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1.
Sonic detection and ranging (SODAR) systems are efficient and economical tool to probe the lower planetary boundary layer on a continuous basis. The lower atmospheric patterns (each depicting a different atmospheric condition) recorded by this system can prove to be extremely useful if classified and interpreted correctly. The manual identification of these SODAR patterns is a laborious task and requires considerable expertise. A connectionist system has already been developed by the authors to automate the process to some extent. In this letter, we enhance its generalization of performance, by incorporating feature extraction using the fast Fourier transform. The results are compared with that in earlier work to demonstrate its effectiveness. 相似文献
2.
《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(1):68-87
China is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world. Currently, the disaster prevention and relief mechanism in China is mainly based on single disaster types and is implemented by different ministries and divisions in single administrative regions. Subsequently, the available resources, including data, services, materials, and human resources, cannot be shared and used effectively. Based on the idea of an observation system of systems and a business system of systems, this paper presents an integrated framework for a Chinese National Disaster Reduction System of Systems (CNDRSS) to address this issue. The CNDRSS framework aims to achieve data sharing and collaboration among different disaster-related ministries/institutions by providing one-stop services for all phases of disaster management and linking together existing and planned disaster-related business systems and observation systems. The key technologies use federated databases and a web service to integrate multiple disaster management systems among different ministries/institutions and a sensor web to integrate airborne, space-borne, and in-situ observations through the web service. These event-driven focused-services connecting the various observations, processing, and mapping processes can meet the requirements for complex disaster-chain systems. 相似文献
3.
SiGOG: simulated GPS observation generator 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
4.
为了使G PS 的观测成果在实际中得到更好的应用,必须把 G PS 观测得到的WGS-84坐标转换成实际需要的国家大地坐标或地方独立坐标。本文利用 Excel软件的宏程序VBA进行编程,实现不同坐标系之间坐标的相互转换。并且例举了坐标转换的算例,实验表明：所编程序可以快捷、准确、可靠地解决不同坐标间的转换问题,能够满足实际工作的需要。 相似文献
5.
GPS／BDS组合定位综合利用两系统观测值进行定位解算,但GPS系统与北斗系统间存在着系统差异,为了保证组合定位时两系统间数据合理分配,需确定解算时两系统观测值间合理的权比。本文通过对几组不同先验权比时伪距单点定位结果比较选出的最佳权比与利用Helmert 方差分量估计方法求得的两个系统伪距单定位权比进行分析,结果表明, GPS／BDS组合定位时的合理的先验权比为1∶1,但在某些时间段内,其中一个系统的卫星数减少或数据质量不佳等情况时,这会导致该系统观测值在组合定位中的贡献率大大降低,此时就需要分段确定合理权比。 相似文献
6.
三频电离层延迟改正中多路径误差和观测噪声的削弱算法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
多频测距系统可以借助多频观测数据削弱电离层延迟的影响,但多频改正算法在改正电离层延迟项的同时会不同程度地放大多路径误差、观测噪声等伪距误差的影响。其中利用三频数据可以将电离层延迟改正至二阶项,也可以只改正至一阶项,分别称为三频二阶改正和三频一阶改正。首次推导了利用三频观测数据削弱伪距中多路径效应和观测噪声等误差的算法,使三频电离层延迟改正中伪距误差的影响大大减小。通过对三频实测数据的处理和分析验证了算法的有效性并给出了一些有益的结论和建议:在利用三频观测数据进行电离层改正时,首先改正伪距中的多路径误差和观测噪声,然后采用三频二阶改正算法将电离层延迟改正至二阶项,将有效提高伪距改正精度。如果不能有效削弱这些误差的影响,宜采用三频一阶改正或双频改正。 相似文献
7.
