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口虾蛄的生物学特征及其人工苗种生产技术 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
本文综述了口虾蛄形态与生态习性,摄食与生长,交尾繁殖等生物学特性。介绍了亲虾蛄的选择和培育技术,产卵及其护理行为,口虾蛄幼体发育特征,幼体培养等有关苗种技术。 相似文献
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虾蛄的繁殖生物学及人工繁殖概述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
虾蛄 (Ｓｑｕｉｌｌａ)俗名虾爬子 ,螳螂虾等 ,隶属于节肢动物门 ,甲壳纲 ,口足目 ,虾蛄科。虾蛄分布很广 ,从俄罗斯的大彼得海湾到日本及中国沿海 ,菲律宾 ,马来半岛 ,夏威夷群岛都有分布 ［１］。虾蛄因其肉味鲜美 ,营养丰富而倍受青睐。近年来因海洋开发其资源日益减少 ,因此对其开展人工育苗已势在必行。目前国内已作过育苗研究的黑斑口虾蛄 (Ｏｒａｔｏｓｑｕｉｌｌａｋｅｍｐｉ)和口虾蛄 (Ｏｒａｔｏｓｑｕｉｌｌａｏｒａｔｏｒｉａ)均隶属于虾蛄科 ,口虾蛄属。现将它们的繁殖生物学及人工繁殖技术要点作一概括。１繁殖生物学虾蛄雌雄… 相似文献
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多倍体贝类的繁殖生物学研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文综述了国内外多倍体贝类繁殖生物学的研究现状。主要是从多倍体贝类的性腺发育、生殖细胞、减数分裂、繁殖力以及其性成熟年龄和性比等方面进行了论述。三倍体贝类的性腺虽然有一定程度的发育，但总体表现出高度的不育，而四倍体贝类的性腺发育正常；三倍体、四倍体贝类的生殖细胞明显大于同龄的二倍体的生殖细胞；多出的几套染色体使多倍体贝类减数分裂时染色体的分离形式复杂化；多倍体贝类的性成熟年龄与二倍体基本一致，三倍体贝类雌雄比例与二倍体有所不同，雌雄同体的比例增大。 相似文献
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对绒螯近方蟹(Hemigrapsuspenicillatus)的生态习性和繁殖生物学进行了初步的调查和实验研究。雌性、雄性甲宽与体重的关系分别为W♀=0.6056×L2.9806(n=132,r=0.96),W♂=0.5893×L3.1215(n=50,r=0.97)。抱卵量与甲宽的关系为Q=865.82L-7275(r=0.97)。幼体发育分为5期状幼体和1期大眼幼体。胚胎、状幼体和大眼幼体的发育积温分别为219.4℃,226.35℃,49.3℃(以12℃为生物学零度)。 相似文献
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用扁藻、酵母、“鱼油 酵母”强化和“不强化”4种方式处理的卤虫无节幼体投喂黑斑口虾蛄各期幼体,比较不同强化方法对黑斑口虾蛄幼体成活率、变态率、生长速度及总脂与脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明,3种方式强化12h后的卤虫无节幼体与对照组相比,总脂含量都有不同程度的增加。卤虫无节幼体的脂肪酸组成与强化方式密切相关,其中“鱼油 酵母”强化的卤虫无节幼体20∶5n-3(EPA)和22∶6n-3(DHA)占总脂肪酸的比例最高,分别为5·74%和4·84%。投喂强化后富含EPA和DHA的卤虫无节幼体,可增加黑斑口虾蛄幼体体内脂肪酸尤其是EPA和DHA等不饱和脂肪酸的含量,从而提高其幼体的成活率、变态率与发育速度。 相似文献
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鱼类生物学特征研究包括叉长、体重分布,胃含物种类及出现频率,性腺发育状程度方面。根据2012年3-9月以及2014年4-8月在东南太平洋采集的1 055尾智利竹筴鱼样本,选取性腺成熟度Ⅲ期以上的智利竹筴鱼雌性样本,对个体繁殖力及其与生物学指标的关系进行了研究。结果显示,样本叉长范围为182~581 mm,体重范围为62.2~1 494 g,绝对繁殖力在42 211~305 305粒,平均繁殖力为145 482粒;个体叉长相对繁殖力在142~686粒/mm平均值为371粒/mm;个体体重相对繁殖力在133~349粒/g平均值为211粒/g。绝对繁殖力与叉长、体重、纯体重及性腺重等生物学指标显著性正相关,8月份的摄食强度较高,可能与性腺的发育和繁殖有关。 相似文献
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Zhang Zhifeng 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(Z1):92-98
我国在海洋动物发育与繁殖生 物学方面的研究是随着国民经济的迅速发展而起步的,并且在某些方面已取得了举世瞩目的 成就。作者着重对我国近50年来,海洋经济动物的发育和繁殖生物学研究作一综述。 相似文献
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受河流沿岸工农业发展以及人口急剧增加影响,小清河河口及邻近海域受到严重污染。口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)作为小清河河口及邻近海域重要渔业资源之一,承受着巨大的捕捞和生存压力。为了掌握口虾蛄种群在该区域的种群遗传多样性,本研究于2020年6—10月在小清河河口及邻近海域采集口虾蛄生物样本,进行了基于线粒体COI基因的种群遗传多样性分析。研究结果表明,基于216条长度为655bp的COI基因片段,共定义90个单倍型,63个多态位点,其中包括59个转换位点,1个颠换位点和3个转换与颠换同时存在的位点,核苷酸多样性指数和单倍型多样性分别为0.9700和0.0051。与其他海域相比,小清河河口种群遗传多样性处于相对较高水平;同时遗传结构分析发现黄渤海与东海及南海分布的口虾蛄种群遗传变异较大,但黄渤海海域内遗传变异较小。通过本研究基本掌握了小清河河口及邻近海域口虾蛄种群遗传多样性背景,也可为口虾蛄资源管理以及种质资源库建立等提供科学的基础理论依据。 相似文献
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Qi-Kang Bo Yun-Zhao Lu Hui-Jing Mi Yan-Guang Yu De-Xian Gu Hong-Zheng You Shuang Hao 《Marine Ecology》2020,41(4):e12594
Bohai Bay, a representative semi-enclosed bay of China, has been severely impacted in recent decades by rapid human development. Although the mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria plays an important role in the Bohai Bay ecosystem and fishery, its feeding ecology and the impact of habitat changes on its feeding habits are poorly known. In this study, we sought to identify its feeding strategy through the separation of stomach contents, and to describe its trophic ecology during maturation in the Tianjin coastal zone of Bohai Bay by the DNA barcoding method using a fragment (about 690 bp) of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (CO I) gene. A total of 594 specimens were collected from March to July 2018, and 347 (58.42%) stomachs were found to have food remains. More than half of the O. oratoria individuals had poor feeding activity, and the degree of feeding of females was higher than that of males, but there was no significant difference in the visual fullness index and the