共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
精确的室内三维模型在古遗产保护、公共场所的精细化管理和室内导航等领域有着重要作用,而激光雷达正被逐步应用到室内三维重建中。文中采用移动激光雷达对室内所有附属设施进行高精度激光扫描,得到融合CCD影像色彩信息的彩色点云数据。给出室内全要素三维重建的技术流程,并利用Autodesk CAD等三维建模平台对点云数据进行有效处理,最终得到高精度且带有大地坐标的室内三维模型。实验结果表明,采用移动激光雷达能快速获取高精度的室内三维点云数据。通过文中提出的流程,可快速得到真三维、真尺寸、真纹理的室内全要素模型。 相似文献
2.
Linwang Yuan Zhaoyuan Yu Shaofei Chen Wen Luo Yongjun Wang Guonian Lü 《Transactions in GIS》2010,14(Z1):59-83
Introducing Clifford algebra as the mathematical foundation, a unified spatio‐temporal data model and hierarchical spatio‐temporal index are constructed by linking basic data objects, like pointclouds and Spatio‐Temporal Hyper Cubes of different dimensions, within the multivector structure of Clifford algebra. The transformation from geographic space into homogeneous and conformal space means that geometric, metric and many other kinds of operators of Clifford algebra can be implemented and we then design the shortest path, high‐dimensional Voronoi and unified spatial‐temporal process analyses with spacetime algebra. Tests with real world data suggest these traditional GIS analysis algorithms can be extended and constructed under Clifford Algebra framework, which can accommodate multiple dimensions. The prototype software system CAUSTA (Clifford Algebra based Unified Spatial‐Temporal Analysis) provides a useful tool for investigating and modeling the distribution characteristics and dynamic process of complex geographical phenomena under the unified spatio‐temporal structure. 相似文献
3.
Youness Dehbi Fabian Hadiji Gerhard Gröger Kristian Kersting Lutz Plümer 《Transactions in GIS》2017,21(1):134-150
The automatic interpretation of 3D point clouds for building reconstruction is a challenging task. The interpretation process requires highly structured models representing semantics. Formal grammars can describe structures as well as the parameters of buildings and their parts. We propose a novel approach for the automatic learning of weighted attributed context‐free grammar rules for 3D building reconstruction, supporting the laborious manual design of rules. We separate structure from parameter learning. Specific Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are used to generate a weighted context‐free grammar and predict structured outputs such as parse trees. The grammar is extended by parameters and constraints, which are learned based on a statistical relational learning method using Markov Logic Networks (MLNs). MLNs enforce the topological and geometric constraints. MLNs address uncertainty explicitly and provide probabilistic inference. They are able to deal with partial observations caused by occlusions. Uncertain projective geometry is used to deal with the uncertainty of the observations. Learning is based on a large building database covering different building styles and façade structures. In particular, a treebank that has been derived from the database is employed for structure learning. 相似文献
4.
Integrating GIS‐Based Geo‐Atom Theory and Voxel Automata to Simulate the Dispersal of Airborne Pollutants 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Environmental processes are usually conceptualized as complex systems whose dynamics are best understood by examining the relationships and interactions of their constituent parts. The cellular automata paradigm, as a bottom‐up modeling approach, has been widely used to study the macroscopic behavior of these complex natural processes. However, the cellular automata models are largely restricted to the two‐dimensional spatial perspective even though the process dynamics they represent evolve in the three spatial dimensions. The objective of this study is to develop a voxel‐based automata approach for modeling the propagation of airborne pollutants in three‐dimensional space over time. The GIS‐based geo‐atom theory was used to manage the data within the automaton. The simulation results indicate the model has the capability to generate effective four‐dimensional (4D) simulations from simple transition rules that describe the processes of particle advection and diffusion. The application of voxel‐based automata and the geo‐atom concepts allows for a detailed 4D analysis and tracking of the changes in the voxel space at every time‐step. The proposed modeling approach provides new means to examine the relationships between pattern and process in 4D. 相似文献
5.
