共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
《Applied Geochemistry》2005,20(1):1-21
In the northern part of the Indian sub-continent, the Ganga alluvial plain (GAP) feeds its weathering products to the Ganga–Brahmaputra River system, one of the world’s largest fluvial systems. The authors present a geochemical study of the GAP weathering products transported by the Gomati River (the Ganga River tributary) to understand weathering processes of an alluvial plain in a humid sub-tropical climate. A total of 28 sediment samples were collected during the monsoon season and were analysed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for 25 major and trace elements. Bulk chemistry of the channel, flood and suspended sediments mostly consists (>90%, >80% and >75%, respectively) of three elements; Al, Si and Fe. Major element concentrations normalised with respect to upper continental crust (UCC) show strong depletion of highly mobile elements (Na, Ca) and enrichment of immobile elements (Ti, Si). Silica enrichment in the sand fraction is probably caused by chemical weathering of feldspar. Mineral sorting during fluvial transportation acts as the single important factor that controls the geochemistry of these weathering products and also strongly influences major and trace element distribution in the individual sediment samples. Trace element (Ba, Cr, Cu, Nb, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) concentrations were strongly correlated with major element (Si, Al, Fe, Mn and K) concentrations indicating that the abundance of trace elements is controlled by the same processes that control the major element distribution in these sediments.The GAP weathering products were geochemically distinguished as arkose to litharenite in rock classification. Chemical mobility, normalised with respect to TiO2 in UCC, indicates that Si, Na, Zr, Ba and Sr, mainly derived from feldspar, muscovite and biotite, are lost during weathering. Iron and Zn remained immobile during weathering and were strongly adsorbed by phyllosilicates and concentrated in fine-grained sediment fractions. The chemical index of alteration indicates that the GAP has experienced chemical weathering of incipient to moderate intensity. The GAP weathering products also demonstrated a progressive incomplete alteration in the alluvial sequence made-up of the Himalayan-derived sediments. A model has been proposed to better understand weathering processes and products of the GAP in temporary storage of ∼50 ka in a humid sub-tropical climate. 相似文献
2.
白云岩风化剖面元素地球化学特征:对黔中九架炉组“三稀金属”富集机制的启示 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
黔中早石炭世九架炉组铝土矿含矿岩系富集Ti、Li、Sc、V、Ga、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th和稀土(REEs)等"三稀金属",具有成为独立矿床或伴生资源的潜力。这些元素大部分与九架炉组共有同一母岩,且富集程度受母岩的成分和风化作用控制。本研究选取九架炉组母岩乌当娄山关群白云岩和纳雍牛蹄塘组泥质白云岩的现代风化剖面为研究对象,研究元素在风化作用过程中的迁移特征及分布规律,进而为九架炉组微量元素的富集机制提供启示。研究获得以下认识:1)依据剖面结构、ZrHf、Nb-Ta、Y-Ho二元图特征及REE配分曲线和Eu/Eu*值的相似性表明研究区土层主要来源于基底或母岩的风化; 2)白云岩风化成土过程中Si、Fe、Cr、As、Sb、Ti、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th、REEs等元素化学性质相对稳定,富集程度较高,而Ca、Mg、Na、K、Sr、P、Mo、Cd等元素化学性质活泼,容易淋失亏损; 3)纳雍剖面REEs~(3+)和Ca~(2+)半径差与REEs富集系数相关性良好,表明碳酸盐岩风化过程中,含钙矿物磷灰石是稀土元素分配的重要控制因素; 4)九架炉组的母岩也是Ti、Li、Sc、V、Ga、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th等微量元素的主要物质来源,母岩风化过程中,这些微量元素首先在副矿物、黏土矿物、铝矿物及磷灰石等矿物相中初步富集,之后随风化碎屑物一起沉积形成微量元素超常富集地层; 5)纳雍剖面地表和地下水提供了部分P、Be、Zn、Sb、Pb、Y及REEs来源,指示水体迁入作用也是九架炉组REEs富集的重要原因。研究表明黔中九架炉组微量元素的来源较复杂,风化-沉积过程中,化学性质稳定的元素残留在风化碎屑物中并被搬运-沉积在负地形中,而化学性质活泼的元素首先被带入水体,在沉积-成岩过程中特定条件下发生二次富集作用(例如次生矿物的形成及吸附)形成微量元素富集的地层。 相似文献
3.
