共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
长三角经济高速发展地区土壤pH时空变化及其影响因素 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
通过调查和分析长三角地区张家港市2004年和第二次土壤普查时(1980)的土壤pH,探讨了该市近20年来基于经济高速发展影响下的土壤pH变化及影响因素。结果表明,自第二次土壤普查以来,该市土壤pH变化明显。南部人为土地区绝大部分土壤pH值都下降了一个单位,平均值由7.39降至6.33;北部雏形土区,两个时期的土壤pH值分别为7.92和7.98。土壤pH的降低可能同该地区长期施用化学肥料、酸雨及工业酸性“三废”排放的增加有关。此外,土地利用和田间管理也对土壤pH变化起着较为重要的作用,而土壤地球化学性质差异则是导致南北地区土壤pH变化不同的内在因素。 相似文献
2.
西藏冈底斯地块中新生代中酸性侵入岩特征与构造环境 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
冈底斯地块上的中新生代中酸性岩浆活动，是北部班公湖一怒江和南部雅鲁藏布两个特提斯演化及其后的陆内汇聚碰撞造山和后造山伸展等大地构造事件的完整记录。地块上的中酸性岩浆活动可划分为三个带，其中北部岩带岩浆岩形成于燕山期，其类型从早期的Ⅰ型到中期的过渡型再演化为晚期的S型，分别形成于板块俯冲-缝合-碰撞等构造条件下，是北部班公湖一怒江特提斯演化的集中反映。中部和南部岩浆岩带则集中体现了南部雅鲁藏布特提斯时空演化的完整经历，其中，南部岩带岩体以燕山晚期为主，喜山早期次之，成因及形成环境与特提斯洋壳向北俯7中作用密切相关(燕山晚期)，同时俯冲结束后的同碰撞条件下的岩浆活动在该岩带内也有明显的反映(喜山早期)；中部岩带岩体以喜山早期为主，燕山晚期次之，岩体大部分为同碰撞环境下岩浆活动的产物，它表征了随着洋壳板块向北俯冲程度的加深和强度的加剧，岩浆活动中心在不断向北迁移，并最终缝合碰撞的过程。因此，该岩带内岩浆岩主要形成于俯冲的晚阶段及缝合后的同碰撞条件下。喜山晚期的小斑岩体实际上广泛出露于整个冈底斯地块上，它反映的是该区在经历了碰撞造山后发生的陆内伸展的构造过程。 相似文献
3.
An ichthyoplankton survey (18 stations in seven sampling sectors) was conducted in Narragansett Bay in 1990 to provide information on abundance, distribution, and seasonal occurrence of eggs and larvae of estuarine fishes, including seasonal migrants. An additional goal was to examine changes in species composition, abundance, and distribution occurring since the last baywide survey in 1972–73. The taxonomic composition of eggs and larvae in 1990 (41 species in 25 families from 684 plankton samples) and in 1972–73 (43 species in 28 families from 6900 samples) was similar. Maximum abundance of fish eggs occurred in June and larvae in July, minimum abundance in September to February. Species diversity was greatest in May–July and lowest during January in both surveys. However, egg and larval densities in 1990 were considerably lower than in 1972–73. Bay anchovy, tautog, and cunner accounted for 86% of the eggs and 87% of the larvae in the bay in 1990. These three species accounted for only 55% of the eggs and 51% of the larvae in 1972–73, with menhaden accounting for another 18% of the eggs and 34% of the larvae. Searobins, scup, and butterfish eggs were common in 1973 (19%) but rare in 1990 (2%). Ichthyoplankton abundance for several of the most abundant species was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the Providence River, upper bay, and Greenwich Bay in 1990 than in 1972–73. Density of fish eggs and larvae in the lower portions of the bay was lower in 1990 for some species but not others. Distribution data suggested a general down-bay shift in density in 1990. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A01BY085 00015 相似文献
4.