Raimo Becker-Haumann 《Transactions in GIS》2007,11(1):83-100
GIS is an established and appropriate tool for the management and evaluation of geodata which is being increasingly used for the three‐dimensional modeling of strata. An advanced technique for the GIS‐based 3D‐modeling is developed here in order to integrate genetic aspects of deposition into the modeling process. The ArcView® software (ESRI, Inc., Redlands, California) and the extensions 3D‐Analyst and Spatial Analyst have been used for the data management and layer rendering. The tools VirGIL and GSI‐3D (Insight Corp., Germany) have been applied for the purpose of visualization of the layers in 3D. The main topic of the work is the generation of geometrically consistent models of fluvial terrace bodies, which represent monogenetic fills of Pleistocene palaeovalleys. One peculiarity of the investigated Illerglacier foreland, southern Germany, is the occurrence of highly eroded terrace remnants. The preserved deposits are tied to several accumulation levels, but the usual way of morphostratigraphic interpretation is limited and results in lots of different stratigraphies and palaeogeographic ideas presented in literature. The sediment fill of meltwater valleys, which can be identified in the Illerglacier area is reconstructed based upon intense field mapping. The terrace accumulations are defined by the base and surface layers, which are thought to be isochronous. Some 1,400 data points were used to model these layers in 3D. The geometry of the sediment deposits is defined using basic parameters, e.g. the gradient and the thickness of the terrace, which are used as bench levels for the modeling process. The quality of the calculated maps and cross‐sections far surpasses that of those derived in the classic way without a genetic concept and without using the 3D‐modeling technique. The results derived from the terrace models are relevant for the stratigraphy and palaeogeography of the investigated region of the Alpine foreland. The advanced modeling technique can be used for the detail analyses of terrace sequences of other regions. 相似文献
6.
本文提出了充分利用独立弯曲结构的线状要素Morphing变换方法。该方法首先对不同比例尺表达的对应线状要素分别构建约束Delaunay三角网并建立弯曲森林,然后进行弯曲匹配以获得对应弯曲。鉴于对应弯曲“背面”的独立弯曲结构隐藏于更高层次的大弯曲中,对对应弯曲重新构建约束Delaunay三角网进而建立其“背面”的弯曲森林并进行弯曲匹配得到新的对应弯曲,依此递归充分挖掘对应弯曲结构。在此基础上,将所有对应弯曲的对应始点和对应终点都作为断点切割原线状要素,获得对应线段。最后,采用线性插值算法建立各对应线段之间的对应点关系并以对应点间的直线作为移位路径进行Morphing变换。通过实例分析,验证了本文充分利用独立弯曲结构的方法能够提高对应弯曲特征点的识别能力,从而能够更好地保持弯曲特征点并改善Morphing变换效果。 相似文献
7.
从度量几何学的观点,建立多尺度空间实体等距同构模型。将多尺度空间实体分别看作刚性图形和弹性图形,利用等距同构不变性的概念,构建多尺度空间实体几何相似性图形距离和拓扑相似性图形距离。通过统一几何和拓扑相似性图形距离,构成一个二元集值距离,作为多尺度空间实体相似性的评价指标。通过对不同复杂性的面状和线状空间实体多尺度表达图形的几何和拓扑相似性度量实验表明,该方法能同时顾及多尺度空间实体几何和拓扑结构的改变,且符合空间实体的多尺度抽象规律。 相似文献
8.
When analyzing spatial issues, geographers are often confronted with many problems with regard to the imprecision of the available information. It is necessary to develop representation and design methods which are suited to imprecise spatiotemporal data. This led to the recent proposal of the F‐Perceptory approach. F‐Perceptory models fuzzy primitive geometries that are appropriate in representing homogeneous regions. However, the real world often contains cases that are much more complex, describing geographic features with composite structures such as a geometry aggregation or combination. From a conceptual point of view, these cases have not yet been managed with F‐Perceptory. This article proposes modeling fuzzy geographic objects with composite geometries, by extending the pictographic language of F‐Perceptory and its mapping to the Unified Modeling Language (UML) necessary to manage them in object/relational databases. Until now, the most commonly used object modeling tools have not considered imprecise data. The extended F‐Perceptory is implemented under a UML‐based modeling tool in order to support users in fuzzy conceptual data modeling. In addition, in order to properly define the related database design, an automatic derivation process is implemented to generate the fuzzy database model. 相似文献
9.
