共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
This short paper describes the use of Excel spreadsheet Solver facility for deriving estimates in a solute mixing model equation with more than one unknown. 相似文献
2.
S. J. Timms N. M. Lynn M. E. Mount Y. Sivintsev J. M. Warden 《Marine pollution bulletin》1997,35(7-12):365-373
In progressing its work for the International Arctic Seas Assessment Project (IASAP), under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the Source Term Working Group has developed a FORTRAN model to predict a radiation release profile into the Kara Sea from reactor fuel and activated components of the nuclear icebreaker Lenin. The model accounts for the degradation of containment materials through corrosion and other mechanisms, and predicts annual release rates to 4500 years into the future. Version I of the model was developed as a spreadsheet program from the original data gathered by the Working Group and the results were published by Timms et al. (1994); revised information on the method of disposal necessitated a change to the program, which is presented in this paper as Version II. The model is being applied to other marine reactors dumped in the Kara Sea in a programme of work for the IASAP aimed at assessing the collective release profile from all significant dump sites in this region. 相似文献
3.
The fully automated objective-based method for master recession curve (MRC) separation was developed by using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) code. The core of the program code is used to construct an MRC by using the adapted matching strip method (Posavec et al. 2006). Criteria for separating the MRC into two or three segments are determined from the flow-duration curve and are represented as the probable range of percent of flow rate duration. Successive separations are performed automatically on two and three MRCs using sets of percent of flow rate duration from selected ranges and an optimal separation model scenario, having the highest average coefficient of determination R2, is selected as the most appropriate one. The resulting separated master recession curves are presented graphically, whereas the statistics are presented numerically, all in separate sheets. Examples of field data obtained from two springs in Istria, Croatia, are used to illustrate its application. The freely available Excel spreadsheet and VBA program ensures the ease of use and applicability for larger data sets. 相似文献
4.
This paper presents a new semi‐analytical solution for a slug test in a well partially penetrating a confined aquifer, accounting for the skin effect. This solution is developed based on the solution for a constant‐flux pumping test and a formula given by Peres and co‐workers in 1989. The solution agrees with that of Cooper and co‐workers and the KGS model when the well is fully penetrating. The present solution can be applied to simulate the temporal and spatial head distributions in both the skin and formation zones. It can also be used to demonstrate the influences of skin type or skin thickness on the well water level and to estimate the hydraulic parameters of the skin and formation zones using a least‐squares approach. The results of this study indicate that the determination of hydraulic conductivity using a conventional slug‐test data analysis that neglects the presence of a skin zone will give an incorrect result if the aquifer has a skin zone. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
Fluvial sediments of the middle Atbara River Valley, eastern Sudan, contain abundant vertebrate fossils and stone tools. Previous work described two sedimentary units, the Butana Bridge Synthem (BBS) and the Khashm El Girba Synthem (KGS), with three divisions each (BBS1-3 and KGS1-3, from bottom to top, respectively). 230Th/U dating on bivalve shells suggested an age of ∼126 and ∼92 ka for the basal KGS2 and basal KGS3, respectively, and mammalian biochronology in combination with magnetostratigraphy suggested an age of late Early to early Middle Pleistocene for the underlying BBS. To establish a detailed chronology of this fluvial sedimentary sequence, we collected 17 luminescence samples from both sides of the Atbara River close to the Butana Bridge. Quartz OSL dating was applied to samples from the upper part of the profile (upper KGS2 and KGS3), but the signal reached saturation within the upper ∼10 m of the sequence. To select a suitable feldspar signal to date older samples beyond the limit of the quartz OSL, a comparison of the quartz OSL, feldspar post-IR IRSL at 225 and 290 °C, and pulsed IRSL signal at 50 °C was conducted for a sample from KGS3. The result showed that only the fading corrected pulsed IRSL yielded an age consistent with the quartz OSL, and the post-IR IRSL signals (both at 225 and 290 °C) overestimated the quartz age significantly. We therefore selected the pulsed IRSL signal to date the older deposits. The luminescence ages indicate that the entire BBS - KGS sequence was deposited between 224 ± 23 ka and <17 ± 1 ka, corresponding to marine isotope stages (MIS) 7–2, significantly revising previous conclusions. 相似文献
6.
