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为了经济有效地勘探开发海上油气,储层反演技术的精度尤为重要,常用的稀疏脉冲反演纵向分辨率偏低,地质统计学反演模型化影响大,两者对横向变化快的储层很难准确预测.因而,本次采用了分频构形反演技术,它是在统计学反演基础上,以分频厚度成像为原则,波形相控为思想,充分结合井震信息,得到既有纵向较高的测井分辨率,又有横向地震分辨率,能表征沉积体构形特征及储层非均质性特征的一种反演方法.该方法主要采用克里金建模、地震反演、相控插值和随机建模联合实现.通过在东海B气田花港组储层预测中应用研究表明,该反演方法分辨率和预测精度显著提高,有效地表征了主力层H4d的砂体平面展布特征,厚储层处于工区东南部,成功地指导了后续调整井的实施,为气田后续剩余油气挖潜提供了有利技术支撑. 相似文献
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塔河油田碳酸盐岩小尺度缝洞体的刻画是实现该区缝洞储层高效精细开发的迫切需求,由于精细刻画难度大,前期预测精度难以达到生产的要求,为此,本文以桑塔木地区为研究区开展了基于叠前分频偏移成像方法的缝洞体精细描述方法研究.首先,结合实际钻井和地震资料,构建了不同尺度缝洞体模型并开展正演模拟分析,论证了地震主频对分辨率的影响;其次,通过CMP道集分频方式对该区地震资料进行叠前分频处理,并研究不同频带下缝洞体的内部结构,利用不同频带信息进行缝洞体精细刻画;最后,利用实际钻井资料,开展实钻井与缝洞体吻合情况的分析,验证模型预测结果的可靠性.本文研究表明,地震资料分频结果与正演模拟结论一致,中高频带可以有效提高小尺度缝洞体成像精度,叠前分频成像技术显著提高了小尺度缝洞储层的预测精度. 相似文献
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研究区发育砂砾岩储层,一般由多期扇体叠置而成,横向变化快,非均质性强,因而给储层预测带来了困难.常规约束稀疏脉冲反演受制于地震频带,纵向分辨率不足,无法清晰地展现出砂体的叠置关系,因此本文确定了以地质统计学反演为核心的储层预测方法重点对WSD区P_3w_1~2段油组进行储层预测综合研究.首先对基础数据(井数据、地震数据、储层敏感参数、合成记录、子波等)进行质控,确定储层预测的可行性,其次根据井资料、约束稀疏脉冲反演结果以及对该区沉积模式与岩性展布的初步认识,求取地质统计学反演参数,针对研究对象进行地质统计学反演和储层砂体厚度的计算,同时对两种反演方法进行对比分析,然后对反演结果、储层砂体平面分布情况以及沉积微相平面展布特征进行综合研究分析,最后从平面、剖面两个角度对反演结果分别进行定性、定量地验证分析,证明反演结果的可靠性.研究表明地质统计学反演在WSD区具有一定的适用性,为该区有利区的优选和评价提供了依据,同时也为冲积扇储层预测提供了有效的方法. 相似文献
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对于被动源地震数据,运用常规的互相关算法得到的虚拟炮记录中,不仅含有一次波反射信息,还包括了表面相关多次波.然而,通过传统的被动源数据稀疏反演一次波估计(EPSI)方法,可以求得只含有一次波,不含表面相关多次波的虚拟炮记录.本文改进了传统的被动源数据稀疏反演一次波估计问题的求解方法,将被动源稀疏反演一次波估计求解问题转化为双凸L1范数约束的最优化求解问题,避免了在传统的稀疏反演一次波估计过程中用时窗防止反演陷入局部最优化的情况.在L1范数约束最优化的求解过程中,又结合了2DCurvelet变换和小波变换,在2DCurvelet-wavelet域中,数据变得更加稀疏,从而使求得的结果更加准确,成像质量得到了改善.通过简单模型和复杂模型,验证了本文提出方法的有效性. 相似文献
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地质统计学反演技术在超薄储层预测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《地球物理学进展》2017,(1)
地质统计学反演技术将地震反演方法与随机模拟理论充分结合,能够有效的综合运用地质、测井和地震信息对地下储层进行研究,在充分发挥地震资料横向分辨率优势的同时,具有更高的纵向分辨能力.渤海K油田储量主要集中在明化镇组地层内,发育分流河道型浅水三角洲沉积,储层厚度薄、横向变化大,绝大部分单砂体厚度远远低于地震资料分辨能力的下限,属于超薄储层类型.针对这类储层首次在渤海油田开发阶段引入地质统计学反演方法,并与常规稀疏脉冲反演成果进行对比,该方法能极大提高薄层分辨能力,有效的解决了油田超薄储层预测问题.后续钻井揭示砂岩预测符合率较高,研究成果对K油田开发井的调整与实施起到了很好的指导作用. 相似文献
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速度是地震偏移成像准确与否的关键所在.全波形反演综合利用地震波场运动学和动力学信息,能够得到相比传统速度建模方法更高频的成分.全波形反演的理论比较成熟,但实际应用成功的例子相对较少,特别是对于陆上地震资料.塔里木盆地地震地质条件复杂,为了实现缝洞型储层的准确成像,本文开展了针对目标靶区的全波形反演精细速度建场研究.采用一种时间域分层多尺度全波形反演流程:首先通过层析成像建立初始速度模型;其次利用折射波反演浅层速度模型;最后利用反射波反演中深层速度模型.偏移成像结果表明基于全波形反演的速度建模技术能有效改善火成岩下伏构造的成像精度,显示了全波形反演在常规陆上采集资料的应用潜力. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2016,(2)
塔河油田奥体系发育孔、洞、缝等多种储集体,空间非均质性极强.定量刻画不同类型储集体及其物性在三维空间的展布一直是该类油藏开发的技术难题.本文采用一种基于马蒙算法的地质统计学反演方法,结合地质、测井先验信息,获得表征缝洞储集体类型及反映物性参数的纵波阻抗数据.再通过寻找波阻抗与储集体孔隙度之间的统计关系,利用一种"云变换"手段,协模拟得到缝洞储集体等效孔隙度数据体,以此从物性角度定量评价缝洞储集体的空间非均质性.与常规方法对比说明,该方法评价结果与井点解释物性有较高的吻合程度,井间趋势上更加尊重地震响应特征,是一种地震数据主控的储集体物性评价方法,对于强非均质性油藏的物性发育规律评价具有指导意义. 相似文献
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叠前反演技术已经成为岩性预测和流体识别的关键技术,并将在油气勘探中发挥重要作用,本文提出了模拟退火AVA同步反演方法,该方法以多个角道集地震数据体和先验纵波速度、横波速度、密度模型等为输入,综合利用地震、地质、测井等多种信息为约束,采用模拟退火全局优化方法,直接采用Knott-Zoeppritz方程求解反射系数,同步反演获得纵波阻抗、横波阻抗、纵横波速度、密度、Mu、Lambda等23种岩石弹性参数模型.其主要特点如下：１）采用Zoeppritz方程直接求解,精度高;2) 目标函数选择灵活;３）多角度提取子波;４）可获得深度域的反演结果.实际资料应用证明,该反演方法保留了地震反射振幅随偏移距不同或入射角不同而变化的特征,可有效提高储层预测和流体识别精度.实际应用表明,本方法预测结果可靠,具有较强的实用性. 相似文献