Three‐dimensional (3D) terrain modeling based on digital elevation models (DEMs) with the use of orthographic and perspective projections is a standard procedure implemented in many commercial and open‐source geoinformation systems. However, standard tools may be insufficient for 3D scientific visualization. In particular, single‐source illumination of 3D models may be deficient for topographically complex terrains. We present an approach for 3D terrain modeling with multiple‐source illumination in the virtual environment of the Blender free and open‐source software. The approach includes the following key stages: (1) automatic creation of a polygonal object; (2) selecting an algorithm to model the 3D geometry; (3) selecting a vertical exaggeration scale; (4) selecting types, parameters, a number, and positions of light sources; (5) selecting methods for generating shadows; (6) selecting a shading method for the 3D model; (7) selecting a material for the 3D model surface; (8) overlaying a texture on the 3D model; (9) setting a virtual camera; and (10) rendering the 3D model. To illustrate the approach, we processed a test DEM extracted from the International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean version 3.0 (IBCAO 3.0). The approach is currently being used to develop a system for geomorphometric modeling of the Arctic Ocean floor. 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
树冠形状对孔隙率及叶面积指数估算的影响分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
叶片在树冠尺度的聚集是森林场景中的重要聚集形式,模型中常假设树冠为规则的几何形体(椭球、圆锥、圆锥+圆柱等)。对树冠形状归属进行判断时界限并不明显,从而具有很强的主观性。本文首先扩展了Nilson的森林孔隙率模型,使其适用于椭球、圆锥、圆锥+圆柱等3种常见形状的树冠,并基于该模型分析了孔隙率、聚集指数对树冠形状的敏感性。同时,本文还分析了树冠形状对叶面积指数(LAI)地面间接测量精度的影响。基于不同形状树冠的模拟数据分析发现,树冠的体积、投影面积是树冠形状产生作用的主要因子,在冠层底部椭球形树冠和圆锥+圆柱形树冠的平均孔隙率、聚集指数都非常接近,而圆锥形树冠与两者存在较大差异。树冠形状的错误设置在极端情况下可导致估算的真实LAI误差超过25%。 相似文献
13.
One of the first stages of the three‐dimensional (3D) subsurface modeling process involves collation and analysis of available borehole and/or outcrop data to identify individual subsurface units, usually distinguished by the grain size of the sediment, and the elevation of their bounding contacts. Input data can come from a variety of sources and may be categorized according to their reliability and/or quality. The output from the 3D model is a prediction of subsurface conditions based on these data and the reliability of the output model is highly dependent on both the quality of input data and the types of interpolation methods used. This article presents a new quality weighting methodology that allows the user to assign a differential weighting factor to data points of variable quality in the modeling process. Input data are categorized into high and low quality datasets which are then recombined using a grid math process in which a differential “weighting” factor is applied. This allows the 3D modeling program to maximize the use and effectiveness of data from all available sources while giving high quality data greater influence on the final model output, and will result in the generation of more accurate and reliable 3D subsurface models. 相似文献
14.
针对传统方法在度量建筑物面要素几何形状时,未能考虑形状认知的视觉特征因素且形状特征需要人为定义等问题,该文提出一种建筑物几何形状度量方法。首先,利用深度卷积神经网络的图像特征学习特性,结合自动编码机的自监督学习能力,构建基于机器自监督学习的建筑物面要素几何形状度量神经网络;其次,利用建筑物图像形状大数据对网络进行训练;最后,利用训练完成的神经网络识别并提取建筑物形状特征集并作为形状度量的结果。实验表明,该方法形状度量结果区分度高,一定程度上克服了人为定义形状特征的缺点,且与视觉感知结果基本一致。 相似文献
15.