Alparslan Arikan 《Ground water》1988,26(2):222-227
Abstract. WATEQB is a BASICA revision for IBM PC of WATEQF, a geochemical model for chemical equilibrium and saturation of natural waters. This model computes the speciation of inorganic ions and complex species in solution for a given water analysis.
WATEQB is identical to the FORTRAN IV version from the standpoint of chemical process; however, the structure of the program differs from the original version. The structure of the program is not complex and allows the user to try some new modifications, if necessary.
Due to the limited memory of personal computers and in contrast to the large volume of the original version of the program, the author has created four data files, one of which is of random access type. Reading the thermochemical data is possible through these four data files.
This paper demonstrates how to set up the input data to execute WATEQB and describes the program rather than the model. The users of WATEQB will increase as personal computers become more common. 相似文献
WATEQB is identical to the FORTRAN IV version from the standpoint of chemical process; however, the structure of the program differs from the original version. The structure of the program is not complex and allows the user to try some new modifications, if necessary.
Due to the limited memory of personal computers and in contrast to the large volume of the original version of the program, the author has created four data files, one of which is of random access type. Reading the thermochemical data is possible through these four data files.
This paper demonstrates how to set up the input data to execute WATEQB and describes the program rather than the model. The users of WATEQB will increase as personal computers become more common. 相似文献
7.
Method and Excel VBA Algorithm for Modeling Master Recession Curve Using Trigonometry Approach 
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下载免费PDF全文 A new method was developed and implemented into an Excel Visual Basic for Applications (VBAs) algorithm utilizing trigonometry laws in an innovative way to overlap recession segments of time series and create master recession curves (MRCs). Based on a trigonometry approach, the algorithm horizontally translates succeeding recession segments of time series, placing their vertex, that is, the highest recorded value of each recession segment, directly onto the appropriate connection line defined by measurement points of a preceding recession segment. The new method and algorithm continues the development of methods and algorithms for the generation of MRC, where the first published method was based on a multiple linear/nonlinear regression model approach (Posavec et al. 2006). The newly developed trigonometry‐based method was tested on real case study examples and compared with the previously published multiple linear/nonlinear regression model‐based method. The results show that in some cases, that is, for some time series, the trigonometry‐based method creates narrower overlaps of the recession segments, resulting in higher coefficients of determination R2, while in other cases the multiple linear/nonlinear regression model‐based method remains superior. The Excel VBA algorithm for modeling MRC using the trigonometry approach is implemented into a spreadsheet tool (MRCTools v3.0 written by and available from Kristijan Posavec, Zagreb, Croatia) containing the previously published VBA algorithms for MRC generation and separation. All algorithms within the MRCTools v3.0 are open access and available free of charge, supporting the idea of running science on available, open, and free of charge software. 相似文献
8.
A hydrochemical facies evolution diagram (HFE‐D) is a multirectangular diagram, which is a useful tool in the interpretation of sea water intrusion processes. This method note describes a simple method for generating an HFE‐D plot using the spreadsheet software package, Microsoft Excel. The code was applied to groundwater from the alluvial coastal plain of Grosseto (Tuscany, Italy), which is characterized by a complex salinization process in which sea water mixes with sulfate or bicarbonate recharge water. 相似文献
9.
V. V. Boulion 《Water Resources》2017,44(6):820-830
Two versions of a mass-balance model, simulating biotic energy flow in aquatic ecosystems are given. The first (original) version was developed with the use of Stella software package. As this package is difficult to assess for users, the author proposed a model in Excel format, based on the same balance principle as that used in the original model. Both model versions are governed by a small number of input parameters and intended to forecast the biomass and annual production of primary producers, reducers, and consumers of different orders, including fishes. 相似文献
10.
