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1.
1954年以来珠穆朗玛峰地区两支冰芯记录的对比分析 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
根据珠穆朗玛峰(以下简称珠峰)地区远东绒布冰川和东绒布冰川两支冰芯记录的恢复,1954年以来的冰川净积累量相差达1倍以上,但两支冰芯记录均表明:20世纪60年代冰川净积累量出现急剧减少现象,印度季风系统的突变可能是造成冰川净积累量变化的主要原因.两支冰芯δ18O剖面的总体变化趋势基本相同,但研究时段内远东绒布冰芯的δ18O平均值比东绒布冰芯的相应值低3.12‰,其原因有待进一步研究.两支冰芯的主要离子浓度剖面之间也存在较明显的差异,沉积后过程是导致这一差异的原因所在. 相似文献
2.
通过念青唐古拉峰拉弄冰川垭口处(30°24'30″N, 90°34'12″E;海拔5850m)长度为29.5m的冰芯记录,恢复了1952~1998年间大气降水δD和净积累量的时间变化序列。上述两组序列与NCEP/NCAR气候资料的相关分析表明:δD和净积累量与中亚冬季的气压、南亚和青藏高原冬季、夏季的位势高度关系密切。中亚地区冬季气压的升高以及冬、夏季南亚和青藏高原位势高度的异常增强了印度夏季风,导致了念青唐古拉峰地区20世纪80年代以来降水量的增多和降水中δD值的降低。根据念青唐古拉冰芯δD和净积累量记录及其与亚洲地区大气环流的关系,可以通过青藏高原南部较长的冰芯记录来恢复过去该地区大气环流变化的历史。 相似文献
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4.
近200 a来珠穆朗玛峰北坡远东绒布冰芯气候记录 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
１９９９年５月中美联合珠穆朗玛峰地区绒布冰川考察期间,在远东绒布冰川海拔６５００ｍ的北支冰流粒雪盆内钻取到一支４１ｍ长冰芯,通过数年层法并根据β活化度的参照年（１９５４年和１９６３年）,对远东绒布冰芯实施定年,冰芯底部为１８１４年,冰芯年平均净积累量为２２４ｍｍ（冰当量）。根据远东绒布冰芯δ＾１８Ｏ的变化,重建了珠穆良玛峰北坡地区近２００ａ气候变化,发现有５次冷期和５次暖期,且总趋势为变暖,这与本 相似文献
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6.
通过青藏高原可可西里马兰冰芯记录,重建了 1887～1998年时期的净积累量变化,揭示出在研究时段内其变化呈弱的上升趋势。谱分析结果表明,马兰冰芯净积累量变化存在10.8a的显著周期。这表明太阳黑子活动对马兰冰芯净积累量变化存在一定的影响。统计分析发现,在20世纪80年代中期之前马兰冰芯净积累量变化与太阳黑子相对数变化之间存在显著的负相关关系,而在20世纪80年代中期之后却呈正相关关系。 相似文献
7.
中国年降水量的时空变化特征及其与东亚夏季风的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用中国1951～2010年652站年降水资料和7种东亚夏季风和1种冬季风指数,通过多项数学统计诊断分析,来研究中国年降水量的时空变化特征及其与东亚夏季风指数的关系.结果表明,这60年间全国总平均年降水量未呈现显著的时间变化趋势,但区域间的差异大.聚类分析可提供较客观的降水分区,据554站无缺测降水资料的聚类结果,将全国分成14个主要降水区,各区之间降水变化的差异显著.由7种夏季风指数与14个区的平均年降水量(1951～2010年)的相关系数可见,其中4种夏季风指数与14个区的年降水量之间没有显著相关,有3种指数只与14区中的2～3个区有显著负相关,它们并不能指示其他区域的或整个中国东部的降水变化.中国东部地区的夏季降水分布与东亚夏季风强度变化关系十分复杂,不能仅由降水的多少来认定夏季风的强弱,更不能用任意单个地点的降水记录来表示整个中国东部的干湿状况和夏季风的强度变化. 相似文献
8.