黔西北峨眉山玄武岩顶部普遍发育Fe-Al岩系。为查明峨眉山玄武岩顶部Fe-Al岩系特征,探讨其三稀元素富集特点,开展了针对峨眉山玄武岩顶部Fe-Al岩系的野外调查。调查结果显示: 当峨眉山玄武岩上覆地层分别为宣威组或龙潭组时,峨眉山玄武岩顶部风化壳Fe-Al岩系表现出明显差异。样品测试结果表明: Fe-Al岩系内Sc、Nb、REE等三稀元素含量丰富,具有很好的找矿前景,宣威组Fe-Al岩系内Sc、Nb、REE含量更高,尤其是Nb和REE。Fe-Al岩系内Sc、Nb、REE等三稀元素富集为峨眉山玄武岩风化初始富集和后期改造再次富集作用的结果。 相似文献
4.
以松辽盆地哈达山青山口组二、三段泥岩盖层为研究对象,通过岩石学和地球化学相结合的方法,对泥岩样品中常量元素和稀土微量元素特征进行了研究,结果表明:(1)泥岩稀土元素(∑REE)总量较高(104.99×10~(-6)~281.88×10~(-6)),∑LREE/HREE比值较高(6.50~9.96),REE配分模式显示轻稀土元素富集而重稀土元素亏损,Eu(0.88~1.16)存在负异常等特征;(2)物源区母岩类型主要为沉积岩和中基性火山岩,源岩的钾交代作用成因可能为黏土矿物中的伊蒙混层转化为自生伊利石;(3)物源区泥岩修正后的CIA值(44.75~72.24)较低,暗示物源区经历了弱风化作用,Sr/Cu指标显示物源区长期受干热型气候控制。 相似文献
5.
Fe-nodules occur within saprolites formed from weathering of granodioritic gneisses in the rain-shadow region of the Mysore Plateau adjacent to the Sahyadri Mountains in Southern India. These nodules and their host saprolites were studied for their geochemistry, including chemical speciation, to understand nodule formation and chemical redistribution processes during rock weathering. From their mode of occurrence, and mineralogical and geochemical data, we infer that the nodules originated by a two-stage process in which the initial extensive weathering of gneisses likely facilitated subsequent ferrolysis weathering and nodule formation. Nodules originated by precipitation of goethite, hematite and gibbsite along with several amorphous phases within the matrix of weathered gneisses. This is possible only under hydromorphic conditions, suggesting that parts of the plateau must have gone through a humid phase prior to the present aridity. In the saprolites, Al, Fe, and Ti become enriched because of the removal of Si, Ca, Na, and K. However within the nodule, Fe, Ti, Cr, and Ni are deposited after their chemical transport from the saprolite. Titanium, known for its immobile nature, was also mobilized and concentrated under the conditions of nodule formation. The most important elements in the nodule constitution are Fe, Al, Ti, and Mn, each having both crystalline and amorphous phases. Fe-Ti and Mn oxyhydroxides grain coatings in the saprolites and discrete amorphous Mn and Ti phases in the nodules seem to have scavenged trace elements from the weathering profile. REE were mobilized during weathering and nodule genesis in which Ce and Ti show a strong geochemical coherence. The enrichment of only HREE in saprolite, and both HREE and LREE with significant Ce in the nodule, indicate the control of evolving secondary minerals in the REE redistribution during rock weathering. Strong enrichment of Ce in the weathering profile and in nodules has important implications to the REE chemistry of river waters. 相似文献
6.