LEE Hyun Koo 《《地质学报》英文版》2003,77(1):116-124
A comprehensive contrast of ore-forming geological background and ore-forming fluid features, especially fluid ore-forming processes, has been performed between the Tianmashan and the Datuanshan ore deposits in Tongling, Anhui Province. The major reasons for the formation of the stratabound skarn Au-S ore deposit in Tianmashan and the stratabound skarn Cu ore deposit in Datuanshan are analyzed in accordance with this contrast. The magmatic pluton in Tianmashan is rich in Au and poor in Cu, but that in Datuanshan is rich in Cu and Au. The wallrock strata in Tianmashan contain Au-bearing pyrite layers with some organic substance but those in Datuanshan contain no such layers. Moreover, the ore-forming fluids in Tianmashan are dominantly magmatic ones at the oxide and sulfide stages, but those with high content of Cu in Datuanshan are mainly groundwater fluids. In addition, differences in compositional evolution and physicochemical condition variation of the ore-forming fluids result in gradual dispersion 相似文献
5.
Hassan Abdel Kader Saleh 《GeoJournal》1995,37(1):125-132
In spite of Jordan's insignificant natural resources and geopolitical problems, industrial development is being emphasized in Jordan since 1972. Industries are now the second largest sector of economy. Industries contributed 10% of the GDP in 1972, 19.5% in 1989 and 17.4% in 1993. This is remarkable as the national investment in industries is declining. The investments for industrial development was 30% of the total national investment in five year development plans (1976–1980), 23% in the next plan (1981–1985), and 13% in the following plan (1986–1990).The number of; industries has increased from 2500 in 1959 to 4684 in 1974, to 8533 in 1984, and 18600 in 1992. The employment or labor force also increased from 10,000 in 1959 to 70,000 in 1988, and to 110,000 in 1992. It represents about 16.4% of the total labor force in Jordan, the index number of industrial production also increased from (100) in 1979 which was the same base year, to (151) in 1983 to (205) in 1987 and to (215) in 1993. The study was based on three hypotheses: (i) the magnitude varies from one industry to another at the national (Jordan) and local (governorate levels), (ii) temporal change in the magnitude of industries has taken place during the period 1979–1992, (iii) the temporal change in the magnitude of industries was positive in some industries and negative in others. 相似文献
6.
以西藏38个气象站点1985-2014年实测降水量为基础数据,应用灰色预测模型和长序列趋势拟合方法预测2015-2019年的年降水量和季节降水量,经2015-2017年的实测降水数据验证,其结果良好,最后以调整后的降水距平百分率为洪涝指标,分析2018年、2019年的洪涝预测情况。结果表明,西藏2018年降水集中在东南部地区的林芝、米林、波密和察隅一带, 2019年降水主要集中在芒康地区,季节上春季降水主要集中在雅鲁藏布江大拐弯地区,夏季主要在索曲河、怒江上游地区,秋季主要在嘉黎、林芝、波密一带,冬季降水集中在聂拉木地区。2018年和2019年洪涝易发生在春季和冬季,洪涝情况都相对正常,大部分县区为无涝或正常状态,少数县区为轻微洪涝,极少数县区为中涝或特涝, 2019年洪涝情况相较于2018年整体偏多,其中在2018年的拉孜县和2019年的拉萨城关区,极有可能出现特涝灾害。 相似文献
7.
典型喀斯特地区马尾松纯林及马尾松-阔叶树混交林营养元素生物循环研究——以贵州龙里为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以龙里典型喀斯特地区马尾松纯林及马尾松- 阔叶树混交林为研究对象,研究了两个群落的生物量、营养元素贮量、分布及循环特征。结果表明: 马尾松纯林、马尾松- 阔叶树混交林的生物量分别为40. 62t /hm2、48. 32t /hm2 ,混交林的乔木层总生物量比马尾松纯林高18. 97% ,根系生物量较纯林高65. 12%。混交林乔木层各器官营养元素的含量整体大于马尾松纯林,两群落乔木层N、P、K、S的含量表现出一致的趋势,叶> 根> 枝> 干。混交林乔木层各元素的积累量分别比纯林高47. 97%～ 197. 67% ,凋落物层各元素贮量比纯林高85. 40%～ 318. 301%。混交林的年归还量、年存留量和年吸收量均大于马尾松纯林,且各元素循环系数大于马尾松纯林。马尾松林与阔叶树混交可以有效地提高群落生物量和营养元素循环的能力。 相似文献
8.