本文通过对青藏高原上所钻取的古里雅冰芯和青海都兰树轮高分辨率气候变化记录的对比,分析了过去近2 000a来的气候变化特征.结果表明:1)这两个地区过去2 000a来温度都在波动中逐渐上升,展示了气候逐渐变暖的趋势.进入20世纪以来,气候显著变暖,并有加速变暖的趋势;2)树轮和冰芯均明显地记录了小冰期的3次冷期,其出现的时间基本上一致.小冰期并不是过去2 000a来的最寒冷的时期.冰芯和树轮记录均表明公元初的寒冷程度要大于小冰期;3)古里雅冰芯所记录的温度和降水量揭示出,过去近2 000a来的降水和温度变化的总趋势是正相关关系;但在短时间尺度上,温度和降水的变化并不同步.这主要表现在两个方面,一是温度长期变化中的低频波动频率要大于降水,二是虽然温度和降水的变化在百年级时间尺度上有正相关性,但降水的变化要滞后于温度变化50～100a;4)同时周期分析表明,古里雅冰芯中的δ180和积累量以及都兰树轮记录的变化周期大多数与太阳活动有关,表明青藏高原地区冷、暖、干、湿变化的主要驱动力可能是太阳活动的变化;5)对这两记录的对比研究也揭示了气候变化的区域差异.如中世纪暖期在都兰树轮记录中很强而在古里雅冰芯记录中很弱,而都兰树轮记录中,中世纪暖期以后至1 800A.D.在波动中变冷,但在古里雅冰芯记录中这一时期在波动中变暖. 相似文献
9.
祁连山敦德冰芯氧同位素剖面的古气候信息探究 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
冰芯δ~（１８）Ｏ剖面的古气候研究一直是基于大气降水同位素组成的温度效应，即冰芯δ~（１８）Ｏ值与气温呈正相关关系。我国大气降水的同位素组成研究结果表明，在亚洲季风区，由于夏季风带来贫重同位素的暖湿气团，使得季风气候区夏季雨水的δｓ值低于冬季的δｗ值，δｓ－δｗ＜０，正好和温度效应预测的相反。因此，我国季风气候区冰芯的δ~（１８）Ｏ曲线主要反映古季风的盛衰进退，即冰芯的低δ~（１８）Ｏ值对应的是夏季风盛行，气候转暖，降水量增加，夏季风前锋北移；冰芯的高δ~（１８）Ｏ值则对应夏季风强度减弱，气候转冷，降水量减少，夏季风前锋南移。用上述季风气候模式解释敦德冰芯的百年、千年、万年三个不同时间尺度的δ~（１８）Ｏ剖面，所得结果与已知的全新世古气候事件吻合。根据敦德冰芯δ~（１８）Ｏ剖面提供的古气候信息，全新世大致可分成三段四期：１０６００－７１００ａＢ．Ｐ．为早全新世，与末次冰期相比，夏季风逐渐增强，气候转暖；７１００－４０００ａＢ．Ｐ．为中全新世的前期，夏季风盛行，气候暖湿；４０００－１７００ａＢ．Ｐ．为中全新世的后期，此时夏季风退缩，气候偏干冷；１７００ａＢ．Ｐ．至今为晚全新世，其间１７００－７００ａＢ．Ｐ．夏季风强度 相似文献
10.
本文重建了近500年来喜马拉雅山中段达索普冰芯中尘埃浓度与尘埃沉积通量的变化历史,谱分析结果表明它们的变化均存在较显著的12.3年、9.8年、7.4年、6.1年和5.3年周期.该冰芯中尘埃含量与净积累量之间不存在任何相关性,说明其尘埃可能主要来源于上风方向的远源地区.基于后向轨迹法,并结合该地区附近已有的气溶胶研究结果,认为西、南亚甚至北非地区可能是该冰芯中尘埃物质的主要源区.近500年来达索普冰芯中尘埃沉积通量的增加趋势,反映了其源区干旱程度的加重趋势. 相似文献
11.
India Peninsula and East Asia are high aerosol loading regions as well as major regions influenced by Asian monsoon. The changes of monsoon intensity and precipitation have great influence on economy, especially agricultural production of monsoon regions. There are many researches of impacts of aerosol on Indian monsoon, which have achieved many comprehensive progresses. Earlier researches show that atmospheric brown cloud caused negative radiative forcing and weakened the warming induced by greenhouse gases. Current researches show that absorbing aerosol enhanced the Indian monsoon and increased rainfall in pre-monsoon season, while the scattering effect of aerosol weakened the Indian summer monsoon and the East Asian summer monsoon and rainfall in monsoon season. Due to so many factors affecting the monsoon, researches of aerosol impacts on monsoon become more complex. Thus, these results remain uncertain. This paper reviews previous researches and generalizes the mechanisms of impacts of aerosols on Asian monsoon. By comparing the East Asian summer monsoon with the Indian summer monsoon, we discussed deficiencies of the prior researches, and pointed out the direction for future researches about the impact of aerosol on the Asian summer monsoon, especially on the East Asian summer monsoon. 相似文献
12.