This paper describes a point surface energy balance model which runs within the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet package. The study incorporates a large amount of previous energy balance work and presents it in a useable form. The core model calculates the net shortwave and longwave radiation fluxes, the turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes and the surface melt rate at a point on a melting ice or snow surface, from hourly inputs of incoming shortwave radiation, vapour pressure, air temperature and wind speed data. The latitude, longitude, slope angle, aspect, elevation, local temperature lapse rate, albedo and aerodynamic roughness of the study site, and the elevation of the meteorological station, can all be specified in the model. An output file containing the hourly and daily rates, and the totals of the energy fluxes is generated. The main advantages of the model are: first, that it requires only a PC or laptop computer running standard Microsoft Windows software, enabling it to be used at a desktop or in the field; and second, that it can be adapted quickly to different sites, meteorological data formats and other application requirements. Model calculations are compared with measured surface melt rates at five points on Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland, over a 115 day ablation period. Allowing for differences in shading between the meteorological station and the glacier, the root mean square error of the calculated melt rates is 2·0 mm day−1 water equivalent melt (mean error +1·2 mm day−1), for measured melt rates in the range 23 to 42 mm day−1 water equivalent melt. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
11.
A spreadsheet method of estimating best-fit hydraulic gradients using head data from multiple wells 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Devlin JF 《Ground water》2003,41(3):316-320
Hydraulic gradients from planar water tables, or piezometric surfaces, and horizontal flow regimes can be quickly and conveniently calculated from data sets involving numerous wells. The matrix-solving functions of a modem spreadsheet program (Excel) were used to determine the equation of a water-table plane, Ax + By + Cz - D = 0, and the equation coefficients were then used to determine the magnitude of the hydraulic gradient, according to gradient = square root of A2 + B2/C2, and its direction, according to alpha = arctan B/A, where alpha is the angle measured from the x-axis. A pre-prepared Excel file constructed to handle data from up to 20 wells at once is available for free downloading at www.geo.ku.edu/hydro/KUHydro.html. 相似文献
12.
The flow of ice sheets and their geomorphological impact is greatly influenced by their basal thermal regime. Calculations of basal temperatures in ice sheets are therefore fundamental in evaluating glacier dynamics and in determining the spatial distribution of zones of erosion and deposition beneath ice masses. Calculations of basal temperatures are not frequently attempted, however, primarily because of the techniques required to solve the heat conduction equation between the ice surface and the base. This paper describes a new Excel spreadsheet method of solving this equation that can readily be applied to both former and contemporary ice sheets. The application of the spreadsheet is illustrated with two examples. The first provides a calculation of basal thermal regime beneath the north eastern part of the Scottish ice sheet during the last glacial maximum; the second shows how basal ice temperatures can be calculated beneath the modern Antarctic ice sheet. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
A visual basic spreadsheet macro for recession curve analysis 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A Visual Basic program for an Excel spreadsheet was written to construct a master recession curve (MRC), using the adapted matching strip method, for recession analysis of ground water level time series. The program uses five different linear/nonlinear regression models to adjust individual recession segments to their proper positions in the MRC. The program can also be used to analyze the recession segments of other time series, such as daily stream discharge or stage. Some examples of field data from Croatia are used to illustrate the usefulness of its application. 相似文献
14.
Abstract. Geostatistics is a powerful tool for the analysis of hydrogeological data, but few well-documented computer programs for performing the necessary calculations have been presented in the technical literature. This is especially true for applications that require either three-dimensional or multivariate analyses. This paper describes a FORTRAN subroutine, VARIO, that can be used to compute experimental direct- and cross-semivariograms from a set of sample data, for any specified direction in one-, two-, or three-dimensional space. The subroutine combines into groups those sample pairs that fall within predetermined angular tolerances of the specified direction. The number of sample pairs used to compute the value of the experimental semivariogram at each value of separation can be specified in four different ways, depending on the nature of the available data. Written in FORTRAN 77, VARIO can be used on any computer that supports a FORTRAN 77 compiler. Source code listing, user instructions, and example input and output data for VARIO are presented. 相似文献
15.