Apatite as an indicator mineral for mineral exploration: trace-element compositions and their relationship to host rock type 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
E. A. Belousova W. L. Griffin Suzanne Y. O'Reilly N. I. Fisher 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2002,76(1):1056
Over 700 apatite grains from a range of rock types have been analysed by laser-ablation microprobe ICPMS for 28 trace elements, to investigate the potential usefulness of apatite as an indicator mineral in mineral exploration. Apatites derived from different rock types have distinctive absolute and relative abundances of many trace elements (including rare-earth elements (REE), Sr, Y, Mn, Th), and chondrite-normalised trace-element patterns. The slope of chondrite-normalised REE patterns varies systematically from ultramafic through mafic/intermediate to highly fractionated granitoid rock types. (Ce/Yb)cn is very high in apatites from carbonatites and mantle-derived lherzolites (over 100 and over 200, respectively), while (Ce/Yb)cn values in apatites from granitic pegmatites are generally less than 1, reflecting both HREE enrichment and LREE depletion. Within a large suite of apatites from granitoid rocks, chemical composition is closely related to both the degree of fractionation and the oxidation state of the magma, two important parameters in determining the mineral potential of the magmatic system. Apatite can accept high levels of transition and chalcophile elements and As, making it feasible to recognise apatite associated with specific types of mineralisation. Multivariate statistical analysis has provided a user-friendly scheme to distinguish apatites from different rock types, based on contents of Sr, Y, Mn and total REE, the degree of LREE enrichment and the size of the Eu anomaly. The scheme can be used for the recognition of apatites from specific rock types or styles of mineralisation, so that the provenance of apatite grains in heavy mineral concentrates can be determined and used in geochemical exploration. 相似文献
7.
加里东期平河复式花岗岩体位于滇西保山地块西部边缘,其岩石类型主要为二长花岗岩、似斑状二长花岗岩。平河复式花岗岩体主量元素显示岩石全碱（w（K2O+Na2O））值分别为6.89%和7.44%,K2O/Na2O值分别为1.59和2.65,铝饱和指数（A/CNK）值分别为1.58和1.76,里特曼指数（σ）分别为1.65和1.73;微量稀土元素显示岩石总体上富集Rb、Th等大离子亲石元素,亏损Ta、Nb等高场强元素,轻稀土元素富集,LREE/HREE值分别为1.40和6.43,具低-中等负铕异常（δEu=0.16和0.75）。2件花岗岩样品的锆石U-Pb年龄变化于478~476 Ma,表明这些花岗岩类侵位于早奥陶世;2件样品38颗锆石测点的εHf（t）值显示较大的变化范围,对应的Hf同位素地壳模式年龄集中在2.2~1.7 Ga。这些地球化学特征显示平河复式花岗岩体属钙碱性过铝质S型花岗岩,为泛非运动构造碰撞后应力松弛阶段产物,其形成可能与滇西地区原特提斯地史阶段地块挤压碰撞、裂离过程密切相关。在大团山地区,该期岩体中首次发现含稀土矿物——锰铁铈氧化物,其对全风化岩体稀土氧化物总量贡献最大;岩体风化壳稀土氧化物总量（REO）总体不高,为279.05×10-6~791.77×10-6,总体富集Y、La、Ce元素,局部轻稀土元素Nd富集,重稀土镝氧化物配分较高,为2.30%~4.62%。大团山稀土矿点的发现,表明滇西加里东期花岗岩亦有寻找花岗岩风化壳型稀土矿的潜力。 相似文献
8.