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Seismic data processing typically deals with seismic wave reflections and neglects wave diffraction that affect the resolution. As a general rule, wave diffractions are treated as noise in seismic data processing. However, wave diffractions generally originate from geological structures, such as fractures, karst caves, and faults. The wave diffraction energy is much weaker than that of the reflections. Therefore, even if wave diffractions can be traced back to their origin, their energy is masked by that of the reflections. Separating and imaging diffractions and reflections can improve the imaging accuracy of diffractive targets. Based on the geometrical differences between reflections and diffractions on the plane-wave record; that is, reflections are quasi-linear and diffractions are quasi-hyperbolic, we use plane-wave prediction filtering to separate the wave diffractions. First, we estimate the local slope of the seismic event using planewave destruction filtering and, then, we predict and extract the wave reflections based on the local slope. Thus, we obtain the diffracted wavefield by directly subtracting the reflected wavefield from the entire wavefield. Finally, we image the diffracted wavefield and obtain high-resolution diffractive target results. 2D SEG salt model data suggest that the plane-wave prediction filtering eliminates the phase reversal in the plane-wave destruction filtering and maintains the original wavefield phase, improving the accuracy of imaging heterogeneous objects. 相似文献
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Although horizon interpretation is a routine task for building reservoir models and accurately estimating hydrocarbon production volumes, it is a labour-intensive and protracted process. Hence, many scientists have worked to improve the horizon interpretation efficiency via auto-picking algorithms. Nevertheless, the implementation of a classic auto-tracking method becomes challenging when addressing reflections with weak and discontinuous signals, which are associated with complicated structures. As an alternative, we propose a workflow consisting of two steps: (1) the computation of strata histograms using transdimensional Markov-chain Monte Carlo and (2) horizon auto-tracking using waveform-based auto-tracking guided by those strata histograms. These strata histograms generate signals that are vertically sharper and more laterally continuous than original seismic signals; therefore, the proposed workflow supports the propagation of waveform-based auto-picking without terminating against complicated geological structures. We demonstrate the performance of the novel horizon auto-tracking workflow through seismic data acquired from the Gulf of Mexico, and the Markov-chain Monte Carlo inversion results are validated using log data. The auto-tracked results show that the proposed method can successfully expand horizon seed points even though the seismic signal continuity is relatively low around salt diapirs and large-scale faults. 相似文献
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The origin and nature of seismic reflections of sharp-based shoreface deposits (upper Jurassic Siliciclastics, northern France) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
H. Braaksma G.G. Drijkoningen N. Filippidou J.A.M. Kenter J.N. Proust 《Geophysical Prospecting》2006,54(2):211-236
In order to advance understanding of the relationship between geological properties and their physical expression in reflection images, this study has focused expertise in reflection geophysics, petrophysics and sedimentology on the same geological object, in this case a succession of Upper Jurassic sharp‐based shoreface deposits embedded in offshore marine shales in northern France. This integrated approach to determine firstly the origin and nature of seismic reflections (calibration) and secondly to provide a means of extracting geological information from seismic imagery (inverse calibration) was built on the following analytical steps. Firstly, detailed and extensive petrophysical analyses of outcrop (plug) samples, continuous core and sonic well logs, in combination with a quantification of mineralogical and textural properties, allowed a direct conversion of acoustic properties (impedance) into sedimentological properties, resulting in a quantitative physical sequence stratigraphic model. Secondly, the integration of scale‐dependent acoustic measurements, ranging from 0.01 m and 320 kHz on cores up to the wavelength of field seismic data was established using an averaging algorithm (an effective‐medium‐theory type) as an upscaling approach. This alternative to a VSP or check shot allows an optimized depth–time conversion and hence determination of the origin of the seismic reflections with previously unattainable accuracy. Finally, the shape and scale dependence of impedance contrasts were integrated into so‐called singularity parameters that directly link depositional changes with information from seismic reflections: depositional changes in the shallow‐water domain are generally characterized by step functions, whereas those in more distal depositional environments are represented by spiky functions. This approach allows the recognition of the associated reflection events and, vice versa, it provides a unique opportunity to extract the character of impedance changes, and thus changes in depositional environment, from seismic reflection records in general. This integrated and multiscale characterization of sharp‐based shoreface deposits calibrates the typical reflection patterns for such sedimentary units. These include continuous high‐amplitude smooth and flat tops, discontinuous sharp basal reflections with variable amplitude, and complex sigmoidal high‐amplitude reflections within the compound shoreface deposits. In addition, the results of this study, by detailing the effects of scale and frequency on impedance changes, improve the identification of similar deposits in subsurface seismic data and the extraction of maximum amounts of geological information beyond seismic resolution. 相似文献
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南中国海北部陆坡神狐海域是天然气水合物发育的有利地区,钻井取芯表明此区域的天然气水合物以细颗粒状分布于水合物稳定带内.以三维地震数据为基础,讨论海洋天然气水合物调查的高分辨率地震成像关键技术,综合利用不同的地球物理方法(阻抗反演、属性聚类分析及神经网络方法等),以钻井结果为约束分析不同方法对天然气水合物识别的适用性,确定利用属性聚类方法来获得神狐海域天然气水合物与游离气的三维空间展布特征.将钻井取芯结果与地质条件相结合,综合多方面地球物理信息,分析产生这一分布特征的地质原因,指出断层与裂缝是南海北部陆坡神狐海域水合物、游离气的分布模式及天然气水合物形成的主要地质控制因素. 相似文献
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多尺度快速匹配追踪多域联合地震反演是一种通过地震数据多尺度分解的迭代反演方法.与此同时,在快速匹配追踪算法中引入低频模型约束,有效提高了收敛精度,使反演结果具有丰富的高低频信息.首先通过对大尺度地震资料进行反演得到低频背景.在此基础上,采用中尺度与小尺度地震数据进行逐级迭代用以获得高频数据,因而有效缓解了常规反演方法对于初始模型精度的依赖.最后利用理论模型与实际地震数据进行测试,通过与常规时间域反演方法的反演结果进行对比可以看出,本文方法在地层连续变化处依然可以对变化地层进行精确刻画,且在纵向分辨率提升的同时保持了较好的横向连续性. 相似文献
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Fault and fracture interpretation is a fundamental but essential tool for subsurface structure mapping and modelling from 3D seismic data. The existing methods for semi-automatic/automatic fault picking are primarily based on seismic discontinuity analysis that evaluates the lateral changes in seismic waveform and/or amplitude, which is limited by its low resolution on subtle faults and fractures without apparent vertical displacements in seismic images. This study presents an innovative workflow for computer-aided fault/fracture interpretation based on seismic geometry analysis. First, the seismic curvature and flexure attributes are estimated for highlighting both the major faults and the subtle fractures in a seismic volume. Then, fault probability is estimated from the curvature and flexure volumes for differentiation between the potential faults and non-faulting features in the geometric attributes. Finally, the seeded fault picking is implemented for interpreting the target faults and fractures guided by the knowledge of interpreters to avoid misinterpretation and artefacts in the presence of faulting complexities as well as coherent seismic noises. Applications to two 3D seismic volumes from the Netherlands North Sea and the offshore New Zealand demonstrate the added values of the proposed method in imaging and picking the subtle faults and fractures that are often overlooked in the conventional seismic discontinuity analysis and the following fault-interpretation procedures. 相似文献
