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海洋可控源电磁法已经成为海洋油气勘探一个重要工具,但是其资料处理和解释还处于定性和一维模拟阶段.在积分方程三维模拟的基础上对Troll油田实测数据进行了处理,采用人机交互三维模拟寻找背景模型和异常体初始模型,最后对异常体电阻率采用准线性近似快速反演,取得了定量的结果.同时,说明对于二维测线和二维模型依然可以用三维来模拟,其结果优于二维反演.在电子计算机技术快速发展的今天,可以预计三维反演将成为资料处理解释的主流. 相似文献
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复杂地形、地质条件的大地电磁数据解释容易出现假象,采用三维正演技术模拟地形和地表不均匀体的背景响应,对实测数据阻抗相位不变量进行校正,实现更准确的定性分析;对三维异常体模型的合成数据进行一维、二维多参数反演试算,以确定地形剧变区选择反演技术的最佳方案.合成数据的试反演结果显示一维反演水平切片假异常较多,二维反演能压制测向假异常,但不能压制走向的假异常,水平切片多出现测向条带.使用本文提出的阻抗相位不变量校正法扣除地形、地表背景响应,结合一维、二维反演,能使实际资料解释成果更加可靠. 相似文献
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对不同地球物理方法的数据进行联合反演,通过模型参数的相互约束可以减小反演的多解性.本文对电阻率法和重力勘探数据开展了基于电阻率和剩余密度梯度累加约束的二维联合反演研究.电阻率法采用数据空间Occam反演,重力勘探采用基于对数障碍法的正则化反演.通过在电阻率法和重力勘探反演的目标函数中引入电阻率和剩余密度梯度累加约束项,利用交替迭代方式实现了电阻率法和重力勘探数据的二维联合反演.对理论模型合成数据进行了单方法反演和联合反演,对比了反演效果.结果表明：联合反演结果优于单方法反演结果,联合反演结果对异常体的物性值恢复和形态刻画效果更好. 相似文献
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时间域激发极化法(Time-domain induced polarization method,简称为TDIP)已有的反演算法采用的是分步反演的思路,即先由视电阻率资料反演电阻率,固定电阻率再由视极化率资料反演极化率,这样就存在极化率结果严重依赖于电阻率反演结果的问题.为了有效解决这一问题,本文实现了TDIP二维数据空间分步反演算法,提出了基于交叉梯度约束的TDIP二维同步反演策略,实现了交叉梯度约束的电阻率和极化率二维同步反演算法.分别用电阻率和极化率结构一致和不一致的二维模型合成数据进行了分步和同步反演试算,对不同模型试算结果进行了对比分析.结果表明:对于电阻率和极化率结构一致和不一致模型,同步反演结果比分步反演结果能更好地确定异常体的空间分布范围,反演得到的电阻率和极化率值更接近真值.理论模型算例表明本文提出的同步反演算法有效解决了分步反演的问题,优于分步反演算法,具有更好的实用性. 相似文献
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为改善反演效果,获得全局最小解,减小反演结果对初始模型的依赖程度,本文将变维数贝叶斯反演应用于时间域航空电磁数据反演。变维数贝叶斯反演方法在贝叶斯方法基础上利用可逆跳跃马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛方法(RJMCMC)实现反演模型层数的变化。这种方法根据建议分布并利用蒙特卡洛方法充分搜索模型空间进行随机采样。只统计同时满足数据拟合要求和接受概率的候选模型,受初始模型影响小,收敛稳定,反演结果可靠,最终可获得反演模型的概率分布和不确定度信息。由于实际飞行中发射源高度很难精确测量,因此本文在反演过程中将发射源高度分为不变和发射源高度变化两种情况。同时本文在电阻率先验概率密度函数中引入加权系数以调整对反演模型的约束强度,可有效地解决电阻率断面中间层反演效果不理想的问题。本文通过反演中心回线装置的H型和分离装置K型、HK型断面添加高斯噪声后的仿真数据以及实测数据,验证了变维数贝叶斯方法反演时间域航空电磁数据的有效性。 相似文献
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信号去噪是海洋可控源电磁勘探(Marine Controlled-Source Electromagnetic,MCSEM)数据处理过程中的重要环节.在中、远收发距处,大地天然电磁信号(Magneto Telluric,MT)是影响MCSEM反演质量的主要噪声之一.尽管已有学者提出一些MT噪声降噪方法,但由于缺乏降噪效果的量化评价,导致这些方法的有效性亟待验证.针对上述问题,本文将信号和噪声一维正演、噪声降噪处理、电阻率一维反演相结合,提出一种MT噪声降噪效果评估方法.该方法利用电阻率反演结果与电阻率输入值的均方相对误差作为降噪效果的量化评价指标.为提高灵活性,既可以利用正演的手段生成MT噪声,也可以直接输入MCSEM发射机不开机时间段的实测数据作为MT噪声.利用该评估方法,验证了短时窗结合预白化滤波降噪方法的有效性.在所开展的实验中,实测数据的均方相对误差为231%.相比于不进行降噪处理的直接反演结果,均方相对误差减小了126%.本文所研究的评估方法可应用于MT噪声降噪方法有效性的量化评估,也可推广至其他类型噪声降噪效果的量化评估. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2017,(3)
目前国内瞬变电磁数据处理与解释主要停留在一维阶段,但实际数据均来自地下三维结构.针对这一现状,本文采用三维有限差分正演程序生成三维模型的瞬变电磁数据,然后利用Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)方法对数据进行一维反演,以探讨三维模型数据的一维反演效果.大定源回线数据的一维反演结果表明,当水平尺度足够大时,在测点范围内能获取异常体的准确信息,而随着异常体水平尺度的减小,所获取的异常响应会逐渐减小,测点范围内的异常体结构恢复程度也会逐渐降低,尤其当异常体水平尺度明显小于大定源尺度时,所获得的异常响应比较微弱,且单纯增加异常体的垂直尺度并不能增强异常响应.而由异常体三维效应引起的反向异常则会随着异常体水平尺度的减小而先增大,而后随着总体异常响应的减小而减小.中心回线与大定源回线一维反演结果对比表明,中心回线反演可能得到更强烈的异常响应,但对于削弱三维异常体所引起的反向异常可能没有效果,反而可能在获取更强异常响应的同时进一步放大这种反向异常.要使一维LM方法获取与真实异常体比较接近而反向异常比较弱的一维反演结果,可能需要异常体水平尺度相对异常体垂直尺度、异常体的埋深、发射线框的尺寸均比较大. 相似文献
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航空瞬变电磁法适用于浅表地层的大面积探测,由于实测数据量巨大,一维反演作为一种快速高效的方法被广泛应用.在层状地电条件下,横向约束反演能有效的改善传统单点阻尼最小二乘反演结果中界面横向不连续的情况,但其存在反演过程依赖初始模型,且在复杂层状情况下迭代不稳定的问题.本文提出一种基于OCCAM反演并在正则化项中引入横向光滑约束的光滑拟二维反演方法,在保持OCCAM方法对初始模型依赖性小优势的同时,也使得相邻测点电性横向连续.在反演过程中采用令满足迭代误差的测点不再参与后续迭代的策略,以此减少不必要的正演和雅可比计算,提高反演效率.通过对三个不同地电情况的理论模拟数据进行光滑拟二维反演,并与其他传统反演方法对比,验证了该方法能有效的提高反演稳定性,得到与理论模型高度吻合的反演结果. 相似文献