特色经济作物品质与生态地球化学条件密切相关,查明山区地球关键带基岩-风化壳-土壤-作物BRSPC系统元素迁移富集规律,对农业种植布局优化具有重要意义.选取承德冀北山区仁用杏产区为研究区,结合多元统计分析采用多种化学风化指数、元素化学损耗分数CDF、质量迁移系数法、生物富集系数BCF法分碎屑岩建造区和火山岩建造区定量评价BRSPC体系中元素迁聚特征.结果表明:研究区土壤TK和TFe2O3含量丰富,Se元素含量适量,Cu和Ge含量中等-较丰富,TP、S和B元素含量较缺乏.区内基岩-土壤总体处于初等化学风化阶段,火山岩建造区土壤风化程度总体高于碎屑岩区.土壤S、B、Se、Ti、MgO和Fe2O3含量在基岩风化过程相对富集,基岩风化过程中Se、S、B、Ni和V为质量迁移强活动元素.全区85.71%的杏果肉样品Se含量达到富硒标准,25%杏仁达到含硒-富硒标准;碎屑岩区杏果实Se含量高于火山岩区.基岩风化过程中的元素富集亏损特征与土壤-作物吸收过程中的元素迁聚密切相关,BRSPC系统元素传导具有较好的继承性.土壤Cu、Zn、TP、Se、B、CaO和TFe2O3含量是制约研究区杏果实品质的主要地化因素,火山岩基岩风化过程中Cu和Zn元素淋滤流失程度大于碎屑岩区,碎屑岩区土壤TP、Se、B、CaO和TFe2O3含量高于火山岩建造区,相对更适宜于仁用杏种植. 相似文献
9.
太湖沉积物微量元素特征和变化：自然与人类活动的影响 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
通过对太湖沉积物微量元素的测定，分析了沉积物的元素含量特征及变化趋势，指出了重金属元素的分布特点。沉积物和岩石微量元素的上地壳标准化值显示，它们的曲线存在明显的区别，反映了物质在风化和沉积过程中不同的性质差异。重金属在太湖北部地区较高，在南部地区较低，特别是As、Hg、Cu、Zn、Ni。对照背景值，探讨了重金属元素的富集程度，并运用地累积指数评估了沉积物的污染程度。根据1987年和2000年的数据，计算了重金属的累积速率。最后，讨论了自然作用和人类活动对微量元素的影响。 相似文献
10.
Ilson Guimaraes Carvalho Suely S.P. Mestrinho Vanice M.S. Fontes Om P. Goel Francisco de A. Souza 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1991,40(1-3)
Lateritic covers developed during the Pleistocene in two distinct areas (Gentio do Ouro District and Sento Sé) of the State of Bahia, Brazil, have been investigated geochemically. Samples of the bedrock (gabbros, from the Gentio do Ouro District, and silicate facies iron formation and associated iron-rich banded carbonates, from the Sento Sé Area) and the lateritic products (latosols, cuirasses and pisolites) were analyzed for major and selected trace elements (Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, V, Pb, Ba, Au and ree). The purpose of the research was to study the geochemical evolution of the laterites and the relationship of weathering processes to secondary gold mineralization.Four types of element mobilities are recognized, defined by progressive depletion (type A) or enrichment (type C) in the sequence latosol-cuirasse-pisolite or by extreme enrichment (type B) or depletion (type D) in the cuirasse. Cr and V have similar behavior (type C), whatever the type of parent rock: however, when the original rocks are gabbros, Co, Cu and Ni demonstrate behavior A, B and A, respectively. Also Ti has the same type of mobility (type A), whatever the type of parent rock.The concentrations of some residual elements, e.g., Ti, V, Mn, Fe and Au, are inherited from the original rocks, that is, they exhibit higher values in the lateritic materials on parent rocks in which their contents are high.The enrichment of ree in the lateritic materials on iron-rich carbonates is attributed to relatively basic and reducing conditions at depth. This environment allowed the ions of these elements (Ce, Sm, Eu and Yb in the reduced ionic form) to stay in solution along with Fe2+. At shallow depht, under oxidizing conditions, the iron oxyhydroxides adsorbed the ree ions. This adsorption was more effective for La, Ce and Yb ions.The ree contents in the lateritic products from gabbros indicate a depletion of hree plus Eu, Nd and Sm are also depleted in cuirasses and Ce is depleted in pisolites. The loss of these ree and the slight concentration of lree in the red latosol of the Gentio do Ouro District are attributed to partial leaching of ree by a relatively acidic solution. The adsorption of ree by iron oxyhydroxides was less intense here than in the weathering of the iron-rich carbonates at Sento Sé Area. It was also more effective for La and Ce (ions). This type of weathering solution may be generated from oxidation of the accessory pyrite present in the gabbros of the Gentio do Ouro District. It may dissolve primary gold which then precipitates on encountering basic conditions at depth. 相似文献
11.