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Yan-Ling Shi Zu-Zhi Hu Wen-Hui Huang Qiang Wei Sheng Zhang Cui-Xian Meng Lian-Sheng Ji 《应用地球物理》2016,13(3):469-479
The coal-bearing strata of the deep Upper Paleozoic in the GS Sag have high hydrocarbon potential. Because of the absence of seismic data, we use electromagnetic (MT) and gravity data jointly to delineate the distribution of deep targets based on well logging and geological data. First, a preliminary geological model is established by using three-dimensional (3D) MT inversion results. Second, using the formation density and gravity anomalies, the preliminary geological model is modified by interactive inversion of the gravity data. Then, we conduct MT-constrained inversion based on the modified model to obtain an optimal geological model until the deviations at all stations are minimized. Finally, the geological model and a seismic profile in the middle of the sag is analysed. We determine that the deep reflections of the seismic profile correspond to the Upper Paleozoic that reaches thickness up to 800 m. The processing of field data suggests that the joint MT–gravity modeling and constrained inversion can reduce the multiple solutions for single geophysical data and thus improve the recognition of deep formations. The MT-constrained inversion is consistent with the geological features in the seismic section. This suggests that the joint MT and gravity modeling and constrained inversion can be used to delineate deep targets in similar basins. 相似文献
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Inversion for seismic impedance is an ill-posed and band-limited problem so that inversion results are non-unique and unstable and low and high frequency components of inversion results are missed. Combining regularization with constraints of sonic log data and geological structure information can help to alleviate these problems. To achieve this, we developed an inversion method by constructing a new objective function which includes edge-preserving regularization and soft constraint based on Markov random field (MRF). The method directly introduces absolute constraints with prior impedance and sonic log data in the objective function and indirectly achieves relative constraints with geologic structures of layer interfaces and faults by adjusting the regularization parameter which is the scaling parameter δ. Moreover, we improved the inversion result using anisotropic diffusion smoothing method. Optimization approach utilized in inversion is a fast simulated annealing (FSA). We test the method on both synthetic and field data examples. Tests on 2-D synthetic data indicate that aspects of the discontinuity in the inversion results are significantly improved by adding δ values in faults and layer interfaces. We obtained better results by combining the first-order neighborhood and the third-order neighborhood of MRF. The inversion results of the field data provide more detailed information of the layers. The results of nearby faults were improved by introducing the geological structure constraints. 相似文献
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总结了牛顿类地震反演方法中Hessian算子的作用,对其在地震反演成像中的数学物理含义进行了分析.Hessian算子是误差泛函对模型参数的二阶导数,反映了误差泛函对模型变化的二次型特征.分析声波方程下的Hessian算子的格林函数表达形式,发现其表达了整个观测系统和子波频带等因素对地震数据空间到模型空间投影过程的影响.提出了两种分别适用于最小二乘偏移和全波形反演的Hessian算子简化格式.平面波Hessian算子应用于最小二乘偏移能够得到相对保真的成像结果,改善了地震偏移成像的精度.地下偏移距Hessian算子应用于全波形反演能够加快反演迭代的计算效率.最后,对Hessian算子在地震反演成像中的价值进行了讨论和评价. 相似文献