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传统核磁共振地下含水量解释多采用基于均匀半空间或层状导电模型的一维反演,分层给出地下含水信息.然而,这些方法忽略了地下复杂电阻率分布信息对结果的影响,也不能很好地反映局部三维含水构造.本文从三维电介质中核磁共振响应的正演理论出发,提出首先利用瞬变电磁数据进行基于等效导电平面法的快速电阻率成像,然后将成像结果作为核磁共振三维反演的电性模型,进行联合解释.激发磁场的分布采用有限元法直接求解,通过引入伪δ源实现电流源的加载,并强加散度条件排除了三维磁场模拟中"弱解"的影响.针对核磁共振灵敏度矩阵的病态性和数据中存在的干扰信号,提出考虑罚项的非线性拟合目标函数,利用线性化方法进行核磁共振反演.模型数据表明该方法能较准确反映地下三维含水构造,实测算例进一步证明了方法的有效性.本研究将促使核磁共振方法在岩溶、裂隙水、孤立水体等复杂水文地质条件及隧道、矿井灾害水源探测等方面得到有效应用. 相似文献
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Effects of the sea floor topography on the 1D inversion of time‐domain marine controlled source electromagnetic data 
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下载免费PDF全文 Time‐domain marine controlled source electromagnetic methods have been used successfully for the detection of resistive targets such as hydrocarbons, gas hydrate, or marine groundwater aquifers. As the application of time‐domain marine controlled source electromagnetic methods increases, surveys in areas with a strong seabed topography are inevitable. In these cases, an important question is whether bathymetry information should be included in the interpretation of the measured electromagnetic field or not. Since multi‐dimensional inversion is still not common in time‐domain marine controlled source electromagnetic methods, bathymetry effects on the 1D inversion of single‐offset and multi‐offset joint inversions of time‐domain controlled source electromagnetic methods data are investigated. We firstly used an adaptive finite element algorithm to calculate the time‐domain controlled source electromagnetic methods responses of 2D resistivity models with seafloor topography. Then, 1D inversions are applied on the synthetic data derived from marine resistivity models, including the topography in order to study the possible topography effects on the 1D interpretation. To evaluate the effects of topography with various steepness, the slope angle of the seabed topography is varied in the synthetic modelling studies for deep water (air interaction is absent or very weak) and shallow water (air interaction is dominant), respectively. Several different patterns of measuring configurations are considered, such as the systems adopting nodal receivers and the bottom‐towed system. According to the modelling results for deep water when air interaction is absent, the 2D topography can distort the measured electric field. The distortion of the data increases gradually with the enlarging of the topography's slope angle. In our test, depending on the configuration, the seabed topography does not affect the 1D interpretation significantly if the slope angle is less or around 10°. However, if the slope angle increases to 30° or more, it is possible that significant artificial layers occur in inversion results and lead to a wrong interpretation. In a shallow water environment with seabed topography, where the air interaction dominates, it is possible to uncover the true subsurface resistivity structure if the water depth for the 1D inversion is properly chosen. In our synthetic modelling, this scheme can always present a satisfactory data fit in the 1D inversion if only one offset is used in the inversion process. However, the determination of the optimal water depth for a multi‐offset joint inversion is challenging due to the various air interaction for different offsets. 相似文献