Glaciers in the southern Himalayas advanced in the early Holocene despite an increase in incoming summer solar insolation at the top of the atmosphere. These glacier advances are in contrast to the smaller alpine glaciers in the western and northern regions of Central Asia. Two different glacier mass-balance models are used to reconcile this Holocene glacier history with climate by quantifying the change in equilibrium-line altitudes (ELA) for simulated changes in Holocene climate. Both ELA models clearly show that the lowering of ELAs in the southern Himalayas is largely due to a decrease in summer temperatures, and that an increase in monsoonal precipitation accounts for less than 30% of the total ELA changes. The decrease in summer temperatures is a dynamic response to the changes in solar insolation, resulting in both a decrease in incoming shortwave radiation at the surface due to an increase in cloudiness and an increase in evaporative cooling. In the western and northern zones of Central Asia, both ELA models show a rise in ELAs in response to a general increase in summer temperatures. This increase in temperatures in the more northern regions is a direct radiative response to the increase in summer solar insolation. 相似文献
9.
Existing paradigms suggest that mangrove leaf litter is processed primarily via the detrital pathway in forests in the Caribbean biogeographic realm whereas herbivorous crabs are relatively more important litter processors in the Indo-West Pacific. To test this hypothesis, we used pitfall traps to collect intertidal crabs to characterize the crab fauna in a mangrove estuary in southwest Florida. We also tethered mangrove leaves to determine if herbivorous crabs are major leaf consumers there. We compared the results with previously published data collected in an analogous manner from forests in northeastern Australia. The crab fauna in Rookery Bay, Florida, is dominated by carnivorous xanthid and deposit-feeding ocypodid crabs whereas that of the Murray River in northeastern Australia is dominated by herbivorous grapsid crabs. No leaves tethered at five sites in the forests in Southwest Florida were taken by crabs. This contrasts greatly with reported values of leaf removal by crabs in Australian forests of 28–79% of the leaves reaching the forest floor. These differences in the faunal assemblages and in the fate of marked or tethered leaves provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that leaf litter is in fact processed in fundamentally different ways in the two biogeographic realms. 相似文献
10.
祁连山云和空中水汽资源的季节分布与演变 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
祁连山云和空中水汽资源具有明显的季节变化特征：总云量春季最多，夏季次之，低云量夏季最多，春季次之。近45年中的春季和夏季，总云量在减少，低云量在增加，对应降水也在增加；秋季三者都为减少趋势；冬季总云量和降水在增加，但低云却呈减少趋势。相关分析表明，总云和降水在夏季、秋季呈显著正相关，低云和降水在春季、夏季及秋季呈正相关；值得注意的是冬季低云和降水在祁连山的中东段呈负相关，但通不过信度检验。空中水汽主要沿两条路径输送到祁连山，平均状况下祁连山存在较强的水汽辐合，且东段辐合（-0.1～-0.05 kg/(m2·s）)强于中西段（-0.05～0 kg/(m2·s））。地中海、黑海、里海、咸海、阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾是祁连山的水汽输送源地，但各个季节又有所不同。祁连山区域的水汽收支表明，春季净水汽通量在1979年以后一直为正且呈增加趋势，夏季整个区域基本上是个“水汽汇”，秋季和冬季则一直为负。分析认为祁连山春、夏两季空中云水资源具有较好的开发潜力。 相似文献
11.
12.
