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1.
《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,(6)
We present results on the effect of modified clay on cyst formation of Scrippsiella trochoidea in harmful algal bloom(HAB).Modified clay(in concentration of 0,0.1,0.5,and 1.0 g/L) were added to cultures,and observations were made on cysts of 5.trochoidea under controlled laboratory conditions.Results indicate that the removal rate of algal cells reached 97.7%at the clay concentration of 1.0 g/L.The cyst formation rate increased from 4.6%to 24.6%when the concentration of clay was increased from 0to 1.0 g/L.Two cyst metamorphs were observed:spinal calcareous cysts and smooth noncalcareous ones.The proportion of the spinal cysts decreased from 76.9%to 24.1%when clay concentration increased from0 to 1.0 g/L.In addition,modified clay affected cyst germination.The germination rate decreased with the increases in the clay concentrations.Non-calcareous cysts had a lower germination rate with a longer germination time.We conclude that modified clay could depress algal cell multiplication and promote formation of temporal cysts of 5.trochoidea,which may help in controlling HAB outbreaks. 相似文献
2.
We present results on the effect of modified clay on cyst formation of Scrippsiella trochoidea in harmful algal bloom （HAB）. Modified clay （in concentration of 0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 g/L） were added to cultures, and observations were made on cysts of S. trochoidea under controlled laboratory conditions. Results indicate that the removal rate of algal cells reached 97.7% at the clay concentration of 1.0 g/L. The cyst formation rate increased from 4.6% to 24.6% when the concentration of clay was increased from 0 to 1.0 g/L. Two cyst metamorphs were observed： spinal calcareous cysts and smooth noncalcareous ones. The proportion of the spinal cysts decreased from 76.9% to 24.1% when clay concentration increased from 0 to 1.0 g/L. In addition, modified clay affected cyst germination. The germination rate decreased with the increases in the clay concentrations. Non-calcareous cysts had a lower germination rate with a longer germination time. We conclude that modified clay could depress algal cell multiplication and promote formation of temporal cysts of S. trochoidea, which may help in controlling HAB outbreaks. 相似文献
3.
温度对匙吻鲟胚胎与仔鱼发育的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究不同温度下匙吻鲟(Polyodon spathula)的胚胎与仔鱼发育。结果表明,26℃时,匙吻鲟胚胎发育到大卵黄栓期全部死亡;在15～24℃范围内,胚胎均可孵化出膜,孵化时间与温度呈极显著的负相关关系(P<0.01)。胚胎发育的最适温度范围为18～22℃,最佳温度为20℃,生物学零度为12.30℃。卵黄囊期仔鱼历时随温度的升高而缩短。在16～22℃范围内,温度对卵黄囊期仔鱼生长的影响极显著(P<0.01),22～24℃影响不显著(P<0.05)。在22～26℃范围内,仔鱼生长的差异不显著(P<0.05),成活率低,且畸形率极显著地高于16～20℃(P<0.01)。匙吻鲟仔鱼早期发育的最适温度范围为18～20℃,温度过高是造成仔鱼畸形率增加的主要原因之一。 相似文献
4.
The concentration of Fe(Ⅱ) is high in some groundwater supplies used in turbot culture,and the toxicity of waterborne Fe(Ⅱ) is unknown.We investigated the stress responses of juvenile turbot,Scophthalmus maximus,exposed to Fe(Ⅱ) of different concentrations (0.01,0.05,0.1,0.5,1,and 2 mg/L) for 1,7,14,and 28 d,under the same ambient conditions of other parameters.Changes in respiratory rate,hematological parameters,and gill structure were determined.The results show that waterborne Fe(Ⅱ) did not cause severe hematological perturbation to turbot.A low-medium Fe(Ⅱ) concentration (lower than 0.1 mg/L) could boost the respiratory rate,and caused no or very limited damage to fish.A high Fe(Ⅱ) concentration (0.1 mg/L or higher),however,caused gill damage,such as vacuoles in branchial lamellae,epithelial necrosis,and hypertrophy of epithelial cells,and even death after extended exposure time.Therefore,excess waterborne Fe(Ⅱ) and long-term exposure to Fe(Ⅱ) could be responsible for poor growth and high mortality of turbot in culture.The concentration of waterborne Fe(Ⅱ) in turbot culture should be kept below 0.1 mg/L. 相似文献
5.