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In order to interpret field data from small-loop electromagnetic (EM) instruments with fixed source–receiver separation, 1D inversion method is commonly used due to its efficiency with regard to computation costs. This application of 1D inversion is based on the assumption that small-offset broadband EM signals are insensitive to lateral resistivity variation. However, this assumption can be false when isolated conductive bodies such as man-made objects are embedded in the earth. Thus, we need to clarify the applicability of the 1D inversion method for small-loop EM data. In order to systematically analyze this conventional inversion approach, we developed a 2D EM inversion algorithm and verified this algorithm with a synthetic EM data set. 1D and 2D inversions were applied to synthetic and field EM data sets. The comparison of these inversion results shows that the resistivity distribution of the subsurface constructed by the 1D inversion approach can be distorted when the earth contains man-made objects, because they induce drastic variation of the resistivity distribution. By analyzing the integrated sensitivity of the small-loop EM method, we found that this pitfall of 1D inversion may be caused by the considerable sensitivity of the small-loop EM responses to lateral resistivity variation. However, the application of our 2D inversion algorithm to synthetic and field EM data sets demonstrate that the pitfall of 1D inversion due to man-made objects can be successfully alleviated. Thus, 2D EM inversion is strongly recommended for detecting conductive isolated bodies, such as man-made objects, whereas this approach may not always be essential for interpreting the EM field data. 相似文献
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Inversion of band-limited TEM responses 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
It is shown that the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is characterized by strong amplitude-modulated transmitters operating in the target bandwidth of transient electromagnetic (TEM) measurements. As these transmitters cause significant noise in TEM soundings, it is mandatory to band-limit the input signals to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and thereby the depth of exploration. Band-limitation will distort the TEM responses, which leads to erroneous inversion results if the applied low-pass filters are not accounted for in the inversion scheme. We incorporate the low-pass filters in the inversion scheme and test the inversion approach on theoretical and field data. Inversion of band-limited theoretical responses results in recovery of erroneous resistivity models if the filters are not included in the inversion scheme. By contrast, inversion of band-limited theoretical and field data, for which the applied low-pass filters are included in the inversion scheme, leads to recovery of similar resistivity models, independent of the applied cut-off frequencies. 相似文献
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如何得到快速稳定的反演结果和更清晰的地质体分界面等问题仍然是当前MT反演研究的一个重点.为了解决反演结果不能得到清晰的电性分界面的问题,本文在前人研究的基础上,基于OCCAM反演以及突出尖锐边界反演的思想,结合最小支撑梯度泛函,构建了新的反演目标函数,并利用共轭梯度法优化目标函数,实现了一种光滑模型与尖锐边界结合的MT二维反演方法.模型实验证明了该方法的准确性,通过与已发表的相关反演方法的结果进行比较,证明了该方法在光滑稳定的基础上可突出对尖锐电性边界的刻画.对广东徐闻地区的实测MT资料进行了处理,表明了该方法的适用性和效果. 相似文献
