) Starting period (1991-1995) characterized as object-oriented mapping with products of interactive maps/atlases; 3) Advancing period (1996-2000) characterized as integrated mapping with products of multimedia cartographic maps; 4) New era (> 2001) characterized as web mapping and adaptive map design with products of Internet maps and atlas as well as adaptive maps. It is obvious that the development follows the logical way from static to dynamic, and even real time visualization, from single user to multiple users, from presentation to exploration for effective communication and knowledge construction. Current research and development projects are focused on customisation of atlas information systems for real-time tasks, Internet operability, small displays and mobile environments. The major challenges involved in each of such customisation processes are identified and commented in relation to the further development of visualization. 相似文献
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This paper outlines recent developments in computer mapping and points out its importance for visualizing contents of geographic information systems. The authors present an integrated system of mapping packages and spatial-data files. Map examoles generated with this system are used to illustrate characteristics of various computer-mapping methods. The diversity of displays created from a single set of data demonstrates that mapping from automated display systems requires the user to take some decisions which have to be based on an understanding of the phenomena displayed, of cartographic communication, and of technical aspects of automated map processing. 相似文献
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Sketch mapping has been an important data collection technique for geographers since the 1960s. Structured sketch mapping requires participants to draw spatial data onto a base map containing cartographic information, in order to assist with spatial referencing. A concern that base map characteristics may influence sketch map content has been raised repeatedly in the research literature. However little scholarly attention has been paid to systematically testing the effect of base maps.This paper aims to test the effects of base map size and imagery on structured sketch maps of avoidance behaviour in university students. Using an experimental design, 272 sketch maps were compared for differences in: sketch map style; the location of collective avoidance hotspots; the extent of the reported area avoided; the number of reported areas avoided; the intensity of avoidance; and the tortuosity of sketch map features.No significant differences were found between base maps in sketch map style or the size, intensity or number of areas avoided. Provision of larger base maps caused respondents to draw more detailed sketch maps. Collective avoidance hotspots shifted location slightly between base maps, probably due to difficulties interpreting aerial photographs.Sketch map content appears to be remarkably robust to changes in base map. Base maps appear to assist respondents with spatial referencing rather than cueing respondents to report specific features. 相似文献
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ROBERT WEIBEL BARBARA P. BUTTENFIELD 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(3):223-245
Abstract Current geographical information systems (GIS) include functions to create cartographic output interactively or automatically. However, none of the systems presently incorporates mechanisms to ensure correct application of graphic functions. Many of today's users of GIS are not trained in the design and production of graphics and may create maps that confuse or mislead map users. Poorly-designed maps may obliterate the patterns in displayed information. This article investigates ways to improve the quality of GIS graphical displays and increase their effectiveness for decision-making. Alternatives are presented for improving map design in GIS, ranging from non-technical efforts to enhancement of software functionality. Suggestions propose augmenting users' abilities to create maps in an automated environment, using an approach termed amplified intelligence: key decisions default explicitly to users, whose knowledge is amplified by a range of high-level tools to carry out map design operations automatically. 相似文献
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N. J. Lim S. A. Brandt S. Seipel 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(2):240-262
This study evaluates how users incorporate visualisation of flood uncertainty information in decision-making. An experiment was conducted where participants were given the task to decide building locations, taking into account homeowners’ preferences as well as dilemmas imposed by flood risks at the site. Two general types of visualisations for presenting uncertainties from ensemble modelling were evaluated: (1) uncertainty maps, which used aggregated ensemble results; and (2) performance bars showing all individual simulation outputs from the ensemble. Both were supplemented with either two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) contextual information, to give an overview of the area.
The results showed that the type of uncertainty visualisation was highly influential on users’ decisions, whereas the representation of the contextual information (2D or 3D) was not. Visualisation with performance bars was more intuitive and effective for the task performed than the uncertainty map. It clearly affected users’ decisions in avoiding certain-to-be-flooded areas. Patterns to which the distances were decided from the homeowners’ preferred positions and the uncertainties were similar, when the 2D and 3D map models were used side by side with the uncertainty map. On the other hand, contextual information affected the time to solve the task. With the 3D map, it took the participants longer time to decide the locations, compared with the other combinations using the 2D model.
Designing the visualisation so as to provide more detailed information made respondents avoid dangerous decisions. This has also led to less variation in their overall responses. 相似文献
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Peter van Oosterom Martijn Meijers 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(3):455-478
This paper introduces the concept of the smooth topological Generalized Area Partitioning (tGAP) structure represented by a space-scale partition, which we term the space-scale cube. We take the view of ‘map generalization as extrusion of data into an additional dimension’. For 2D objects the resulting vario-scale representation is a 3D structure, while for 3D objects the result is a 4D structure.
This paper provides insights in: (1) creating valid data for the cube and proof that this is always possible for the implemented 2D tGAP generalization operators (line simplification, merge and split/collapse), (2) obtaining a valid 2D polygonal map representation at arbitrary scale from the cube, (3) using the vario-scale structure to provide smooth zoom and progressive transfer between server and client, (4) exploring which other possibilities the cube brings for obtaining maps having non-homogenous scales over their domain (which we term mixed-scale maps), and (5) using the same principles also for higher dimensional data; illustrated with 3D input data represented in a 4D hypercube.
The proposed new structure has very significant advantages over existing multi-scale/multi-representation solutions (in addition to being truly vario-scale): (1) due to tight integration of space and scale, there is guaranteed consistency between scales, (2) it is relatively easy to implement smooth zoom, and (3) compact, object-oriented encoding is provided for a complete scale range. 相似文献
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Jamie Peck 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):580-582
While linguistic diversity is an integral component of cultural landscapes, the spatial depiction of languages fails to represent all community members. Language is difficult to map and established guidelines are lacking. The perception of power conveyed is arguably the most meaningful design issue in language mapping, as most language maps inaccurately show one language per place. This research examines the cartographic visualization of linguistic diversity, contributing to our understanding of the perception of power through cartographic decisions, with the application of a linguistic diversity index. The resulting maps serve as new figures for linguistic diversity lessons in educational contexts. 相似文献
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ROBERT R. CHURCHILL 《Geographical review》2004,94(1):1-22
ABSTRACT. City maps are among the oldest and most popular forms of cartographic representation, yet urban cartography has received only limited scholarly attention. A review of the early history of city mapping suggests a progression of representational forms from profile to perspective to plan, a progression that parallels urban growth. The history of urban mapping reflects a desire to comprehend the geography of the city for reasons of curiosity and practical necessity, but the map also may become an icon that engenders a sense of pride and belonging, if not allegiance and control. An examination of Chicago maps indicates that, in addition to evolution in representational styles, the subjects of maps change to serve demands of the moment. City maps not only constitute a rich historical archive but also are dynamic agents in urban development. The urban landscape is shaped by cartographic vision. 相似文献
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《The Journal of geography》2012,111(5):11-23
Abstract The various advantages and limitations of geographical mapping known to map users can be functionally related to the few basic principles which constitute the very nature of the cartographic technique. Numerous map interpretation errors may be traced in large part to a common failure on the part of map users to grasp and effectively deal with these same mapping principles. Since it is possible to identify situations in environmental decision making and planning where the misuse of maps, or outright map reading abuses, could lead to adverse human and environmental impact, the problem is indeed serious. Strategies for minimizing the misuse or abuse of geographical maps appear to rely most heavily on a thorough understanding of basic mapping principles. 相似文献