目前,全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)已进入以GPS、GLONASS、BDS、Galileo四系统为代表的多系统并存的时代,多系统多频率观测值的综合应用极大地提升了GNSS的服务能力. GNSS自身的数据质量是取得高精度结果的先决条件之一,也是多系统精密定位随机模型构建的关键. 为避免码分多址和频分多址机制不同的影响,本文采用几何无关和M-W组合方法,基于科廷大学实测零基线数据对四系统的载波相位单差残差序列对比分析,并利用高度角随机模型中的正弦模型和指数模型对载波相位观测值精度随高度角变化建模,获得适用于不同系统不同频率观测值的随机模型. 实验分析表明,单差残差序列随高度角变化情况在不同系统不同频率表现出不同特性;Galileo系统L1、L2观测值精度相当,均在0.9 mm左右,其他系统则表现出L2精度比L1精度更差的性质. 高度角加权模型拟合结果表明,正弦模型和指数模型对GPS和Galileo系统的L1、L2精度序列拟合一致性较好,而BDS系统使用正弦模型拟合效果略差,GLONASS系统则不适合采用正弦模型评估L2观测值精度. 相似文献
8.
首先介绍了GPS信号的特点和功率倒置阵的特点，说明在GPS抗干扰中功率倒置阵的实用性。在此基础上采用LMS算法计算功率倒置阵的权值并画出最优加权下的阵的方向图，表明在存在干扰情况下，功率倒置阵能自动在干扰方向形成方向图零陷，从而达到抑制干扰的目的。 相似文献
9.
A combination of GPS and GLONASS observations can offer improved reliability, availability and accuracy for precise point positioning (PPP). We present and analyze a combined GPS/GLONASS PPP model, including both functional and stochastic components. Numerical comparison and analysis are conducted with respect to PPP based on only GPS or GLONASS observations to demonstrate the benefits of the combined GPS/GLONASS PPP. The observation residuals are analyzed for more appropriate stochastic modeling for observations from different navigation systems. An analysis is also made using different precise orbit and clock products. The performance of the combined GPS/GLONASS PPP is assessed using both static and kinematic data. The results indicate that the convergence time can be significantly reduced with the addition of GLONASS data. The positioning accuracy, however, is not significantly improved by adding GLONASS data if there is a sufficient number of GPS satellites with good geometry. 相似文献
10.
针对测站观测环境变化对数据质量影响难以有效评估并削弱的问题,研究了一种可通用于各类卫星导航系统的多路径误差半天球格网点建模方法（multi-point hemispherical grid model,MHGM）。该方法能够综合利用不同GNSS（global navigation satellite system）系统的不同时期观测数据进行整体建模,显著削弱GNSS信号所受多路径误差影响,并图像化反演测站周围的多路径效应,确定信号干扰源的方位。算例的测试结果表明,在模拟的强多路径环境下,模型改正后模糊度固定时段的载波相位观测值残差的均方根误差（root mean square error,RMSE）统计值由0.983 cm降为0.318 cm,改善率高达67.7%。此外,MHGM建模结果中改正量较大的异常区域与对应测站处所架设挡板的方位相一致,能够反演出测站周围不同方向观测信号所受多路径误差影响。国际GNSS服务组织的历史观测数据在利用MHGM模型改正后,合计18年测试算例的观测值残差RMSE平均改善率达到29.5%。这对于评估测站观测环境在不同时期的变化状况,提升现有各类增强服务产品的精度和可靠性具有一定的潜在应用价值。 相似文献
11.
多个卫星导航系统采用相同频率播发信号,使得不同系统之间可以通过紧组合方式进行数据处理。文中简要介绍了不同系统紧组合双差观测模型;利用零短基线观测数据估计了BDS/Galileo间小数ISB(Inter-System Bias);对其时变稳定性进行了分析并利用单历元相对定位解算进行了验证。实验结果表明,小数ISB具有较好的时间稳定性,能够进行长期预报。相对于松组合相对定位模型,采用紧组合模型能够显著提高模糊度固定的成功率。 相似文献
12.
Hybrid GPS + GLONASS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The hybridization of GPS with GLONASS has formed a first stage in GNSS development. We examine the performance of the hybrid
system in the position domain for both code and carrier phase cases. Several major differences exist between GPS and GLONASS;
most significant is GLONASS's signal frequency diversity, which can lead to measurement bias, particularly so when a pair
of receivers are operating at different temperatures. Unless signal frequency diversity is addressed either on-receiver or
at the data processing stage, positioning errors can occur at the centimeter level. We outline the difficulties of combining
observations from the two systems and discuss how these may be overcome. ? 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
13.