We compared diurnal variations in dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) concentration and in losses of dissolved organic carbon fluorescence (DOCF) in four boreal Canadian Shield lakes, in one beaver pond, and in filtered and unfiltered water from a wetland in Lake St. Pierre, a fluvial lake of the St. Lawrence River. These systems were chosen to represent a spectrum of DOC. We also determined the contribution of UVB, UVA and visible light on DGM photo-induced production in the four lakes. Our results showed a strong relationship between DGM concentrations and light intensity and between DGM production and losses in DOCF, in all study sites. We also observed higher rates of DGM formation and of DOCF bleaching in the presence of UV radiation. Under UVB light, production of DGM was higher in clear lakes than in the humic ones. Inversely, in the UVA range, DGM production tended to be higher in humic lakes. We suggest that DOCF bleaching can be used as a proxy for the rate of formation of reactive species that may alter the redox state of mercury in surface waters. We also have indications that DGM production is more important in clear than in humic waters. 相似文献
13.
在分析河南黄淮平原土壤和小麦籽实中Cu含量分布特征的基础上,利用单项污染指数法对研究区小麦籽实中Cu的污染状况进行评价。其结果为：研究区小麦籽实中Cu的单项污染指数Pi的平均值为0．473,说明研究区小麦籽实未受Cu的污染。Cu的状况良好。进一步讨论了土壤中Cu的含量与小麦籽实中Cu含量间的关系。认为小麦籽实中Cu的积累与土壤中的总Cu无明显的相关关系,而与土壤中的有效态Cu含量具有明显的相关性。据此,将土壤有效态Cu作为土壤Cu生态安全评价的指标。并建立了小麦籽实Cu与土壤有效Cu的响应关系模型,确定了土壤中有效Cu的安全界限值。 相似文献
14.
塔里木盆地寒武系—奥陶系烃源岩发育模式及分布规律 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
塔里木盆地寒武系—奥陶系烃源岩主要分布于3套层系中,即中—下寒武统的碳酸盐岩烃源岩和泥质岩烃源岩,上寒武统—中、下奥陶统的泥质岩烃源岩和上奥陶统的台缘灰泥丘烃源岩。这些烃源岩在纵向演化上受海平面升降控制,即层序体系域属性不同,烃源岩发育不同;在平面分布上与古水深、沉积相密切相关。泥质类烃源岩主要形成于广海陆棚—深海盆地,深海相泥质类烃源岩的形成是由于表层水体中大量生物的死亡堆积到深水环境中,由于深水缺氧,有利于有机质保存,加上远离陆地,沉积速率低,使得有机质富集;广海陆棚相泥质类烃源岩的形成与上升洋流的作用有关。碳酸盐岩烃源岩的形成是受层序体系域和沉积相控制,分布于下斜坡的高位体系域或与膏盐岩伴生。 相似文献
15.
Petroleum Migration Direction of the Silurian Paleo-pools in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
LIU Luofu ZHAO Ye HUO Hong CHEN Lixin CHEN Yuanzhuang ZHAO Suping LI Chao LI Shuangwen GUO Yongqiang LI Yan 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(1):174-183
The results obtained in this paper indicate that carbazole-type compounds have high thermal stability and also show stability in oxidation and bio-degradation. This kind of compounds still has a high concentration and complete distribution in the analyzed dry asphalt samples, showing that they are particularly useful in studying petroleum migration of paleo-pool. During the basin＇s first-stage of oil-gas pool formation in the Silurian in Tazhong and Tabei areas of Tarim Basin （at the end of Silurian period） and the second-stage in the Awati area （in Permian）, the petroleum experienced a long-distance migration. During the formation of the Silurian paleo-pools in Tazhong Uplift at the end of Silurian, the petroleum mainly came from the lower and middle Cambrian source rocks in the Manjiaer sag. The petroleum migrated towards the southwest-south entering the Silurian reservoir beds in Tazhong first. Then, it further migrated within Silurian from northwest to southeast along the highs of the Structural Belts to the region of the Silurian pinchout boundary in Tazhong. In Tabei Uplift, during the first-stage of pool formation, the petroleum was also from the lower and middle Cambrian source rocks in the Manjiaer sag. It migrated northwest entering the Silurian reservoir beds in the Tabei Uplift firstly, and then the migration continued in the same direction within the Silurian reservoirs and finally the petroleum was trapped in higher positions. During the second-stage pool formation in the Silurian beds in the areas around Awati sag, the petroleum mainly came from the lower-middle Cambrian source rocks in the Awati sag. The petroleum migrated from the generation center to Silurian reservoirs in all directions around the sag through major paths, and the petroleum was finally trapped in higher locations. 相似文献
16.