地球化学基因是近年来提出的新技术。在分析地球化学基因构建方法的基础上提出一种基于微量元素的岩性地球化学基因,并将其编号为LG03,其基因链元素序列为Nb→Ti→Zr→Cr→La→V→Pb→Co→U→Ni→Th。分别选择发育在广东连阳花岗岩与佛冈花岗岩的2个花岗岩风化剖面、海南文昌3个玄武岩风化剖面、北京房山1个花岗闪长岩风化剖面、胶东2个花岗岩风化剖面与1个玄武岩风化剖面及1个花岗闪长岩风化剖面共计10个风化剖面对新构建的LG03基因以及以前基于主量和微量元素混合构建的LG01岩性基因进行检验。采用基因相似度≥80%作为样品之间具有相似基因的判别标准来检验地球化学基因在风化过程中的稳定性时,发现基于微量元素的LG03岩性基因与基于主量和微量元素混合的LG01岩性基因在遗传性与继承性方面基本相似,但LG03基因相对于LG01基因更稳定。采用酸性相似度20%和80%作为划分类基性成分、类中性成分和类酸性成分的标准时,发现LG03和LG01岩性基因在成分分类与物源示踪等方面也基本相似。在物源示踪方面LG03基因相对于LG01基因更稳定;在成分分类方面当二者划分结果不一致时应以LG01基因的酸性相似度划分结果为准,可进一步以LG03基因的划分结果加以约束。在风化、搬运与沉积过程中,地质样品的主量成分可能会受到风成沙、生物体等介质的加入而发生明显改变,进而导致LG01基因发生改变。但这些较单一成分物质的加入并不影响相对不活动微量元素之间的相互关系,从而可使LG03基因保持较好的稳定性。因此相对于LG01基因而言,LG03基因由于消除了受风成沙、生物体等介质的影响而可能具有更广泛的应用领域。 相似文献
12.
安山岩风化过程中元素行为——以豫西熊耳山地区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在风化过程中主量元素的风化行为可用风化指数来表征,但对在地球化学中更重要的微量元素的风化行为还缺少研究。本文研究了豫西熊耳山地区—安山岩风化剖面,发现花岗岩风化指数(WIG)也适用于安山岩风化过程的定量表征。基于上陆壳作标准绘制风化剖面样品稀土元素配分曲线时,发现风化过程稀土元素出现分馏现象,表现为富集中稀土;但基于球粒陨石作标准时,风化壳样品均具有相似的稀土配分曲线形态,即上陆壳是一种比球粒陨石更为敏感的稀土元素标准化标尺。牛头沟金矿区安山岩风化过程中部分微量表现出随风化程度增强而显著富集的特征,Au、Ag含量变化可达两个数量级以上,Pb、As、Hg可达一个数量级以上。 相似文献
13.
辽宁弓长岭铁矿二矿区条带状铁建造地球化学特征及成因探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以弓长岭铁矿二矿区磁铁石英岩、磁铁富矿和蚀变围岩样品为研究对象,进行了主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素和Fe同位素的测试。结果表明:磁铁石英岩主要由TFe2O3和SiO2组成,Al2O3和TiO2质量分数较低,微量元素质量分数和稀土元素质量分数均较低;经澳大利亚后太古界平均页岩(PAAS)标准化的稀土配分模式呈现出轻稀土亏损和重稀土富集,La、Eu和Y的正异常明显,Ce的异常不明显,Y/Ho值较高;富集Fe的重同位素,且与海底喷发热液经过氧化沉淀后的Fe同位素特征一致。磁铁富矿与磁铁石英岩的地球化学特征有很好的一致性和继承性,但磁铁富矿的REE和Eu质量分数较高,且较磁铁石英岩富集Fe的轻同位素,范围更大,与蚀变岩的Fe同位素组成相近。弓长岭铁矿的磁铁石英岩是陆源物质加入很少的古海洋化学沉积岩,为喷出的海底热液与海水的混合条件下氧化沉淀形成的。磁铁富矿推测为富Fe的轻同位素热液对磁铁石英岩进行改造,经过去硅富铁作用形成的。 相似文献
14.
