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1.
On the basis of the shape and inner structure of volcanic edifice,the dip angle and coherence were selected to recognize the buried volcanic edifices in Songliao Basin.Five volcanic edifices were recognized in both two methods in the first volcanic cycle of Yingcheng Formation and the prediction perfectly corresponds to the drilling results in well XS8 area.The results are satisfying when the prediction method were employed in the exploration and development of Qingshen gas field. 相似文献
2.
On the basis of the shape and inner structure of volcanic edifice, the dip angle and coherence were selected to recognize the buried volcanic edifices in Songliao Basin. Five volcanic edifices were recognized in both two methods in the first volcanic cycle of Yingcheng Formation and the prediction perfectly corresponds to the drilling results in well XS8 area. The results are satisfying when the prediction method were employed in the exploration and development of Qingshen gas field. 相似文献
3.
Huafeng TANG Weihua BIAN Rixing DING Pujun WANG 《东北亚地学研究》2007,10(1):11-16
On the basis of the shape and inner structure of volcanic edifice, the dip angle and coherence were se- lected to recognize the buried volcanic edifices in Songliao Basin. Five volcanic edifices were recognized in both two methods in the first volcanic cycle of Yingcheng Formation and the prediction perfectly corresponds to the drilling results in well XS8 area. The results are satisfying when the prediction method were employed in the exploration and development of Qingshen gas field. 相似文献
4.
开鲁盆地为陆相火山岩盆地。勘探结果表明，在陆相火山岩盆地中获得了工业油流，为寻找石油油藏开辟了新途径。龙湾筒凹陷的火山岩以火山熔岩、火山碎屑沉积岩为主，根据岩石特征，可划分为三种岩相：溢流相、火山爆发相和火山沉积相。溢流相以熔岩为主，包括安山岩、粗面岩、粗安岩、玄武岩和玄武安山岩；火山爆发相岩石包括火山角砾岩和凝灰岩；火山沉积岩相岩石包括凝灰质砂岩、凝灰质泥岩。依据火山岩相划分，结合火山岩测井和地震反射特征，对龙湾筒凹陷火山岩纵向上的变化和平面上的展布进行了讨论，特别是对储集性能好的溢流相岩石进行了圈定。 相似文献
5.
莺歌海盆地东方气田莺二段发育浅海砂质碎屑流,对其沉积特征与模式的研究具有重要意义。从岩心精细描述入手,结合测井曲线特征、地震剖面、地球化学实验,综合国内外重力流研究进展,确定了研究区浅海砂质碎屑流的岩心、测井、地震相特征,并通过分析研究区沉积背景,进一步探讨了东方气田莺二段ⅡL、ⅢU气组浅海砂质碎屑流的沉积模式。研究结果表明:该区砂质碎屑流的岩心相为富漂浮泥岩碎屑的块状砂岩、"泥包砾"等典型砂质碎屑流特征;测井相上表现为齿化现象十分严重的逆粒序漏斗型及无粒序钟型-漏斗型复合型特征;地震相上表现为中振幅平行席状反射和低频平行-亚平行空白反射特征;剖面上呈席状和平缓透镜状展布。研究厘定了研究区砂质碎屑流为西侧三角洲前缘由于风暴作用引起沉积物滑塌再搬运和北侧红河洪水重力流共同作用形成的浅海砂质碎屑流沉积模式。 相似文献
6.
借助有机酸热模拟、岩石薄片及阴极发光实验资料,分析了鄂尔多斯东部地区山西组煤系烃源岩与石英次生加大边的关系。研究表明:煤系烃源岩以Ⅲ型干酪根为主,在热演化生烃的过程中由于含氧基团逐步断裂产生了大量的有机酸;在酸性微孔隙环境下,石英砂岩及其岩屑石英砂岩中的火山喷出岩屑、长石等不稳定矿物易遭受溶蚀,形成的SiO2提供了石英次生加大的硅质来源,薄片及阴极发光下均可观察到石英发育多期次生加大,尤以二期次生加大为主;证实煤系烃源岩中的有机酸是导致石英发生多期次生加大的直接原因,最终形成致密砂岩。 相似文献
7.
渤海海域中生界火成岩具有岩石类型多样,岩石结构复杂的特点,识别难度较大。钻井统计表明,研究区中生界以中基性喷出岩和酸性侵入岩为主,综合地质学分类以及测井响应特征,建立了研究区火成岩“成分-结构-构造”三端元分类方案,并提出了岩石成分、结构、构造单因素并行识别,综合命名的识别思路:成分上,由基性岩到酸性岩,元素测井上表现为由高铁低硅向高硅低铁变化,伽马能谱上铀、钍、钾以及总的自然伽马均不断升高,常规测井上酸性岩具有高伽马低密度的特点,基性岩与之相反;结构上,常规测井资料可初步判别岩石结构,成像测井可对熔岩结构、角砾结构、凝灰结构以及岩石蚀变结构进行精细识别;成像测井上可识别出块状构造、似流动构造以及气孔、杏仁构造,对有效判别侵入岩与喷出岩具有重要指示意义。利用该方法对重点井进行了分析,识别结果与壁心薄片鉴定结果一致,说明效果可靠。 相似文献
8.