盐度对虎斑乌贼(Sepia pharaonis)受精卵孵化及幼体活力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水温22±1℃条件下,研究不同盐度(15.0、18.0、21.0、24.0、27.0、30.0、33.0)对虎斑乌贼(Sepia pharaonis)受精卵孵化及幼体活力的影响。结果表明,受精卵孵化适宜盐度范围为27.0~33.0,最适盐度范围为30.0~33.0,随着盐度增加,培育周期和孵化周期呈逐渐缩短趋势,而孵化率则呈先升后降趋势。盐度15.0环境中,初孵幼体经24h累计死亡率为100%;盐度18.0、21.0中,24h的累计死亡率分别为4.15%和5.83%,不投饵存活8d和9d;盐度24.0~33.0中,24h幼体累计死亡率均为0,不投饵存活9~10d。随着盐度的增加,幼体的不投饵存活系数(SAI值)先升后降,在盐度30.0时达到最大值,盐度(y)与SAI值(x)间的函数关系可表示为:y=-0.1764x2+9.807 9x-104.33(r2=0.927 8)。 相似文献
6.
《中国海洋湖沼学报》2016,(5)
Ontogenetic changes in digestive enzyme activities and the amino acid(AA) profile of starry flounder,Platichthys stellatus,were investigated and limiting amino acids were estimated compared with the essential AA profile between larvae and live food to clarify starry flounder larval nutritional requirements.Larvae were collected at the egg stage and 0,2,4,7,12,17,24 days after hatching(DAH)for analysis.Larvae grew from 1.91 mm at hatching to 12.13 mm at 24 DAH.Trypsin and chymotrypsin activities changed slightly by 4 DAH and then increased significantly 4 DAH.Pepsin activity increased sharply beginning 17 DAH.Lipase activity increased significantly 4 DAH and increased progressively with larval growth.Amylase activity was also detected in newly hatched larvae and increased 7 DAH followed by a gradual decrease.High free amino acid(FAA) content was detected in starry flounder eggs(110.72mg/g dry weight).Total FAA content dropped to 43.29 mg/g in 4-DAH larvae and then decreased gradually to 13.74 mg/g in 24-DAH larvae.Most FAAs(except lysine and methionine) decreased 50%in 4-DAH larvae compared with those in eggs and then decreased to the lowest values in 24-DAH larvae.Changes in the protein amino acid(PAA) profile were much milder than those observed for FAAs.Most PAAs increased gradually during larval development,except lysine and phenylalanine.The percentages of free threonine,valine,isoleucine,and leucine decreased until the end of the trial,whereas the protein forms of these four AAs followed the opposite trend.A comparison of the essential AA composition of live food(rotifers,Artemia nauplii,and Artemia metanauplii) and larvae suggested that methionine was potentially the first limiting AA.These results may help develop starry flounder larviculture methods by solving the AA imbalance in live food.Moreover,the increased digestive enzyme activities indicate the possibility of introducing artificial compound feed. 相似文献
7.
Ontogenetic changes in digestive enzyme activities and the amino acid (AA) profile of starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus, were investigated and limiting amino acids were estimated compared with the essential AA profile between larvae and live food to clarify starry flounder larval nutritional requirements. Larvae were collected at the egg stage and 0, 2, 4, 7, 12, 17, 24 days after hatching (DAH) for analysis. Larvae grew from 1.91 mm at hatching to 12.13 mm at 24 DAH. Trypsin and chymotrypsin activities changed slightly by 4 DAH and then increased significantly 4 DAH. Pepsin activity increased sharply beginning 17 DAH. Lipase activity increased significantly 4 DAH and increased progressively with larval growth. Amylase activity was also detected in newly hatched larvae and increased 7 DAH followed by a gradual decrease. High free amino acid (FAA) content was detected in starry flounder eggs (110.72 mg/g dry weight). Total FAA content dropped to 43.29 mg/g in 4-DAH larvae and then decreased gradually to 13.74 mg/g in 24-DAH larvae. Most FAAs (except lysine and methionine) decreased >50% in 4-DAH larvae compared with those in eggs and then decreased to the lowest values in 24-DAH larvae. Changes in the protein amino acid (PAA) profile were much milder than those observed for FAAs. Most PAAs increased gradually during larval development, except lysine and phenylalanine. The percentages of free threonine, valine, isoleucine, and leucine decreased until the end of the trial, whereas the protein forms of these four AAs followed the opposite trend. A comparison of the essential AA composition of live food (rotifers, Artemia nauplii, and Artemia metanauplii) and larvae suggested that methionine was potentially the first limiting AA. These results may help develop starry flounder larviculture methods by solving the AA imbalance in live food. Moreover, the increased digestive enzyme activities indicate the possibility of introducing artificial compound feed. 相似文献
8.