在对采集到的27件碎屑岩主微量元素系统测试与分析的基础上,结合前人已有研究成果,对柴达木东北部晚古生代盆地构造环境及原型盆地类型进行讨论。研究表明:较大陆上地壳,柴达木东北部地区上古生界碎屑岩整体呈现SiO2含量富集、其余主量氧化物亏损的特点,稀土元素含量整体偏低,但与大陆上地壳具有极为类似的分配型式,微量元素中相容元素整体强烈亏损,大离子亲石元素中等亏损,高场强元素无亏损-弱亏损。主量元素、微量元素含量及特征比值显示,测试样品与被动大陆边缘砂岩具有极为接近的地球化学特点,并且显示出与其他构造环境沉积物地球化学特征差别极为明显的特点。相关构造环境及物源岩石组合判别图解同样表明：柴达木东北部地区晚古生代持续发育被动大陆边缘盆地,物源区岩石几乎不存在中基性物质的加入且以大陆上地壳中酸性岩类为主。在地球化学分析的基础上,结合前人对岩石学特征、沉积相类型与沉积对比、古流向以及锆石年代学的工作,综合认为,柴达木东北部地区晚古生代为一个向北倾斜的被动大陆边缘海盆,其物源区为加里东造山运动形成的柴北缘加里东期造山带,海侵来自宗务隆裂陷海槽且自北向南进行。 相似文献
15.
Arnaud Chiquet Fabrice Colin Bruno Hamelin Annie Michard Daniel Nahon 《Chemical Geology》2000,170(1-4):19-35
The chemical mass balance of calcrete genesis is studied on a typical sequence developed in granite, in the Toledo mountains, Central Spain.
Field evidence and petrographic observations indicate that the texture and the bulk volume of the parent rock are strictly preserved all along the studied calcrete profile.
Microscopic observations indicate that the calcitization process starts within the saprolite, superimposed on the usual mechanisms of granite weathering: the fresh rock is first weathered to secondary clays, mainly smectites, which are then pseudomorphically replaced by calcite. Based on this evidence, chemical mass transfers are calculated, assuming iso-volume transformation from the parent rock to the calcrete.
The mass balance results show the increasing loss of matter due to weathering of the primary phases, from the saprolite towards the calcrete layers higher in the sequence. Zr, Ti or Th, which are classically considered as immobile during weathering, are also depleted along the profile, especially in the calcrete layer. This results from the prevailing highly alkaline conditions, which could account for the simultaneous precipitation of CaCO3 and silicate dissolution.
The calculated budget suggests that the elements exported from the weathering profile are provided dominantly by the weathering of plagioclase and biotite. We calculate that 8–42% of the original Ca remains in granitic relics, while only 15% of the authigenic Ca released by weathering is reincorporated in the calcite. This suggests that 373 kg/m2 of calcium (i.e., three times the original amount) is imported into the calcrete from allochtonous sources, probably due to aeolian transport from distant limestone formations. 相似文献
16.