There has been much recent interest in the origin of intermediate lava and several hypotheses are: 1) direct melting of the mantle under water-saturated conditions, 2) partial melting of altered crust, 3) fractional crystallization of parent magma, and 4) magma mixing of mafic magmas with dacitic/rhyolitic magmas. Volcanic rocks series ranging from basaltic andesite to dacite (SiO2 ranges from 53.8 to 63.0 wt.%) from the eastern Manus Basin were detected for major and trace element compositions to understand their origin. Low H2O contents, positive correlations of La-SiO2 and Yb-SiO2, oxygen isotope data and the indistinct change of trace element concentrations in oscillatory zoning of plagioclase phenocrysts rule out the models in which silicic lava results from direct melting of hydrous mantle, partial melting of altered oceanic crust or gabbros, and magma mixing, respectively. Besides, the geochemical data of whole rock and melt inclusions indicate that fractional crystallization plays a dominant role in generating the intermediate lava with subduction features. 相似文献
9.
新疆卡拉麦里姜巴斯套组火山岩地球化学特征与构造意义 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过对新疆卡拉麦里姜巴斯套组火山岩野外地质特征、岩石学和高精度同位素年代学的研究,发现姜巴斯套组火山岩具典型双峰式组合,岩石类型包括玄武岩-酸性火山碎屑岩-玄武粗面安山岩;得到玄武粗面安山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(319.8±2)Ma(加权均方偏差值为3),表明姜巴斯套组火山岩形成于早石炭世谢尔普霍夫阶。对火山岩地球化学特征的研究表明,姜巴斯套组火山岩钙碱性系列、高钾钙碱性系列和钾玄岩系列岩石兼而有之,岩石的稀土元素配分曲线均为轻稀土元素富集型,无明显Eu异常,玄武岩和玄武粗面安山岩具有K正异常和Sr负异常,酸性火山碎屑岩表现出Nb、Ta和Ti显著亏损。总体来说,姜巴斯套组火山岩富集大离子亲石元素,相对亏损高场强元素。玄武岩和玄武粗面安山岩表现出大陆裂谷(大陆板内拉张区域)岩石特征;酸性火山碎屑岩表现出岛弧或者活动大陆边缘岩石属性。总之,姜巴斯套组火山岩形成于卡拉麦里洋盆闭合碰撞造山后的拉张伸展环境,卡拉麦里地区在早石炭世末期就进入了碰撞后的陆内伸展拉伸阶段。 相似文献
10.
利用山东地震台网70个宽频带测震台站记录的2022-01-15南太平洋汤加海底火山喷发原始地震波形数据,从时间域和频率域分析火山喷发地震波的记录特征;通过对20 s优势周期面波进行研究,测算该次火山喷发的地震学震级与地震波辐射能量。研究表明,该次汤加火山喷发的面波震级为M_(S)5.674、能量震级为M_(e)5.704,与GFZ测定震级基本一致,比USGS测定震级小0.126。本次汤加火山爆炸指数(VEI)为5级,但本文测定的地震波辐射能量为8.155×10^(12)J,可见火山喷发以地震波辐射方式释放的能量较少,绝大部分能量以超过1000 km/h的冲击波形式穿过大气层迅速释放到空中,这种能量的快速释放会抑制深部应力的挤压与拉伸。 相似文献
11.
Due to the special condition of provenance and disaster environment after "5·12" Earthquake, the probability and conditions of the occurrence of gully debris flow change greatly after the event, which make it difficult to prevent disaster effectively. In this study the hydrological model of ground water table in loose sediment is established. According to infinite slope theory, the safety factor of deposits is defined as the ratio of resistance force to driving force. The starting condition of post-earthquake gully debris flow is clearly studied by analyzing the effects of rainfall intensity, seismic strength, slope gradient and mechanical properties on the balance of accumulation body. Then the formulas of rainfall and aftershock threshold for starting of gully debris flow are proposed, and an example is given to illustrate the effect of rainfall, aftershocks and their coupling action on a debris flow. The result shows the critical rainfall intensity decreases as the lateral seismic acceleration and channel gradient increases, while the critical intensity linearly increases as the friction angle increases. 相似文献
12.