We evaluated the dietary protein requirements of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) and their effects on aquatic quality. Five experimental diets were formulated containing 450, 480, 500, 520, and 540 g/kg. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of juvenile turbot (mean initial body weight 34.5 ± 5.5 g) for 88 d. Both the weight gain ratio and feed efficiency increased with increasing dietary protein up to 500 g/kg, but no further improvement was detected when dietary protein levels were >500 g/kg. Protein intake and digestion increased with protein levels, while fecal nitrogen and nitrogen content in seawater increased only when dietary protein exceeded 500 g/kg. Protein digestibility was highest at intermediate dietary protein levels. Chemical oxygen demand, nitrite-nitrogen (NO2--N) and phosphatic-phosphor (PO43--P) levels increased in the rearing water as dietary protein levels increased. The optimum eco-nutrition level of dietary protein for juvenile turbot was 500 g/kg under the current experimental conditions. The diets containing 540 and 500 g/kg protein had similar growth rates and feed conversion ratios, but levels of ammonia (NH4+) and nitrogen were considerably higher in the water and feces, respectively, at the higher level of dietary protein. The difference in the pattern of change between body weight gain and ammonia concentration in water with increasing dietary protein is described by rhomb characteristics. 相似文献
9.
比较在0、5、10、15、20、25、30(自然海水)、35、40、45、50等11个盐度梯度下,菊黄东方鲀(Takiugu flavidus)的受精卵发育和仔鱼生长情况,测定仔鱼的不投饵存活系数(SAI).结果表明:1)菊黄东方鲀受精卵在盐度0~50范围内均可孵化,最适盐度20~25.盐度(x)与孵化时间(y)呈正相关关系,表达式为:y=0.345 x+141.1,R2=0.956.2)实验盐度范围内,菊黄东方鲀仔鱼SAI值为1.55~30.10.3)在盐度5~45条件下,仔鱼皆可存活,存活率为3%~27%.其中,在10~30盐度下存活率较高,为20%~27%.经15 d的培育,仔鱼平均全长为6.28~7.34 mm.低盐度对菊黄东方鲀仔鱼生长更有利,在15~20盐度条件下,仔鱼生长较好,最终平均全长为7.30~7.34 mm.4)根据SAI值和生长状况,仔鱼生长和存活的适宜生长盐度为10~30,最适盐度范围为15~20. 相似文献
10.
As the most widely used plasticizers in the world, phthalate esters (PAEs) are potential endocrine disruption compounds (EDCs). In the present study, the toxicity of dimethyl phthalate (DMP),diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on embryogenesis and larvae development of the marine univalve Haliotis diversicolor supertexta was examined in laboratory. The results show that the malformation of embryos appeared during the experiment, such as embryos died or lysed, small transparent flocculent rings studded on the periphery of the embryo, and the larvae could failed to hatch. In embryo toxic test, embryos incubated at the highest concentration of DMP,DEP and DBP solutions showed significantly high abnormal rate compared with the control, while DEHP solutions displayed no significant difference. In larval toxic test, in all concentrations of DMP, DEP and DBP solutions, larval settlement rates were low significantly than that of the control. Similarly, DEHP solutions show nearly no effect on the larval settlement. The order of toxicity on embryos and larvae is DBP>DEP>DMP>DEHP. Being a simple and easy stimulation to indoor spawn, sensitive to environmental factors, and short culture time, the embryos of 1-1. diversicolor supertexta can be used to indicate toxicity of the PAEs. 相似文献
11.
