共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
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讨论了如何应用数值积分方法求解含水层中地下水非稳定流抽水试验的解析模型以获得含水层的水文地质参数,并以Theis公式为例讨论求解原理。引入了MatLab的数值积分工具和优化工具,轻松实现了对水文地质参数的求解,此举既保证了解的可靠性和唯一性,也大大提高了方法的可操作性。最后以一个具体的承压水非稳定流抽水试验为例验证了这个方法,所得的结果与应用配线法得到的结果基本一致,从而肯定了方法的应用价值。研究结果尽管是针对Theis模型进行的,但求解原理同样适用于其他各种模型。 相似文献
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Theis模型、Dupuit模型等经典井流模型分析非均质含水层井流试验数据有一定的局限性,获取的参数不适合表征非均质含水层特性。而GRF模型可以获取含水层流动特性的数据。相比于Theis模型、Dupuit模型,GRF模型更能表征非均质含水层特性。以黄石东湖新村棋盘洲长江大桥的抽水试验数据为例,采用Theis模型和GRF模型计算含水层渗透系数,结合实际水文地质条件,对比分析不同方法计算的水文地质参数,并计算含水层水流维数和表观压力传导系数（Kf /Ssf）。结果表明:研究区含水层为细砂夹条带状黏土透镜体的非均质含水层,采用GRF模型计算结果更符合实际情况,渗透系数为 4.09×10?3cm/s;含水层水流维数为1.61,地下水为双线性流动状态,含水层对抽水试验的响应主要受黏土条带控制;观测井和抽水主井的Kf /Ssf呈非线性相关,进一步验证了含水层的非均质性。在非均质孔隙含水层中,应用多孔联合非稳定GRF井流试验方法不仅能确定水文地质参数,并且能丰富对含水层特性的认知。 相似文献
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传统承压含水层井流理论都假定承压水层顶面总应力不变，其隐含的意义是忽略含水层顶板的刚度，从而忽略了顶板弯曲对含水层释水的影响。指出考虑顶板弯曲时，抽水井周围承压含水层顶部的总应力将减小，从而产生比传统理论估计更大的地下水降深，并结合弹性板理论对Theis井流模型作出了改进，新模型的解析解证明Theis模型计算的地下水龙头降深偏低。 相似文献
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通过分析抽水试验过程中井损产生的原因及确定方法,运用水位动态变化过程中的井损计算方法,对乌兰陶勒盖水源地WL6号孔的抽水试验资料的井损计算程序进行了说明,并提出了该水源地理想降深与实际降深的经验公式。利用Aqui Test软件,分别计算了忽略井损和考虑井损两种情况下潜水(承压水)抽水井渗透系数及给水度(贮水率),从计算结果来看,计算井损、修正降深所得的各参数的值要比不考虑井损的值大;井损对潜水的抽水试验资料的影响要比承压水的大。 相似文献
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为了解决传统的Theis配线法在求参过程中无法利用全部抽水试验数据、手动配线效率较低、求参过程受人为主观因素影响较大等问题,利用抽水试验数据,以Theis公式和叠加原理为理论基础,以理论计算降深与实测降深的Nach-Sutcliffe效率系数值达到最大为目标函数,基于Matlab软件编程,再利用遍历搜索算法对导水系数（T）、贮水系数（S）在其对应范围内进行遍历,实现了水文地质参数的自动精确求解。将遍历搜索算法应用于2个抽水试验实例的水文地质参数求解,并与传统求参方法的计算结果进行比较分析。结果表明：利用遍历搜索算法求参的计算结果与传统求参方法的计算结果相近,表明利用遍历搜索算法求解水文地质参数有效可靠;2个抽水实例利用遍历搜索算法得到的参数对应的理论计算降深与实测降深的Nach-Sutcliffe效率系数值分别为0.996 5、0.970 8,且相比传统的求参方法而言更接近1.000 0,说明其拟合程度更好。 相似文献
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渗流井取水方式地下水允许开采量计算 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
文章在分析渗流井井流特征的基础上,通过引入等效渗透系数,构建渗流井取水的"渗流—管流"耦合模型,建立了渗流井取水的数学模型,提出了渗流井取水计算模型。以陕西省悖牛川水源地为例,通过水文地质条件的分析,提出悖牛川陕西段河谷区地下水渗流井的开采方式。结合具体的水文地质结构及有关参数,采用地下水流三维有限差分法计算了各渗流井的出水量及其组成。在考虑河流持续断流45d的情况下,计算了断流条件下渗流井出水量的衰减过程,在此基础上,确定了悖牛川陕西段河谷区地下水渗流井开采方式新增允许开采量。 相似文献
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为能同时分析含水层具有直线隔水边界条件下,抽水试验中抽水―恢复阶段降深数据,提出了一种新的数据分析方法。在建立这种方法时,将表示抽水和恢复阶段水头降深表达式中Theis井函数的级数表达式的前3项作为其近似表达式,经过推导,分别得到抽水和恢复2个阶段的直线方程。2个直线方程的因变量和自变量均为观测数据的函数,而直线常数为待求参数的函数,在进行数据分析时,只要将试验观测数据分别转化为直线方程的因变量和自变量数据,就能够利用一元线性回归法分别计算2个直线方程的常数,而利用直线常数的表达式,能够推导得到计算含水层参数和映射井到观测孔间距离的公式。通过算例说明了方法的具体应用步骤。 相似文献
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近年来,地质钻探在钻探装备和技术领域取得了长足发展,但在钻进过程事故预警方面的研究仍较欠缺。为保证钻进过程安全高效,降低事故造成的损失,本文提出了一种钻进过程井漏、井涌事故预警方法。首先,通过事故特性分析,选取表征事故特性的钻进参数。其次,考虑事故发生时钻进参数变化的不确定性,基于贝叶斯网络建立井漏、井涌事故预警模型。再者,为从含噪声的实际钻进数据中有效提取钻进参数的变化趋势,综合利用归一化、滑动平均和最小二乘线性拟合方法进行节点状态判断。最后,利用实际钻进数据对井漏、井涌事故预警模型的有效性进行验证,并对不同趋势判断界限和滑动窗口对报警性能的影响进行探讨。实验结果表明,该预警模型可对井漏、井涌事故进行有效预警,并且合适的趋势判断界限和滑动窗口可降低报警延迟,减少误报和漏报现象。 相似文献
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Changbin Li Jiaguo Qi Zhaodong Feng Runsheng Yin Songbing Zou Feng Zhang 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2010,4(3):296-310
This study simulated the watershed flow and sediment responses based on calibration of the SWAT model in the semi-arid Chinese
Loess Plateau (LP) where soil erosion intensively occurs. After the model’s initiation and manual modification, a 7-year inconsecutively
observed flow and sediment data from 1984 to 1990 was used to analyze the model’s application in the selected watershed called