该文在野外地质调查基础上,对备战铁矿区内的火山岩和矿石进行了详细的矿物学和岩石地球化学研究,并深入讨论了矿床成因。研究表明,该区的主要赋矿围岩为火山岛弧玄武岩,其与磁铁矿有着类似的稀土元素配分模式,说明二者有成因上的联系。成矿物质可能来源于北天山洋块向伊犁板块之下俯冲过程中软流圈上涌形成的富铁玄武质岩浆。受洋块俯冲作用影响,富铁玄武质岩浆沿北天山压扭性深大断裂底侵,并经历了一定的结晶分离或同化混染作用,最后在中地壳形成一套演化的玄武质(安山质)岩浆,并在岩浆晚期阶段发生富铁岩浆和硅酸盐岩浆的分离,此时,火山岩中的普通辉石受岩浆晚期的热液作用影响蚀变为透辉石,发生了Si,Ca,Mg的富集和Fe,Al,Ti的缺失,一定程度上促进了含铁矿浆的富集。 相似文献
13.
Forecast method of multimode system for debris flow risk assessment in Qingping Town, Sichuan Province, China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
KONG Jiming 《山地科学学报》2011,8(4):592-602
The Wenchuan Earthquake of May 12,2008 triggered large numbers of geo-hazards.The heavy rain on 13 August 2010 triggered debris flows with total volume of more than 6 million cubic meters and the debris flows destroyed 500 houses and infrastructure built after the Wenchuan Earthquake.The study area Qingping Town was located in the northwestern part of the Sichuan Basin of China,which needs the second reconstructions and the critical evaluation of debris flow.This study takes basin as the study unit and defines collapse,landslide and debris flow hazard as a geo-hazard system.A multimode system composed of principal series system and secondary parallel system were established to evaluate the hazard grade of debris flow in 138 drainage basins of Qingping Town.The evaluation result shows that 30.43% of study basins(42 basins) and 24.58% of study area,are in extremely high or high hazard grades,and both percentage of basin quantity and percentage of area in different hazard grades decrease with the increase of hazard grade.According to the geo-hazard data from the interpretation of unmanned plane image with a 0.5-m resolution and field investigation after the Wenchuan Earthquake and 8.13 Big Debris Flow,the ratio of landslides and collapses increased after the Wenchuan Earthquake and the ratios of extremely high or high hazard grades were more than moderate or low hazard grades obviously.23 geo-hazards after8.13 Big Debris Flow in Qingping town region all occurred in basins with extremely high or high hazard grades,and 9 debris flows were in basins with extremely high hazard grade.The model of multimode system for critical evaluation could forecast not only the collapse and landslide but also the debris flow precisely when the basin was taken as the study unit. 相似文献
14.
The Dayizishan scoria cone and Jinlongdingzi scoria cone in the Longgang volcanic swarm, northeastern China are comprised of basaltic fallout tephra that derived from sub - Plinian eruptions. The airborn tephra formed a scoria cone and tephra sheets in geomorphological character. The fallout tephra deposits consist of basaltic scoria, bomb, ultramafic xenolith and lithic fragments. The tephra deposits in the tephra sheets developed plane parallel bedding and graded bedding. The size parameters of tephra changed with distance away from source and the lapse of time regularly.The Dalongwan tuff ring and Longquanlongwan tuff ring in Longgang volcanic swarm are comprised of base surge deposits, formed by phreatomagmatic explosions. The base surge deposits are composed of basaltic lapilli, pisolites and tuff.The sedimentary structure, for instance, dunelike structure, chute and pool structure, U - shaped channel and cross bedding, massive beds and sandwave beds etc. are recognized. 相似文献
15.
《山地科学学报》2020,17(3):740-752
A seismic hazard was assessed related to site effects at Abbadia San Salvatore, central Italy, on the Mt. Amiata slopes, an ancient volcanic area characterized by residual soils(thick layers of loose to dense sands originated from weathering of the trachydacitic lavas). The seismic ground amplification and soil liquefaction related to these layers were recognized as the major seismic hazards for the area.Geological, geophysical, and geotechnical surveys were carried out on the volcanic rocks. The Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio(HVSR) analysis of 252 noise measurements and 29 shear-wave velocity models of the subsoil allowed a seismic microzonation of the studied area, distinguished by thick weathered volcanic sands and shear-wave impedance contrast with respect to the seismic bedrock(volcanic bedrock). The differentiation of classified zones allowed recognition of areas characterized by residual(almost undisturbed) soils from those with soils probably affected by flowing water. The analysis of hazards revealed that peak acceleration by seismic amplification of ground motion exceeded the value set by the national rules(0.175 g) in a restricted area of the zone characterized by the most perturbed soils(Zone D); the potential occurrence of soil liquefaction was also greater in this zone. Finally, the study showed potential high hazards due to site effects of the volcanic mountainous area characterized by residual soils as opposed to an alluvial plain formed by volcanic debris where these effects have generally been more recognized. 相似文献
16.