Many methods have been used to study wind erosion, a common phenomenon in arid and semi-arid regions. This paper documents a 2006 field study in which sediment samplers and steel pins were used to measure soil erosion, and sand drift potential was used to estimate wind erosion and transport in the eastern part of Ningxia Province, China. Wind energy in the study area was found to be moderate and sediments were transported from northwest to southeast. Sediment transport differed depending on the surface type: sediment transport was greatest in areas of shifting dunes, with cultivated land, semi-fixed dunes, and fixed dunes showing progressively less transport. Sediment transport was lowest in shrubland areas. The depth of erosion was 66 in cultivated areas, 33 in shifting dunes, 28 in semi-fixed dunes, 20 in fixed dunes, and 3 mm in shrublands. The extensive erosion of sediment in cultivated lands and the resultant decrease in surface height results in serious degradation and loss of soil fertility. 相似文献
17.
轮南地区油气相态分布非常复杂,奥陶系油气藏平面上具有西油东气的特点。西部轮古西油田、塔河油田和轮南1井区油族成熟度略低且有生物降解痕迹,主要以重油形式分布;东部地区油族成熟度略高,主要以轻质油、凝析油形式存在;中间地段桑塔木断垒带、中部平台区和轮南断垒带发生混合作用形成了中一高蜡油。各地区油气在垂向上变化很大,东部地区奥陶系和石炭系为凝析油气,三叠系又为正常油分布区;西部地区奥陶系为稠油,三叠系为正常油。轮南地区奥陶系在纵向上可能受控于岩溶和储层的发育程度,横向上受控于断裂作用。轮南地区油气成藏时间较早,不同物性的原油都是古油藏多期供油的结果。 相似文献
18.
19.
近40a来江河源区生态环境变化的气候特征分析 总被引：69，自引：12，他引：57
利用月气象资料,对过去40a江河源气候变化特征进行分析,并与全球、全国、青藏高原进行了比较.结果表明:江河源区气温具有增暖趋势,近40a两地年平均气温分别增加约0.8℃和0.7℃,为高原异常变暖区.黄河源区变暖的主要特征是最低气温变暖,日照时数增加;最低、最高气温的显著变暖,以及较黄河源区增加更长的日照时数是长江源区变暖的主要特征.长江源区冬季变暖的作用不是主要的,春季、夏季和秋季的变暖作用比冬季还要大;黄河源区的变暖也并不主要是冬季变暖造成的,秋季变暖的作用与其相当,其它季节的变暖作用也不能忽视.近40a来江河源区降水量略有增加,主要体现在20世纪80年代中后期以来春季与冬季降水量的明显增加,夏季降水量虽然总体上没有明显变化,且局地夏季降水量呈持续减少趋势.与全球、全国以及高原区对比显示,江河源区对全球气候变暖的响应最敏感,变暖首先从长江源和整个高原发端,之后15a.黄河源和全国才进入显著温暖期.黄河源与长江源北部降水量的增加表明,气候变暖有利于高原增加降水量. 相似文献
20.
安徽宁国地区岩-土系统元素迁移及其农业地质环境效应 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
通过多条基岩-土壤剖面和区域性土壤地球化学样品的微量元素丰度测试,分析了宁国地区不同基岩类型地球化学元素在岩石和土壤中分布的基本特点,表明同一地层的岩-土系统在不同地点有基本相同的元素迁移规律,导致土壤中的微量元素分布特征受控于其下地质单位的空间分布,植物生长必需的微量营养元素Fe、Mn、Cu、Mo、Zn、B6种元素表现出在南华纪-寒武纪地层中向土壤强烈富集的趋势．岩-土系统元素迁移特点对宁国市天目山区重要名优特产品-山核桃的生长环境产生重要影响,该区主导性名特优产品-山核桃,应该选择南沱组、兰田组、杨柳岗组、华严寺组、西阳山组等地层出露的地段种植才能产生好的经济效益． 相似文献