埃迪卡拉纪-寒武纪重要地质历史转折时期全球多陆块广泛沉积硅质岩.塔里木盆地西北缘下寒武统玉尔吐斯组底部所发育的薄层状硅质岩,以富含残余颗粒、磷质结核和重晶石结核而显得非常特殊和罕见,明显有别于国内外报道的常规硅质岩.为了揭示该套硅质岩的成因及沉积模式,通过剖面测量（库勒剖面）、薄片鉴定、SEM观察、能谱探针、主微量元素特征、氧硅同位素分布等岩石学-地球化学分析方法,认为玉尔吐斯组硅质岩垂向上共分5小段,其主要矿物是石英、白云石,自生矿物主要有重晶石、方沸石、黄铁矿等,不同硅质岩段微观结构显示出十分明显的组构变化,包含残余颗粒结构、残余晶粒结构、隐晶质结构和微晶结构.所测剖面硅质岩沉积于靠近大陆/古隆起的高盐度浅海陆架（高Al2O3/（Al2O3+Fe2O3）比值,高MgO/Al2O3比值）,其陆源碎屑主要来自大陆地壳或基底花岗岩的风化产物,并且受到SiO2的稀释作用影响（Th/Ti与Al/Ti关系）.氧化还原敏感元素（如Ba、V、Ni、Cu、Zn、U等）不同程度的富集及氧化还原指标（V/Cr介于0.81~8.34）特征表明硅质岩段沉积早期处于氧化环境,水体能量较强,显微镜下见圆度较好的内碎屑颗粒、微生物席碎片;中晚期经历了水体循环不畅的有氧/缺氧分层环境（Ce/Ce*负异常）,显微镜下微生物球粒、粪球粒、浮游藻（粘结）团块发育,有机质含量较高（TOC可达2%以上）.稀土元素特征（低∑REE、中等Ce负异常、显著的Y正异常和Eu正异常）以及δ30Si和δ18O值分布范围暗示硅质岩地球化学特征主要继承自热液流体和海水,受陆源碎屑影响较弱.自近台内裂陷中心上升的富含多金属的富硅热液以及陆源碎屑提供大量营养,为微生物大繁盛和硅质的富集成矿奠定物质基础.水体中硅的溶解度降低（温度降低、pH降低和水体盐度升高）促使硅质胶体颗粒化学沉淀,而微生物（特别是嗜热微生物）的新陈代谢活动往往加速了这一过程. 相似文献
17.
运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年获得库鲁塔格西山口地区北塞纳尔塔格组蚀变流纹岩的形成时代为841.0±1.4Ma（MSWD=0.42）, 蚀变流纹岩的发现指示塔里木北缘新元古代中期除发育大量的侵入岩外还存在火山活动。地球化学特征分析表明, 岩石富集Rb、 Ba、 K等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素, 明显亏损Nb、 Ta、 P、 Ti等高场强元素。此外岩石富集Sr、 强烈亏损Y和Yb, 高的Sr/Y（>40）和（La/Yb）N（>40）比值的特征与埃达克岩类似。蚀变流纹岩Hf同位素值εHf（t）=-29～-9, Hf的二阶段模式年龄TDM2=3.43～2.24Ga, 结合岩石较低的Mg#、 Eu正异常以及强烈亏损重稀土元素的特征表明,其可能源于加厚古老基性下地壳的部分熔融。此外蚀变流纹岩低的锆石饱和温度TZr=761℃～768℃,表明源区发生部分熔融时存在外来流体的加入。结合已有区域地质资料, 初步认为蚀变流纹岩形成与塔里木北缘新元古代早、 中期洋—陆俯冲碰撞作用有关。 相似文献
18.
夏家店金矿床位于南秦岭造山带内,是一个受构造和地层控制的大型金矿床,矿石类型为角砾岩型、碎裂岩型和石英脉型3种类型,赋矿围岩主要为寒武系水沟口组的炭泥质板岩、炭硅质板岩、硅质岩及白云岩,次为泥盆系西岔河组的角砾岩。本文对夏家店金矿床中矿石（角砾状炭硅质板岩、碎裂硅化白云岩、碎裂炭泥质板岩和石英脉状矿化的硅质岩）和围岩（硅质岩、硅化白云岩和硅质板岩）的微量元素、铂族元素（PGE）质量分数进行测试,进而探讨成矿物质来源以及矿床成因。结果表明：不同类型的矿石与其各自的围岩具有高度的相似性,均富集Sr、Ga、Zr等元素;不同类型的矿石稀土总量均高于各类围岩,但是两者具有相似的稀土配分模式,轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,均表现出负Eu异常（δEu值为0.51~0.63）;不同类型的矿石PGE总量（7.71×10-9~38.30×10-9,平均值23.00×10-9）均明显大于各类围岩PGE总量（1.28×10-9~2.44×10-9,平均值1.86×10-9）,相比上地壳,不同类型的矿石均明显富集Os、Ir、Pt和Pd,亏损Ru、Rh,而各类围岩均富集Os,亏损Pt、Ru、Rh、Pd,但两者的铂族元素配分曲线具有高度相似性,呈Ru亏损的V型,为地壳的（Os）-Pt-Pd型配分模式。以上特征表明不同类型的矿石和围岩具有明显的微量、稀土元素和PGE地球化学继承性,暗示夏家店下寒武统有可能是重要的矿源层之一。同时,所有矿石和围岩的Au/Ir值（分别为4 821~299 666）和406~8 050）及Pd/Ir值（分别为16.9~588.0和15.2~47.5）变化范围均较大,两者Au/Ir值远高于炭质球粒陨石和原始地幔值、Pd/Ir值远高于岩浆成因矿石值,且夏家店金矿床矿石和围岩的PGE配分曲线与典型热液成因矿床一致。这些特征显示夏家店金矿床具有明显的热液成因,是构造-热液流体成矿作用的产物。 相似文献
19.