fullness weight index (FWI) between sexes for each month. In addition, the feeding activity of O. oratoria was consistent across the months, suggesting in artificial breeding programs it is not worried too much about the accessional diet supplied to the female bloodstocks except maintaining their normal food. A total of 167 retrieved prey items yielded 187 readable sequences; 86.63% of these sequences could be assigned to the species level. Consequently, 25 different prey taxa covering all readable sequences were identified, showing O. oratoria is a generalist predator. In terms of percent composition by frequency of occurrences (%N), crustaceans and fishes accounted for the same and highest percentage (35.83%) in the mantis shrimp diet, followed by mollusks (24.59%) and the remaining marine organisms (3.73%) including Polychaeta (2.67%), Sagittoidea (0.53%), and Chromadorea (0.53%). The result shows the benthic fish Oxudercidae (family) appears to be an especially important food supply for O. oratoria during maturation. The degree of cannibalism decreased with an increase in diet species and the frequencies of cannibalism in this study was noticeably higher than that in previous studies, suggesting that cannibalism may be a significant feeding strategy in the mantis shrimp O. oratoria in the Tianjin coastal zone of Bohai Bay, and because of the frequently cannibalistic behavior, the high stocking density of broodstocks should be avoided. 相似文献
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褐毛鲿全人工繁殖技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了掌握褐毛鲿(Megalonibea fusca)繁殖生物学特性并突破全人工繁殖技术,作者介绍了1998～2002年项目实施期间,对褐毛鲿的性成熟年龄、生殖季节、产卵水温、性腺发育与性周期、产卵类型与产卵量、室内产卵池催产、海上网箱催产、亲鱼产卵率、受精率、催产激素与剂量、全人工繁殖技术等所做的研究,讨论和总结了褐毛鲿亲鱼的强化培育,人工催产的方法与措施。 相似文献
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舟山沿岸渔场甲壳类群落结构特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据2015年11月和2016年5月在舟山沿岸渔场开展渔业资源调查所获得的甲壳类资料,应用相对重要性指数、生物多样性指数、多元统计分析等方法,对甲壳类的种类组成、优势种、生物多样性、相似性群落结构特征及其与环境之间的关系等进行了研究。结果表明,该项调查在舟山沿岸渔场共捕获并鉴定出甲壳类42种,其中,蟹类20种,隶属于11科5属;虾类21种,隶属于8科15属;虾蛄类1种,隶属于1科1属。秋季的甲壳类物种数高于春季,且秋季优势种有三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)、安氏白虾(Exopalaemon annandalei)以及口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria),而春季则没有明显的优势种出现。生物多样性指数也表现为秋季明显高于春季,且随水深而变化的趋势明显。根据聚类(CLUSTER)分析与非度量多维标度排序(MDS)分析,可将甲壳类划分为4个群落,利用相似性(SIMPER)分析显示群落间相异程度高于相似程度,且秋季的群落相似性高于春季。 相似文献
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ＵｓｅｏｆａｎｅｗｃｌｏｎｅｏｆＡｒｔｅｍｉａｐａｒｔｈｅｎｏｇｅｎｅｔｉｃａ（ＯＰ１）ｔｏｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｇｅｎｅｔｉｃｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎ￥／／ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｒｅａｒｅｐａｌｔｈｅｎｏｇｅｎｅｔｉｃａｎｄｂｉＳｅｘｕａｌｒｅｐｎｄｕ... 相似文献
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Eva Ramirez-Llodra Joan B. Company Mercedes Camps & Guiomar Rotllant 《Marine Ecology》2007,28(4):470-479
Pasiphaea multidentata is a deep‐water caridean shrimp fished in the Mediterranean in association with the commercially exploited red‐shrimp Aristeus antennatus. A previous study describes seasonality in the reproductive pattern of P. multidentata using external morphological parametres. This study assesses the spatio‐temporal variations in the population structure, sex ratio, ovary cycle and gametogenesis of P. multidentata from three different fishing grounds in the Blanes canyon and adjacent margin (North‐western Mediterranean) over an annual cycle. The oogenetic pattern of this species is typical of a caridean shrimp. There is a pool of previtellogenic oocytes at all times that develop from the periphery of the gonad towards the centre during maturation. Previtellogenic oocytes grow to approximately 200 μm before undergoing vitellogenesis. The vitellogenic oocytes are surrounded by a monolayer of accessory cells. The maximum size observed for a mature oocyte was 1420 μm. The oocyte‐size distribution confirmed the seasonal reproductive pattern of this species; in winter, the ovaries contained mainly previtellogenic