Yongqin LIU Tandong YAO Nianzhi JIAO Shichang KANG Yonghui ZENG Xiaobo LIU 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2009,3(1):80-90
Snow bacterial abundance and diversity at the Guoqu Glacier and the East Rongbuk Glacier located in the central and southern
Tibetan Plateau were investigated using a 16S rRNA gene clone library and flow cytometry approach. Bacterial abundance was
observed to show seasonal variation, with different patterns, at the two glaciers. High bacterial abundance occurs during
the monsoon season at the East Rongbuk Glacier and during the non-monsoon season at the Guoqu Glacier. Seasonal variation
in abundance is caused by the snow bacterial growth at the East Rongbuk Glacier, but by bacterial input from the dust at the
Guoqu Glacier. Under the influence of various atmospheric circulations and temperature, bacterial diversity varies seasonally
at different degrees. Seasonal variation in bacterial diversity is more distinct at the Guoqu Glacier than at the East Rongbuk
Glacier. Bacterial diversity at the two glaciers exhibits different responses to various environmental conditions. More bacteria
at the Guoqu Glacier are connected with those from a soil environment, while more bacteria affiliated with a marine environment
occur at the East Rongbuk Glacier. 相似文献
13.
On the impacts of ENSO and Indian Ocean dipole events on sub-regional Indian summer monsoon rainfall 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The relative impacts of the ENSO and Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) events on Indian summer (June–September) monsoon rainfall at
sub-regional scales have been examined in this study. GISST datasets from 1958 to 1998, along with Willmott and Matsuura gridded
rainfall data, all India summer monsoon rainfall data, and homogeneous and sub-regional Indian rainfall datasets were used.
The spatial distribution of partial correlations between the IOD and summer rainfall over India indicates a significant impact
on rainfall along the monsoon trough regions, parts of the southwest coastal regions of India, and also over Pakistan, Afghanistan,
and Iran. ENSO events have a wider impact, although opposite in nature over the monsoon trough region to that of IOD events.
The ENSO (IOD) index is negatively (positively) correlated (significant at the 95% confidence level from a two-tailed Student
t-test) with summer monsoon rainfall over seven (four) of the eight homogeneous rainfall zones of India. During summer, ENSO
events also cause drought over northern Sri Lanka, whereas the IOD events cause surplus rainfall in its south. On monthly
scales, the ENSO and IOD events have significant impacts on many parts of India. In general, the magnitude of ENSO-related
correlations is greater than those related to the IOD. The monthly-stratified IOD variability during each of the months from
July to September has a significant impact on Indian summer monsoon rainfall variability over different parts of India, confirming
that strong IOD events indeed affect the Indian summer monsoon.
相似文献
| Karumuri AshokEmail: |
14.
Objective analysis of daily rainfall at the resolution of 1° grid for the Indian monsoon region has been carried out merging
dense land rainfall observations and INSAT derived precipitation estimates. This daily analysis, being based on high dense
rain gauge observations was found to be very realistic and able to reproduce detailed features of Indian summer monsoon. The
inter-comparison with the observations suggests that the new analysis could distinctly capture characteristic features of
the summer monsoon such as north-south oriented belt of heavy rainfall along the Western Ghats with sharp gradient of rainfall
between the west coast heavy rain region and the rain shadow region to the east, pockets of heavy rainfall along the location
of monsoon trough/low, over the east central parts of the country, over north-east India, along the foothills of Himalayas
and over the north Bay of Bengal. When this product was used to assess the quality of other available standard climate products
(CMAP and ECMWF reanalysis) at the gird resolution of 2.5°, it was found that the orographic heavy rainfall along Western
Ghats of India was poorly identified by them. However, the GPCC analysis (gauge only) at the resolution of 1° grid closely
discerns the new analysis. This suggests that there is a need for a higher resolution analysis with adequate rain gauge observations
to retain important aspects of the summer monsoon over India. The case studies illustrated show that the daily analysis is
able to capture large-scale as well as mesoscale features of monsoon precipitation systems. This study with data of two seasons
(2001 and 2003) has shown sufficiently promising results for operational application, particularly for the validation of NWP
models. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了一个耦合模式FGOALS_g1.0对工业革命前气候(0ka)和中全新世时期(6ka)亚洲夏季风的模拟结果。在该研究中我们主要分析季风降水变率较大的区域,即东亚夏季风区(20°～45°N,110°～120°E)和印度夏季风区(10°～30°N,70°～80°E)。尽管耦合模式的普遍偏差依然存在,该模式反映出亚洲季风系统是海陆热力性质差异的结果,并较好地模拟出了0ka亚洲夏季风大尺度环流的特点和季节变化的特征。6ka和0ka比较分析的结果表明,6ka时期欧亚大陆增暖,海陆温度梯度加强; 印度夏季风降水从南亚大陆北移到 30°N 附近,位于青藏高原南侧的降水大值中心降水加强; 东亚季风区降水则表现为华北地区减少,长江流域和华南地区降水增加的特点。但合理地模拟季风爆发仍然是耦合气候系统模式的难点之一。
6ka时期亚洲夏季风变化是和大尺度季风环流的变化联系在一起的,而其根本原因是中全新世时期地球轨道参数变化所引起的太阳辐射变化,北半球季节循环的振幅加强。海陆热力性质的差异所导致海陆温差加大使得北半球的季风环流加强,印度夏季风高空东风在 20°～30°N 加强,低层赤道东风加强,跨赤道后的西南气流向北推移,从而使得印度夏季风降水雨带北移到 30°N 附近。东亚季风区的高低空温度场的配置使得副热带高空急流减弱,位置偏南,从而有利于华北地区的高空出现异常的辐合,中层为异常的辐散,抑制了季风降水的发展; 长江流域和华南地区则相反,季风降水降水加强。 相似文献
6ka时期亚洲夏季风变化是和大尺度季风环流的变化联系在一起的,而其根本原因是中全新世时期地球轨道参数变化所引起的太阳辐射变化,北半球季节循环的振幅加强。海陆热力性质的差异所导致海陆温差加大使得北半球的季风环流加强,印度夏季风高空东风在 20°～30°N 加强,低层赤道东风加强,跨赤道后的西南气流向北推移,从而使得印度夏季风降水雨带北移到 30°N 附近。东亚季风区的高低空温度场的配置使得副热带高空急流减弱,位置偏南,从而有利于华北地区的高空出现异常的辐合,中层为异常的辐散,抑制了季风降水的发展; 长江流域和华南地区则相反,季风降水降水加强。 相似文献
16.
Although previous literature have considered Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), Indian Dipole, and SST as the major teleconnection patterns to explain the variability of summer monsoon rainfall over India. South Asia low pressure and Indian Ocean high are the centers of action that dominates atmospheric circulations in Indian continent. This paper examines the possible impact of South Asian low pressure distribution on the variability of summer monsoon rainfall of India using centers of action approach. Our analysis demonstrates that the explanation of summer monsoon rainfall variability over Central India is improved significantly if the SOI is replaced by South Asian low heat. This contribution also explains the physical mechanisms to establish the relationships between the South Asian low heat and regional climate by examining composite maps of large-scale circulation fields using NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data. 相似文献
17.
Sea-breeze-initiated rainfall over the east coast of India during the Indian southwest monsoon 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Matthew Simpson Hari Warrior Sethu Raman P. A. Aswathanarayana U. C. Mohanty R. Suresh 《Natural Hazards》2007,42(2):401-413
Sea-breeze-initiated convection and precipitation have been investigated along the east coast of India during the Indian southwest
monsoon season. Sea-breeze circulation was observed on approximately 70–80% of days during the summer months (June–August)
along the Chennai coast. Average sea-breeze wind speeds are greater at rural locations than in the urban region of Chennai.
Sea-breeze circulation was shown to be the dominant mechanism initiating rainfall during the Indian southwest monsoon season.
Approximately 80% of the total rainfall observed during the southwest monsoon over Chennai is directly related to convection
initiated by sea-breeze circulation. 相似文献
18.
《Quaternary Science Reviews》2007,26(1-2):170-188
High-resolution oxygen isotope (δ18O) profiles of Holocene stalagmites from four caves in Northern and Southern Oman and Yemen (Socotra) provide detailed information on fluctuations in precipitation along a latitudinal transect from 12°N to 23°N. δ18O values reflect the amount of precipitation which is primarily controlled by the mean latitudinal position of the ITCZ and dynamics of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). During the early Holocene rapidly decreasing δ18O values indicate a rapid northward displacement in the mean latitudinal position of the summer ITCZ and the associated ISM rainfall belt, with decadal- to centennial-scale changes in monsoon precipitation correlating well with high-latitude temperature variations recorded in Greenland ice cores. During the middle to late Holocene the summer ITCZ continuously migrated southward and monsoon precipitation decreased gradually in response to decreasing solar insolation, a trend, which is also recorded in other monsoon records from the Indian and East Asian monsoon domains. Importantly, there is no evidence for an abrupt middle Holocene weakening in monsoon precipitation. Although abrupt monsoon events are apparent in all monsoon records, they are short-lived and clearly superimposed on the long-term trend of decreasing monsoon precipitation. For the late Holocene there is an anti-correlation between ISM precipitation in Oman and inter-monsoon (spring/autumn) precipitation on Socotra, revealing a possible long-term change in the duration of the summer monsoon season since at least 4.5 ka BP. Together with the progressive shortening of the ISM season, gradual southward retreat of the mean summer ITCZ and weakening of the ISM, the total amount of precipitation decreased in those areas located at the northern fringe of the Indian and Asian monsoon domains, but increased in areas closer to the equator. 相似文献