研究了配合饵料、轮虫、蛋黄、轮虫+人工配合饵料(3～12日龄投喂轮虫,13日龄起投喂配合饵料)等4种开口饵料对奥尼罗非鱼仔鱼生长、发育和存活影响。结果表明,1)投喂不同饵料对奥尼罗非鱼仔鱼生长具有显著影响(P<0.05),轮虫+配合饵料组生长较快,绝对增重率和特定增重率分别为0.011g/d和17.18%d-1;蛋黄组生长最慢,绝对增重率和特定增重率与其他各组差异显著(P<0.05)。2)轮虫+配合饵料与轮虫组的仔鱼成活率较高,分别为90.3%和89.7%,2组差异不显著(P>0.05),且仔鱼发育较好,大部分个体进入稚鱼阶段;蛋黄组成活率最低,只有40.7%,个体发育较为缓慢,与其他各组差异显著(P<0.05)。可见,投喂鲜活的天然饵料(轮虫)+配合饵料是罗非鱼苗种培育的最佳开口饵料。 相似文献
12.
《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2015,(5)
A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary stachyose on the growth performance, digestive enzymes activities and intestinal structures of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L). Five isonitrogenous(49.58% crude protein) and isolipidic(10.50% crude lipid) diets were formulated to contain 0(Control), 0.625%(S-0.625), 1.25%(S-1.25), 2.5%(S-2.5) and 5%(S-5) stachyose, respectively. With the increase of stachyose level, the growth performance and feed utilization of turbot, such as the specific growth rate, final mean body weight, weight gain rate and feed efficiency, increased significantly(P 0.05) and then stabilized. The feed intake of fish fed S-5 was significantly higher(P 0.05) than that of fish in other groups. The activities of trypsin, intestinal caseinolytic, stomach and intestinal amylase were significantly influenced by stachyose(P 0.05). The highest values of trypsin and intestinal caseinolytic activities were observed in group S-1.25, while the highest activity of stomach amylase and the lowest activity of intestine amylase were observed in group S-5. No lesion or damage was found on the distal intestine structures of fish from all treatments, while the height of simple folds in the distal intestine was significantly increased(P 0.05) when 1.25% or 2.5% stachyose was added in the diets. These results indicated that moderate level of stachyose(1.25%) improves the growth performance, feed utilization, digestive enzyme activities and the distal intestine structures of juvenile turbot. 相似文献
13.
A 9-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary carbohydrate to lipid ratio(CHO:LIP) on the growth performance and feed utilization of juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus(initial body weight 8.75 g ± 0.04 g). Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic low protein level(39%) diets were formulated with increasing ratios of dietary carbohydrate to lipid(2:18, 6:18, 18:12 and 28:6). A high protein level(50%) diet with the 2:12 ratio of carbohydrate to lipid was used as the control. Results showed that the survival rate, contents of moisture, crude protein and ash in muscle were not significantly affected by dietary treatments. With the dietary CHO:LIP ratio increased from 2:18 to 18:12, weight gain rate significantly increased(P < 0.05). Higher dietary CHO:LIP ratio(28:6) resulted in the significantly decreased weight gain rate(P < 0.05). Meanwhile, this treatment also resulted in the highest daily feed intake and liver glycogen content, as well as the lowest feed efficiency(P < 0.05). Muscle glycogen content in fish fed the diet with 2:12 or 2:18 CHO:LIP ratio was significantly lower than those fed with the other three diets(P < 0.05). The present results confirmed that the juvenile turbot can utilize carbohydrate. Furthermore, the appropriate ratio of dietary carbohydrate to lipid was important to the growth and feed utilization of turbot. The proper CHO:LIP ratio based on the growth performance in the present study was determined to be 18:12 when the dietary protein level was 39%. 相似文献
14.