AJW in the Chinese LP region. The model procedure included sensitivity analysis, parameter calibration and model validation.
The best parameter set was finally determined based on the combination of parameter localization and auto-calibration. Then
the model was assessed for its accuracy based on the NSE estimation, resulting in 0.77 and 0.67 for calibration and 0.46 and
0.32 for validation on simulations for flow and sediment, respectively, which is a moderately satisfactory accuracy among
the applications of the SWAT model. Annual watershed assessment on flow and sediment with the calibrated SWAT model resulted
in a multiyear averaged annual runoff coefficient of about 2.7% and an erosion modulus of 797 t/(km2·a−1) in the AJW, indicating a beneficial consequence from the implementation of the historical soil and water conservations. 相似文献
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用十进制遗传算法识别泰斯模型参数 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
提出了用十进制遗传算法识别泰斯模型参数的方法和步骤,并给出了计算实例。本方法和传统的配线法与高斯牛顿法相比,具有更好的确定性和更高的精度。十进制遗传算法的主要优点在于采用十进制编码表达实际问题比较简单,算法的平均效率高,特别是对于高维和复杂优化问题。 相似文献
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Hydrological models play vital roles in understanding and management of surface water resources. The physically based distributed model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was applied to a small catchment in south eastern Australia to determine its ability to mimic low and high streamflows. The model was successfully calibrated using 1993–2002 streamflow data and validated using 2003–2011 data with a combination of manual and auto-calibration techniques for both monthly and daily time steps. Sensitivity analysis indicated that curve number for moisture condition II (CN2) is the most sensitive parameter for both time steps. In general, the model performance statistics indicated “very good” agreement between measured and simulated discharges for both calibration and validation periods. The model was able to satisfactorily simulate both low and high flows of the Yass River. Analysis of water balance components indicated that more than 90 % of the rainfall is lost as evapotranspiration and about 45 % of the streamflow is base flow. The calibrated and validated SWAT model can be used to analyze the effect of climate and land use changes on catchment wide hydrologic process. 相似文献
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Inverse modeling of variable-density groundwater flow in a semi-arid area in Iran using a genetic algorithm 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Flow and mass transport parameter estimation was done by creating an inverse model of a seawater intrusion system using a genetic algorithm (GA) method as the optimization procedure. Firstly, the SEAWAT code was used for the forward solution part and then a program was written in MATLAB for coupling the forward and inverse processes. The auto-calibration objective function was defined with the root mean square errors (RMSE) between the observed and the simulated values. A simple GA was used to minimize the RMSE criterion. The methodology was applied to a coastal aquifer with heterogeneous formations in a semi-arid area near salty Tashk Lake (electrical conductivity 61,420 µS/cm), Fars province, Iran. In the last two decades, the overexploitation of groundwater has caused a major water level drawdown and, consequently, salt-water intrusion. Firstly, flow and transport parameters (hydraulic conductivity, porosity, specific storage coefficient and longitudinal dispersivity) were estimated simultaneously in steady-state and, secondly, in the developed code, these results were used as initial values of the parameters in transient-state. Results show a good match for observed and simulated data. It can be concluded that GA is a helpful tool for automatic calibration of variable density fluid systems such as seawater intrusion cases. 相似文献