High-resolution slug testing 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The hydraulic conductivity (K) variation has important ramifications for ground water flow and the transport of contaminants in ground water. The delineation of the nature of that variation can be critical to complete characterization of a site and the planning of effective and efficient remedial measures. Site-specific features (such as high-conductivity zones) need to be quantified. Our alluvial field site in the Kansas River valley exhibits spatial variability, very high conductivities, and nonlinear behavior for slug tests in the sand and gravel aquifer. High-resolution, multilevel slug tests have been performed in a number of wells that are fully screened. A general nonlinear model based on the Navier-Stokes equation, nonlinear frictional loss, non-Darcian flow, acceleration effects, radius changes in the wellbore, and a Hvorslev model for the aquifer has been used to analyze the data, employing an automated processing system that runs within the Excel spreadsheet program. It is concluded that slug tests can provide the necessary data to identify the nature of both horizontal and vertical K variation in an aquifer and that improved delineation or higher resolution of K structure is possible with shorter test intervals. The gradation into zones of higher conductivity is sharper than seen previously, and the maximum conductivity observed is greater than previously measured. However, data from this project indicate that well development, the presence of fines, and the antecedent history of the well are important interrelated factors in regard to slug-test response and can prevent obtaining consistent results in some cases. 相似文献
16.
Stephen P. Garabedian 《Ground water》2013,51(6):927-934
A new steady‐state analytical solution to the two‐dimensional radial‐flow equation was developed for drawdown (head) conditions in an aquifer with constant transmissivity, no‐flow conditions at the top and bottom, constant head conditions at a known radial distance, and a partially completed pumping well. The solution was evaluated for accuracy by comparison to numerical simulations using MODFLOW. The solution was then used to estimate the rise of the salt water‐fresh water interface (upconing) that occurs under a pumping well, and to calculate the critical pumping rate at which the interface becomes unstable, allowing salt water to enter the pumping well. The analysis of salt water‐fresh water interface rise assumed no significant effect on upconing by recharge; this assumption was tested and supported using results from a new steady‐state analytical solution developed for recharge under two‐dimensional radial‐flow conditions. The upconing analysis results were evaluated for accuracy by comparison to those from numerical simulations using SEAWAT for salt water‐fresh water interface positions under mild pumping conditions. The results from the equation were also compared with those of a published numerical sharp‐interface model applied to a case on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. This comparison indicates that estimating the interface rise and maximum allowable pumping rate using the analytical method will likely be less conservative than the maximum allowable pumping rate and maximum stable interface rise from a numerical sharp‐interface model. 相似文献
17.
Geoff Goldrick 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1994,19(9):801-808
This paper describes an adaptation of the ‘leap-frog’ method of barometric altimetry which enables altimetric surveys to be undertaken by a single operator using a single barometer with no requirement for base stations. The method involves two readings at each station, the first bracketed by readings at the previous station, and the second bracketed by readings at the subsequent station. Linear interpolation is used to estimate what the readings would have been at each station at the time that readings were taken at the adjacent stations. Under suitable meteorological conditions errors are generally less than ±1 m, which is sufficiently accurate for a wide variety of geomorphological applications. The method has significant advantages in terms of cost and/or time over more accurate methods such as electronic distance measurement surveys or survey quality global positioning systems. The paper is accompanied by a Microsoft Excel template spreadsheet, BAROSURV.XLT, which converts temperature and pressure readings to relative elevations, and graphs the results. Notes on the use of BAROSURV.XLT are included in the ASCII text file BAROSURV.NOT. 相似文献
18.
19.
An Excel®‐Based Visualization Tool of Two‐Dimensional Soil Gas Concentration Profiles in Petroleum Vapor Intrusion 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 In this study, we present a petroleum vapor intrusion (PVI) tool implemented in Microsoft® Excel® using Visual Basic for Applications and integrated within a graphical interface. The latter helps users easily visualize two‐dimensional soil gas concentration profiles and indoor concentrations as a function of site‐specific conditions such as source strength and depth, biodegradation reaction rate constant, soil characteristics and building features. This tool is based on a two‐dimensional explicit analytical model that combines steady‐state diffusion‐dominated vapor transport in a homogeneous soil with a piecewise first‐order aerobic biodegradation model, in which rate is limited by oxygen availability. As recommended in the recently released United States Environmental Protection Agency's final PVI guidance, a sensitivity analysis and a simplified Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis are also included in the spreadsheet. 相似文献