Redistribution and fractionation of rare-earth and other elements in a weathering profile 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
Lan R. Duddy 《Chemical Geology》1980,30(4):363-381
A weathering profile on a uniform Lower Cretaceous volcanogenic sandstone from southern Victoria, Australia is enriched in rare-earth elements (REE), Y and other elements including Ba, Sr and Rb. Enrichments of REE of up to 7 times parent-rock values are associated with Fe-leached members of alteration couplets with little or no enrichment in adjacent Fe-rich members. These alteration couplets are similar in appearance to Liesegang banding. The REE have been fractionated during accumulation, leading to relative enrichment of the light rare earths (LREE).
The formation of an alteration couplet from fresh rock at the weathering front involves redistribution of only Fe (and P) and does not involve redistribution of REE, Y. Ba, Sr and Rb. Breakdown of original minerals in the present soil and degradation of vermiculite in the upper part of the weathering profile releases RE and related elements into solution. This solution moves down and along the profile until it comes into contact with neutral to alkaline conditions at the narrow weathering front. Here REE particularly are absorbed and apparently fixed in vermiculite forming at the expense of biotite and chlorite. (La + Ce + Nd + Y) up to 10.1 wt.% is recorded in degraded biotite grains with similar but lower contents in the degraded diagenetic chlorite cement.
Such accumulation and fractionation have important implications for REE studies involving sedimentary rocks or for that matter outcrop samples of any rock type. 相似文献
20.
发育完整的灰岩风化壳及其矿物学和地球化学特征 总被引：25，自引：5，他引：20
对于碳酸盐岩土覆土壤成因、尽管碳酸盐岩风化残积成土说被多数学者认同,但由于碳酸盐岩中酸不溶物含量极低,在风化成土过程中会伴随着巨大的体积缩小变化,原岩结构和半风化带无法保留,从而缺失了探索上覆土壤物质来源的重要中间环节,使得这种观点缺乏野外宏观证据的支持。最近,我们在贵州、湖南等地发现了数个以泥质灰岩和泥质白云岩为基岩的碳酸盐岩风化壳剖面,尚保留有较好的原岩结构,具有明显的风化壳分带和过渡现象。这些风化壳剖面的发现为深入研究碳酸盐岩风化成土过程提供了良好的研究场所。本文选取了较为典型的吉首泥灰岩风化壳剖面,从矿物学地球化学的角度来探讨碳酸盐岩风化壳的形成过程和发育特征,结果表明该风化壳既遵循非碳酸盐岩（主要是结晶岩类）风化壳的发育特征,也具有自己独特的地球化学演化规律。风化壳总体特点受碳酸盐中的酸不溶物矿物组合及化学成分的影响甚至控制,风化非碳酸盐风壳相似的发育特征。吉首泥灰岩风化壳剖面的发育特征和作者早先提出 的碳酸盐岩风化成土的两阶段模式是一致的,即以碳酸盐矿物大量淋失、酸不溶物逐渐堆积或残积为特征的早期阶段和残积物进一步风化成土的阶段,后一阶段的演化类似非碳酸盐岩类的风化过程。 相似文献