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地表起伏地形在野外矿产资源勘察中不可避免,其对直流电阻率法勘探影响巨大.近年来,电阻率三维正演取得诸多进展,特别是应用非结构网格我们能够进行任意复杂地形和几何模型的电阻率三维数值模拟,但面向实际应用的起伏地形下电阻率三维反演依然困难.本文基于非结构化四面体网格,并考虑到应用GPS/GNSS时,区域地球物理调查中可非规则布设测网的实际特点,实现了任意地形(平坦或起伏)条件下、任意布设的偶极-偶极视电阻率数据的不完全Gauss-Newton三维反演.合成数据的反演结果表明了方法的有效性,可应用于复杂野外环境下的三维电法勘探. 相似文献
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本文提出了能提高异常体分辨能力,同时得到绝对电导率的地面磁电阻率数据三维反演方法.磁电阻率响应用准直流的低频磁场代替;数值模拟由频率域电场满足的Helmholtz方程出发,采用三维交错网格有限差分法;长直导线源作为发射源,其中源的计算包含在背景场中;结合地面磁电阻率数据各分量的特点,选择y分量进行反演研究;反演采用三维非线性共轭梯度反演技术,为了提高异常体的深度分辨能力,进行迭代重构反演;用印模法对初始模型进行重构,采用的是辅模型在浅部,元模型在深部的组合方式.从合成数据和实际数据的反演结果可以得到以下的认识:(1)由频率域麦克斯韦方程组出发,低频磁场数据反演可以直接得到电导率,而不是相对电导率之比;(2)采用印模法组合初始模型,进行迭代重构反演,可以提高地面磁电阻率数据反演对异常体的分辨能力,确定埋深位置,同时不会丧失对于浅部异常体的分辨能力;(3)在结合印模法的地面磁电阻率数据三维反演中,深部异常体的分辨能力受地表不均匀导电体影响较小;(4)确定印模深度可以采用上一次重构反演结束时的模型变化量,通过相邻两次重构反演结束时的模型变化量之差来确定迭代重构是否终止.因为静磁场与重力场在数学上的相似性,本文的反演方法可以被运用到重力场等位场的地面数据的反演中. 相似文献
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Out‐of‐plane effects in 2D borehole‐to‐surface resistivity tomography and applications in mineral exploration 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 In this paper, we discuss the effects of anomalous out‐of‐plane bodies in two‐dimensional (2D) borehole‐to‐surface electrical resistivity tomography with numerical resistivity modelling and synthetic inversion tests. The results of the two groups of synthetic resistivity model tests illustrate that anomalous bodies out of the plane of interest have an effect on two‐dimensional inversion and that the degree of influence of out‐of‐plane body on inverted images varies. The different influences are derived from two cases. One case is different resistivity models with the same electrode array, and the other case is the same resistivity model with different electrode arrays. Qualitative interpretation based on the inversion tests shows that we cannot find a reasonable electrode array to determine the best inverse solution and reveal the subsurface resistivity distribution for all types of geoelectrical models. Because of the three‐dimensional effect arising from neighbouring anomalous bodies, the qualitative interpretation of inverted images from the two‐dimensional inversion of electrical resistivity tomography data without prior information can be misleading. Two‐dimensional inversion with drilling data can decrease the three‐dimensional effect. We employed two‐ and three‐dimensional borehole‐to‐surface electrical resistivity tomography methods with a pole–pole array and a bipole–bipole array for mineral exploration at Abag Banner and Hexigten Banner in Inner Mongolia, China. Different inverse schemes were carried out for different cases. The subsurface resistivity distribution obtained from the two‐dimensional inversion of the field electrical resistivity tomography data with sufficient prior information, such as drilling data and other non‐electrical data, can better describe the actual geological situation. When there is not enough prior information to carry out constrained two‐dimensional inversion, the three‐dimensional electrical resistivity tomography survey is the better choice. 相似文献
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多道瞬变电磁法是目前地面资源勘查领域的研究热点,开展该方法观测数据的一维反演对完成装备研发及技术推广具有积极的推动作用.针对多道瞬变电磁法特殊的源波形和数据采集方式,本文对多道瞬变电磁数据的响应提取和一维反演进行了研究.首先,采用反卷积方法从伪随机二进制序列全波形响应数据中提取大地脉冲响应.为了避免脉冲响应中空气波的干扰,提出采用反向积分算法,把脉冲响应转换成下降沿阶跃响应,并将其整理成共中点道集.最后,为充分利用各个偏移距下的响应数据对不同深度范围目标体的分辨能力,采用基于OCCAM算法的联合反演方法对共中心点道集数据进行联合反演.结果表明在不同目标体深度以及有噪声干扰的情况下,共中心点道集数据联合反演计算均可获得较好的结果. 相似文献