以鄂、湘、粤地区27个宽频带测震台站2 a的连续波形数据为例,对单台每日的连续波形数据进行去除仪器响应、去趋势、去均值、剔除地震事件和干扰及滤波（2.5~8 s）处理后,在互相关叠加数据中识别出了清晰的Lg波。另外,尝试通过叠加时间长度校正及用双台双震源法对几何扩散、噪声源强度的方位角变化和场地效应进行校正,并计算Q值。研究结果表明,对传统的地震背景噪声数据处理方法作适当修改后,噪声互相关叠加数据中可以提取出Lg波。 相似文献
17.
A Regional-Scale Method of Forecasting Debris Flow Events Based on Water-Soil Coupling Mechanism 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A debris flow forecast model based on a water-soil coupling mechanism that takes the debrisflow watershed as a basic forecast unit was established here for the prediction of disasters at the watershed scale.This was achieved through advances in our understanding of the formation mechanism of debris flow.To expand the applicable spatial scale of this forecasting model,a method of identifying potential debris flow watersheds was used to locate areas vulnerable to debris flow within a forecast region.Using these watersheds as forecasting units and a prediction method based on the water-soil coupling mechanism,a new forecasting method of debris flow at the regional scale was established.In order to test the prediction ability of this new forecasting method,the Sichuan province,China was selected as a study zone and the large-scale debris flow disasters attributable to heavy rainfall in this region on July 9,2013 were taken as the study case.According to debris flow disaster data on July 9,2013 which were provided by the geo-environmental monitoring station of Sichuan province,there were 252 watersheds in which debris flow events actually occurred.The current model predicted that 265 watersheds were likely to experience a debris flow event.Among these,43 towns including 204 debrisflow watersheds were successfully forecasted and 24 towns including 48 watersheds failed.The false prediction rate and failure prediction rate of thisforecast model were 23% and 19%,respectively.The results show that this method is more accurate and more applicable than traditional methods. 相似文献
18.
Measuring the internal velocity of debris flows using impact pressure detecting in the flume experiment 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Sergey CHERNOMORETS 《山地科学学报》2011,8(2):109-116
Measuring the internal velocity of debris flows is very important for debris flow dynamics research and designing debris flow control works. However, there is no appropriate method for measuring the internal velocity because of the destructive power of debris flow process. In this paper, we address this problem by using the relationship between velocity and kinetic pressure, as described by surface velocity and surface kinetic pressure data. Kinetic pressure is the difference of impact pressure and static pressure. The former is detected by force sensors installed in the flow direction at the sampling section. Observations show that static pressure can be computed using the formula for static water pressure by simply substituting water density for debris flow density. We describe the relationship between surface velocity and surface kinetic pressure using data from seven laboratory flume experiments. It is consistent with the relationship for single phase flow, which is the measurement principle of the Pitot tube. 相似文献
19.
通过岩心描述以及粒度、薄片资料的综合分析，结合区域古地貌特征、地震相研究成果，详细论述了琼东南盆地陵水凹陷北部梅山组砂质碎屑流砂岩沉积构造特征及识别标志，并在此基础上建立了研究区砂质碎屑流沉积模式。研究区梅山组砂质碎屑流砂岩主要为厚层块状构造粉砂岩-极细砂岩以及具有丰富同生变形构造的粉砂质泥岩、泥岩与粉砂岩互层2种岩性组合，成因为陆架坡折之上的三角洲前缘、前三角洲沉积物发生整体性"冻结"滑动、滑塌再沉积所形成，其平面分布主要受陆架坡折所控制，大致呈平行于陆架坡折带分布的舌形形态。结合区域油气成藏要素研究认为研究区砂质碎屑流砂岩可通过沟源断层沟通深部烃源岩，形成下生上储型岩性油气藏，为琼东南盆地大中型油气藏勘探突破的重点领域。 相似文献
20.
辽北凡河地区雾迷山期火山岩可划分为海相火山熔岩与次火山岩,受基底断裂构造控制,遭受与围岩同步的褶皱变形。海相火山熔岩主要为细碧岩、蚀变玄武岩;次火山岩主要为次蚀变辉绿岩、熔岩状次蚀变辉绿岩,两者具有相似的稀土丰度及稀土分馏特征。凡河地区火山岩形成于大陆克拉通内的活动带,即裂陷槽强烈活动阶段的产物。 相似文献