苏氏圆腹胚胎发育的初步观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
观察两批苏氏圆腹受精卵的胚胎发育,描述并记录胚胎发育各期的形态特征及发育时间。结果表明:苏氏圆腹成熟卵呈圆球形,淡黄色,富有光泽,卵黄分布均匀,相对密度略大于水,卵径0.93～1.11 mm,平均0.98±0.19 mm。受精卵吸水后呈微黏性,属黏性卵,卵膜略膨胀,卵径0.99～1.15 mm,平均1.08±0.27 mm。苏氏圆腹胚胎发育属于盘状卵裂,与其他淡水硬骨鱼类基本相似。其发育过程可分为:受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、神经胚期、器官分化期、出膜期和初孵仔鱼。在水温26±1℃的条件下,苏氏圆腹胚胎孵化历时24 h 45 min,总积温640.90 h.℃。初孵仔鱼体全长3.20～3.60 mm。 相似文献
15.
Limited information has been available about the influence of loading density on the performances of Scophthalmus maximus, especially in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). In this study, turbot (13.84±2.74 g; average weight±SD) were reared at four different initial densities (low 0.66, medium 1.26, sub-high 2.56, high 4.00 kg/m2) for 10 weeks in RAS at 23±1°C. Final densities were 4.67, 7.25, 14.16, and 17.47 kg/m2, respectively, which translate to 82, 108, 214, and 282 percent coverage of the tank bottom. Density had both negative and independent impacts on growth. The final mean weight, specific growth rate (SGR), and voluntary feed intake significantly decreased and the coefficient of variation (CV) of final body weight increased with increase in stocking density. The medium and sub-high density groups did not differ significantly in SGR, mean weight, CV, food conversion rate (FCR), feed intake, blood parameters, and digestive enzymes. The protease activities of the digestive tract at pH 7, 8.5, 9, and 10 were significantly higher for the highest density group, but tended to be lower (not significantly) at pH 4 and 8.5 for the lowest density group. The intensity of protease activity was inversely related to feed intake at the different densities. Catalase activity was higher (but not significantly) at the highest density, perhaps because high density started to induce an oxidative effect in turbot. In conclusion, turbot can be cultured in RAS at a density of less than 17.47 kg/m2. With good water quality and no feed limitation, initial density between 1.26 and 2.56 kg/m2 (final: 7.25 and 14.16 kg/m2) would not negatively affect the turbot cultured in RAS. For culture at higher density, multi-level feeding devices are suggested to ease feeding competition. 相似文献
16.
This study examined the distribution and elimination of Norfloxacin(NFLX) in Fenneropenaeus chinensis ovary and egg and newly hatched larvae.Mature parental shrimp were exposed to 4 or 10 mg L 1NFLX for 2 or 5 d.Ovary and eggs of the shrimp were sampled after spawning in order to detect NFLX residue using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results showed that NFLX residue accumulated in F.chinensis eggs after the parental exposure,with the highest residue detected in ovary.To examine the fate of NFLX residue in larvae,we further determined the concentration of NFLX residue in F.chinensis eggs and larvae at 4 different developmental stages after 24-h exposure.From the newly metamorphosed larvae(0 h post-metamorphosis,h.p.m),samples were taken at different time intervals to 72 h.p.m.HPLC assay showed that the concentrations of NFLX residue in zoea exposed to 4 and 10 mg L 1NFLX were the highest at 1.5 h,i.e.,0.332 and 0.454 μg g 1,respectively.At the two NFLX exposure levels,the elimination time of half NFLX(half life) in nauplius was 45.36 and 49.85 h,respectively,followed by that in zoea(31.68 and 33.13 h),mysis larvae(42.24 and 47.28 h) and postlarvae(24.48 and 30.96 h).Both NFLX exposure levels had a germicidal effect.The distribution and elimination of NFLX residue in F.chinensis tissue,eggs and larvae correlated well with the drug exposure level.The disappearance of NFLX residue coincided with the larval growth,and the half-life of NFLX decreased with the larval development. 相似文献
17.
As the most widely used plasticizers in the world, phthalate esters (PAEs) are potential endocrine disruption compounds (EDCs).
In the present study, the toxicity of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di (2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate (DEHP) on embryogenesis and larvae development of the marine univalve Haliotis diversicolor supertexta was examined in laboratory. The results show that the malformation of embryos appeared during the experiment, such as embryos
died or lysed, small transparent flocculent rings studded on the periphery of the embryo, and the larvae could failed to hatch.