An intelligent geospatial processing unit for image classification based on geographic vector agents (GVAs) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Spatial modeling methods usually use pixels and image objects as fundamental processing units to address real‐world objects, geo‐objects, in image space. To do this, both pixel‐based and object‐based approaches typically employ a linear two‐staged workflow of segmentation and classification. Pixel‐based methods segment a classified image to address geo‐objects in image space. In contrast, object‐based approaches classify a segmented image to identify geo‐objects from raster datasets. These methods lack the ability to simultaneously integrate the geometry and theme of geo‐objects in image space. This article explores Geographical Vector Agents (GVAs) as an automated and intelligent processing unit to directly address real‐world objects in the process of remote sensing image classification. The GVA is a distinct type of geographic automata characterized by elastic geometry, dynamic internal structure, neighborhoods and their respective rules. We test this concept by modeling a set of objects on a subset IKONOS image and LiDAR DSM datasets without the setting parameters (e.g. scale, shape information), usually applied in conventional Geographic Object‐Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) approaches. The results show that the GVA approach achieves more than 3.5% improvement for correctness, 2% improvement for quality, although no significant improvement for completeness to GEOBIA, thus demonstrating the competitive performance of GVAs classification. 相似文献
16.
本文提出了一种适于表达三维地籍的空间拓扑数据模型,并分别在概念层次和实现层次给出了概念模型和逻辑模型。概念模型分为3层:要素层、几何层和拓扑层。要素层用于表述地籍管理对象,几何层用于描述实体的几何形态,拓扑层用于表达实体间的拓扑关系。在概念模型基础上,给出了对应的逻辑模型。实验结果表明:所提出的模型有效、可行。 相似文献
17.
本文基于Morphing连续变形技术的一种技术探讨河网的多尺度变换方法,主要涉及对应河流间的Morphing变换和无对应河流的河流删除这两类问题。本文首先对两个不同比例尺的对应河网进行河流匹配,确定河流的对应情况,然后以较大比例尺河网向较小比例尺河网变化的方式进行河网的多尺度变换。对于在两个不同比例尺河网中对应存在的河流,采用顾及交汇点信息及河流结构信息的形状内插方法进行Morphing变换;对于仅在较大比例尺河网中存在而在较小比例尺河网中不存在的河流,则以河流的干支总长作为其重要性标准,进而依据给定的变换程度参数删除重要性较小的河流。最后,通过实验分析与对比,验证了本文方法能够有效改善河流间的Morphing变换效果,提高河流选取的准确性。 相似文献
18.
高精度三维坐标控制网是进行空间大尺寸精密坐标测量的基础,在对大尺寸机构和大型设备的安装、调试、监测过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。现阶段,激光测距的精度可达微米级,因此,利用激光测距可建立高精度的三维控制网。与边角网中点位精度受测角和测距精度两者的影响不同,三维测边网中点位精度仅受测距误差的影响。为了建立全局的精密三维控制网,文中基于激光测距建立了三维测边网整体平差模型,解算出测站点与定向点坐标,并利用Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)优化算法根据距离前方交会原理对三维网进行优化。经实验验证,优化算法提高了定向点的精度。 相似文献
19.
深度图像的表示是实现三维目标识别、配准等工作的前提。针对地面三维激光扫描得到的点云数据,提出一种基于投影变换的深度图像生成算法。采用投影变换将三维点沿观察坐标系的法向量投影到观察平面上,使投影向量和观察平面垂直,这样观察点和观察平面间的距离就不会影响物体的投影大小和形状,有效避免了"失真"现象的发生。利用灰度图像生成深度图像,使用方案对地面激光扫描系统获取的建筑物实验数据进行具体处理。结果表明,文中基于投影变换的图像生成方法更能直观地反映建筑物表面的几何分布特征,为后续特征的提取奠定基础。 相似文献
20.
江皖 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,(12):166-167,170
为了形象地表现层状地质体形态,本文利用VRML在虚拟环境中建立了3维地质体。根据层状地质体的实际情况,本文利用VRML中的几何形体建模节点ElevationGrid和IndexedFaceSet创建了3维地质体的虚拟现实模型。该方法利用钻孔数据获取层面数据,使用Surfer软件进行数据插值,得到网格化数据文件,用网格化文件与ElevationGrid节点相结合,模拟地质体上下表面,用IndexedFaceSet节点建立两层表面边界,从而构成一个视觉上闭合的3维实体。最后用此方法建立了层状地质体的虚拟现实模型实例。 相似文献