Particle filter-based estimation of inter-system phase bias for real-time integer ambiguity resolution 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Although double-differenced (DD) observations between satellites from different systems can be used in multi-GNSS relative positioning, the inter-system DD ambiguities cannot be fixed to integer because of the existence of the inter-system bias (ISB). Obviously, they can also be fixed as integer along with intra-system DD ambiguities if the associated ISBs are well known. It is critical to fix such inter-system DD ambiguities especially when only a few satellites of each system are observed. In most of the existing approaches, the ISB is derived from the fractional part of the inter-system ambiguities after the intra-system DD ambiguities are successfully fixed. In this case, it usually needs observations over long times depending on the number of observed satellites from each system. We present a new method by means of particle filter to estimate ISBs in real time without any a priori information based on the fact that the accuracy of a given ISB value can be qualified by the related fixing RATIO. In this particle filter-based method, the ISB parameter is represented by a set of samples, i.e., particles, and the weight of each sample is determined by the designed likelihood function related to the corresponding RATIO, so that the true bias value can be estimated successfully. Experimental validations with the IGS multi-GNSS experiment data show that this method can be carried out epoch by epoch to provide precise ISB in real time. Although there are only one, two, or at most three Galileo satellites observed, the successfully fixing rate increases from 75.5% for GPS only to 81.2%. In the experiment with five GPS satellites and one Galileo satellites, the first successfully fixing time is reduced to half of that without fixing the inter-system DD ambiguities. 相似文献
14.
A. C. Campbell 《Journal of Geodesy》1968,42(3):293-300
Recent accuracy requirements for navigational positioning at sea are such as to require the refinements of recent and past
geodetic methods. The computational adjustment method, of this paper, is the technique of variation of parameters. All computations
are performed directly on the surface of a reference ellipsoid, so as to preclude any distance restrictions.
The methods presented are primarily for use with observations from electronic positioning systems of ranging (circular), and
time or phase difference (hyperbolic) type. A new type of observation equation is presented which, when used with a hyperbolic
system, results in the first non-iterative solution to the positioning problem.
When redundant observational data is obtained, as is frequently the case, full use should be made of the data by using weighted
observation equations. Through the use of the new equations, all electronic surveying observations can be processed simultaneously,
in real time, with an electronic computer. A continuing error analysis, in the form of a variance-covariance matrix for both
the observed and adjusted values, provides system error analysis and diagnoisis. 相似文献
15.
基于简化的城市目标三维结构模型,利用计算机图形学中辐射度方法,对城市目标的热辐射方向性规律进行模拟。在传感器分别位于近地面和卫星轨道时,研究了城市目标各组分在视场内的权重随观测天顶角、方位角和观测距离改变的变化规律。结果表明:城市目标方向亮温地面辐射测量存在显著视场效应。当传感器位于近地面时,在垂直太阳主平面附近,视场效应达到最大。方向亮温随观测距离的改变有明显变化。随着观测距离的增加,视场效应急剧减小。将近地面测量得到的方向亮温与卫星影像计算所得的方向亮温对比时,视场效应是一个必须考虑的因素。 相似文献
16.
BDS/GPS/GLONASS组合系统定位时,由于系统间卫星测距精度的差异性,需要合理确定卫星间权比,Helmert方差分量估计常被用于确定不同类观测值间权比;而当观测值含有粗差时,Helmert方差分量估计定位结果容易被粗差污染或收敛失真,出现大的偏差。文中基于Helmert方差分量估计,引入等价权因子IGGIII函数,建立抗差Helmert方差分量估计权函数模型,对比分析其在低截止高度角10°、15°和20°下,在BDS/GPS/GLONASS组合系统定位中的应用及定位精度,并讨论分析在高截止高度角30°和40°下,组合系统和单系统BDS的定位精度。实验结果表明:当观测值无明显粗差时,Helmert方差分量估计和抗差分量估计的定位精度相当,略低于高度角权函数的定位结果,点位精度RMS优于2.5m;含粗差时,抗差解定位精度最高;当截止高度角为30°时,BDS单系统定位精度RMS优于5m,而组合系统RMS接近3m;为40°时,组合系统平面精度RMS优于2m,三维精度RMS优于6m,而单系统不能定位。 相似文献
17.