oocytes, some of which start maturing in spring, resulting in a slightly bimodal distribution. In summer, the vitellogenic oocytes reach approximately 1000 μm and in late autumn the ovaries are fully mature and ready to spawn. There were no significant differences in the reproductive and population structure patterns of P. multidentata among the three sites, suggesting that the population’s distribution is not affected by the geomorphology of the area, in particular the presence of the canyon. The populations are dominated by females at all sites and all seasons, with the arrival of juveniles in spring. The seasonal variations in the reproduction and recruitment of P. multidentata and the lack of spatial segregation within the population are discussed in terms of the species’ known biology, the effects of canyons in energy supply to the deep‐sea floor and the relationships of this species with the red‐shrimp A. antennatus. 相似文献
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Wei Shouqing 《海洋学报(英文版)》1991,10(3):480-480
A study was made on the polyculture of the red algae Gracilaria tenuistipitata Chang et Xia f. Liui Zhang et Xia, f. nov. , the shrimp Penaeus penicillatus Alcock and the mud crab Scylla serrata (Forskal) . The photosynthesis of the algae produces the oxygen on which the shrimp and the crab breathe. The algae are the reproductive place of the organism for the food of the shrimp and the carb, also is the shelter of the shrimp and the crab. The shrimp and the crab regard the algae as the vegetable 相似文献
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Habitat suitability index(HSI) models have been widely used to analyze the relationship between species abundance and environmental factors, and ultimately inform management of marine species. The response of species abundance to each environmental variable is different and habitat requirements may change over life history stages and seasons. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the optimal combination of environmental variables in HSI modelling. In this study, generalized additive models(GAMs) were used to determine which environmental variables to be included in the HSI models. Significant variables were retained and weighted in the HSI model according to their relative contribution(%) to the total deviation explained by the boosted regression tree(BRT). The HSI models were applied to evaluate the habitat suitability of mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria in the Haizhou Bay and adjacent areas in 2011 and 2013–2017. Ontogenetic and seasonal variations in HSI models of mantis shrimp were also examined. Among the four models(non-optimized model, BRT informed HSI model,GAM informed HSI model, and both BRT and GAM informed HSI model), both BRT and GAM informed HSI model showed the best performance. Four environmental variables(bottom temperature, depth, distance offshore and sediment type) were selected in the HSI models for four groups(spring-juvenile, spring-adult, falljuvenile and fall-adult) of mantis shrimp. The distribution of habitat suitability showed similar patterns between juveniles and adults, but obvious seasonal variations were observed. This study suggests that the process of optimizing environmental variables in HSI models improves the performance of HSI models, and this optimization strategy could be extended to other marine organisms to enhance the understanding of the habitat suitability of target species. 相似文献
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中国经济头足类增养殖现状及展望 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
头足类(Cephalopods)是软体动物门的重要组成部分,在中国海洋渔业中占有重要的经济地位。开展头足类增养殖,对于保护中国种质资源、提高头足类产量具有重要意义。本文就目前中国主要的经济头足类,包括金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)、拟目乌贼(S.lycidas)、虎斑乌贼(S.pharaonis)、无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)、长蛸(Octopus minor)、真蛸(O.vulgaris)以及短蛸(Amphioctopus fangsiao)的繁殖习性、幼体培育、成体养成等各阶段生活史的研究进展和存在问题进行阐述,并对其发展前景进行展望,旨在为中国头足类养殖产业提供借鉴。 相似文献