In embryo toxic test, embryos incubated at the highest concentration of DMP, DEP and DBP solutions showed significantly high
abnormal rate compared with the control, while DEHP solutions displayed no significant difference. In larval toxic test, in
all concentrations of DMP, DEP and DBP solutions, larval settlement rates were low significantly than that of the control.
Similarly, DEHP solutions show nearly no effect on the larval settlement. The order of toxicity on embryos and larvae is DBP>DEP>DMP>DEHP.
Being a simple and easy stimulation to indoor spawn, sensitive to environmental factors, and short culture time, the embryos
of H. diversicolor supertexta can be used to indicate toxicity of the PAEs.
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40476057) 相似文献
18.
采用中心复合设计及响应曲面法研究吉富罗非鱼仔鱼开口率与温度和盐度的量化关系,预实验确定温度范围为20~34℃,盐度为2~10,通过模型优化确定初孵仔鱼从出膜到开口这一阶段最适温度和盐度组合。结果表明,温度对仔鱼的开口率(First feeding rate,FFR)的一次效应有统计学意义(P0.01),盐度对仔鱼开口率的一次效应有统计学意义(P0.05),温度和盐度的交互作用对开口率的影响不具统计学意义(P0.05);温度对仔鱼开口率的二次效应有统计学意义(P0.01);盐度对仔鱼开口率的二次效应有统计学意义(P0.05);温度对开口率的影响较盐度更重要。建立开口率对温度和盐度的二次多项式回归方程,其决定系数为0.986 1,矫正决定系数为0.972 1,预测决定系数为0.911 2,表明所建模型拟合度极高,且可通过温度和盐度预测罗非鱼仔鱼的开口率。对模型方程优化的结果表明,当温度为29℃、盐度为5时,罗非鱼仔鱼的开口率达到最大值87.97%,可靠性达到0.972。 相似文献
19.
盐度及pH对黄鳍东方鲀受精卵孵化和仔鱼活力的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
比较了不同盐度(5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45)及pH条件(5.0、5.5、6.0、6.5、7.0、7.5、8.0、8.5、9.0、9.5)下黄鳍东方鲀受精卵的培育周期、孵化周期和孵化率,同时对黄鳍东方鲀初孵仔鱼进行耐饥饿试验,测定其不投饵存活系数SAI值。结果表明,黄鳍东方鲀受精卵孵化的适宜盐度范围是5.0~40.0,适宜pH范围是6.0~8.5;仔鱼生存的适宜盐度为5.0~45.0,适宜pH值是5.5~9.0。 相似文献
20.
Phaeocystis globosa is a harmful algal bloom(HAB) species worldwide.Using modified clay(MC) to control HAB s and to mitigate their adverse effects is currently a commonly used method in China.In this paper,the effects of oxidized composite modified clay(OXI-MC) on P.globosa were studied from different perspectives.The results show that the OXI-MC could effectively remove P.globosa and inhibit both the growth of residual algal cells and the formation of new colonies.The P.globosa algal biomass removal efficiencies after 3 h reached 90% at a dose of 0.1 g/L,and the number of colonies with different particle sizes was greatly reduced.Compared with those of the control,the superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,catalase(CAT) activity,and malondialdehyde(MDA) content of the residual algae significantly increased,indicating that OXI-MC caused oxidative stress in the algal cells.In addition,we evaluated the effects of OXI-MC on the photo synthe sis of residual microalgae and found that the maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II(PSII) under dark adaptation(F_v/F_m) and actual photochemical efficiency of PSII(cDPSII) decreased,severely damaging the photosynthesis efficiency,implying that OXI-MC effected the photosynthesis system of P.globosa.The results of this study clarify that OXI-MC could remove the most of algal cells and break up the colonies of P.globosa by collision,flocculation,and releasing active substances,as well as inhibit effectively the growth and colony formation of residual P.globosa by causing oxidative stress,reducing photosynthesis activity,accelerating the degradation of polysaccharides,and inhibiting the formation of colonies. 相似文献