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Ou Yonghe Zhang Yingling 《地球科学》1986,(2)
本文在分析矿区水文地质条件并加以简化的基础上,对含水层的边界条件及非均质性作了技术处理,从而确定了矿区水文地质计算模型,然后运用泰斯非稳定流理论建立求解疏干流量的数学模型。在规定的疏干要求下,预测了各阶段的疏干流量及相应的疏干时间。文中对阶梯流量迭加计算过程,当含水层为承压—无压状态下,如何确定水力传导系数,提出了新的方法。 相似文献
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青藏高原北麓河地区降水量观测与对比分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据2011年11月至2012年9月通过Thies激光雨滴谱仪、 T-200B雨雪量计和TE525翻斗式雨量筒获取的青藏高原北麓河地区降水量数据, 按3个时间段分别对3种仪器记录的降水量行了对比分析. 结果表明: 激光雨滴谱仪获取的固态降水量与经Jimmy校正公式修正后的T-200B降水量极为接近. 但在测量雨夹雪时, 激光雨滴谱仪对降水类型、 颗粒直径的误判造成了获取的降水量远高于T-200B雨量筒. 而3种仪器获取的液态降水量有很好的一致性. 但是, 当小时降雨量在2 mm以上时, 激光雨滴谱仪获取的降雨量比T-200B和TE525雨量筒小20%左右. 同时, 在风吹雪对激光雨滴谱仪的影响方面做了相关的分析研究, 初步认为风吹雪的颗粒直径主要集中在0.5 mm以下. 相似文献
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A Simple Approach to Account for Radial Flow and Boundary Conditions When Kriging Hydraulic Head Fields for Confined Aquifers 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The estimation and mapping of realistic hydraulic head fields, hence of flow paths, is a major goal of many hydrogeological studies. The most widely used method to obtain reliable head fields is the inverse approach. This approach relies on the numerical approximation of the flow equation and requires specifying boundary conditions and the transmissivity of each grid element. Boundary conditions are often unknown or poorly known, yet they impose a strong signature on the head fields obtained by inverse analysis. A simpler alternative to the inverse approach is the direct kriging of the head field using the measurements obtained at observation wells. The kriging must be modified to incorporate the available information. Use of the dual kriging formalism enables simultaneously estimating the head field, the aquifer mean transmissivity, and the regional hydraulic gradient from head data in steady or transient state conditions. In transient state conditions, an estimate of the storage coefficient can be obtained. We test the approach on simple analytical cases, on synthetic cases with solutions obtained numerically using a finite element flow simulator, and on a real aquifer. For homogeneous aquifers, infinite or bounded, the kriging estimate retrieves the exact solution of the head field, the exact hydrogeological parameters and the flow net. With heterogeneous aquifers, kriging accurately estimates the head field with prediction errors of the same magnitude as typical head measurement errors. The transmissivities are also accurately estimated by kriging. Moreover, if inversion is required, the kriged head along boundaries can be used as realistic boundary conditions for flow simulation. 相似文献
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结合GIS(geographic information systems,地理信息系统)的空间数据处理能力,将潘家铮法从二维扩展到三维,提出一个基于栅格柱体单元的库岸滑坡滑速计算方法。建立了基于栅格柱体单元的三维滑坡滑速计算分析模型,给出了模型参数在GIS中的空间计算表达式。其次,通过对计算模型进行受力分析,结合牛顿运动定律,选取了沿滑体滑动方向和垂直方向来建立动力平衡方程,从而求解三维滑坡滑速。在GIS中开发出一个三维滑坡滑速计算扩展模块,并通过实例与潘家铮法所得结果进行对比。结果表明,该方法比潘家铮法计算的最大速度结果大15.2%,比启动加速度结果大32.8%,比达到最大速度的滑动时间短1 s。 相似文献