全球导航卫星反射信号遥感GNSS-R(Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry)是近年来新兴的一个学科交叉研究领域。本文在调研分析国内外研究进展的基础上,基于GNSS-R工作原理与技术特征,将GNSS-R遥感观测模式定义为双天线模式DAP(Double Antenna Pattern)和单天线模式SAP(Single Antenna Pattern),并对两种观测模式的特性和共性问题进行分析。初步建立GNSS-R遥感应用体系架构,以陆面遥感应用为例,结合近几年参与的GNSS-R观测试验与模型研究工作,给出两种观测模式下GNSS-R遥感的典型应用实例,以期为中国未来地基、空基和星载GNSS-R遥感观测及应用工作的开展提供参考。 相似文献
18.
观测噪声提取是数据质量分析与随机模型构建的基础。当前手机GNSS观测噪声提取主要采用三阶差分法与历元间差分法,这些方法的提取结果都会受到卫星相关性和历元间相关性的影响。本文提出结合变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD)提取手机观测噪声的方法。模拟分解试验表明:VMD能够较好地对混合信号进行分解。提取小米8手机GNSS观测噪声并进行分析,结果表明:GPS、BDS和Galileo 3系统伪距观测噪声计算结果一致,GLONASS系统伪距噪声大约是其他系统的两倍,四系统的载波观测噪声相当,手机GNSS观测噪声与Android系统版本无关。相比于高度角随机模型,载噪比随机模型更适用于手机GNSS定位。利用数据质量提取结果拟合载噪比随机模型,并进行定位试验。定位结果表明:相对于高度角随机模型,采用载噪比随机模型后手机伪距单点定位效果能提升25%以上。手机PPP平面定位结果能收敛至0.6 m以内,高程定位精度收敛至1.2 m以内。 相似文献
19.
Ivan I. Mueller 《Journal of Geodesy》1985,59(2):181-188
Geodynamics has become the subject of intensive international research during the last decade, involving plate tectonics,
both on the intra-plate and inter-plate scale, i.e., the study of crustal movements, and the study of earth rotation and of
other dynamic phenomena such as the tides. Interrelated are efforts improving our knowledge of the gravity and magnetic fields
of the earth. A common requirement for all these investigations is the necessity for a well-defined reference coordinate system
(or systems) to which all relevant observations can be referred and in which theories or models for the dynamic behavior of
the earth can be formulated. In view of the unprecedented progress in the ability of geodetic observational systems to measure
crustal movements and the rotation of the earth, as well as in theory and model development, there is a great need for the
theoretical definition, practical realization, and international acceptance of suitable coordinate system(s) to facilitate
such work. This article deals with certain aspects of the establishment and maintenance of such a coordinate system. 相似文献
20.
Latent spatio-temporal activity structures: a new approach to inferring intra-urban functional regions via social media check-in data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
AbstractThis article introduces a novel low rank approximation (LRA)-based model to detect the functional regions with the data from about 15 million social media check-in records during a year-long period in Shanghai, China. We identified a series of latent structures, named latent spatio-temporal activity structures. While interpreting these structures, we can obtain a series of underlying associations between the spatial and temporal activity patterns. Moreover, we can not only reproduce the observed data with a lower dimensional representative, but also project spatio-temporal activity patterns in the same coordinate system. With the K-means clustering algorithm, five significant types of clusters that are directly annotated with a combination of temporal activities can be obtained, providing a clear picture of the correlation between the groups of regions and different activities at different times during a day. Besides the commercial and transportation dominant areas, we also detected two kinds of residential areas, the developed residential areas and the developing residential areas. We further interpret the spatial distribution of these clusters using urban form analytics. The results are highly consistent with the government planning in the same periods, indicating that our model is applicable to infer the functional regions from social media check-in data and can benefit a wide range of fields, such as urban planning, public services, and location-based recommender systems. 相似文献