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1.
本文引入滑动窗口导纳技术(MWAT),计算西北太平洋岩石圈有效弹性厚度(Te).首先,基于SIO V15.1海底地形模型,模拟研究了MWAT法计算Te的精度,表明当Te5km时,误差在±1km以内,当Te≥5km时,相对误差在10%以内.分别采用GEBCO、SIO V15.1和BAT_VGG海底地形模型,构建了西北太平洋Te,通过对获得的洋壳密度参数和实测导纳与模型导纳之差的均方根进行分析,结果表明,BAT_VGG模型更适用于Te计算.西北太平洋Te均值为13.2km,标准差为6.9km,以板块冷却模型为参考,主要分布在150℃~450℃等温线深度范围内.白垩纪和侏罗纪时期岩石圈Te分布在150℃~300℃等温线深度范围内,且未随海山加载时岩石圈年龄增大而增大,说明海山加载时岩石圈年龄不是影响其强度的唯一因素.南太平洋超级海隆活动,以及研究区域广泛存在的断裂带构造,都曾对本区域岩石圈演化产生过重要影响,可能是本地区岩石圈Te较小的构造原因. 相似文献
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西太平洋地区板块间相互作用强烈,热演化和构造演化过程复杂.为了揭示构造相互作用对岩石圈强度的影响,本文使用自由空气重力异常模型WGM2012和地形模型ETOPO1,基于小波变换的导纳法计算得到了该地区的岩石圈有效弹性厚度(Te).西太平洋区域的Te主要分布在5～85 km之间,南海等张裂环境地区Te普遍小于20 km,俯冲带附近Te一般大于80 km,与俯冲板片年龄呈正相关.参照平板冷却模型,弹性岩石圈底界面主要分布在200～500 ℃等温面之间,随洋壳年龄增大逐渐趋于平稳,热点及年轻洋壳部分地区弹性岩石圈底界面处于200℃等温面之上.西太平洋海山与年轻海盆等区域Te与居里点深度一般呈正相关,与地表热流一般呈负相关,但由于强烈的构造运动、热液循环、岩浆活动、地幔流变性等因素的影响,整体Te与居里点深度和地表热流所反映的岩石圈热结构相关性不高. 相似文献
3.
珍贝—黄岩海山链作为我国南海的残留扩张中心, 对其研究具有重要的科学意义. 本文运用均衡学方法, 通过重力异常数据反演了过珍贝—黄岩海山链剖面的地壳界面变化, 同时计算了岩石圈热结构状态, 在此基础上建立了珍贝—黄岩海山链的岩石圈地温结构模型. 通过均衡分析方法, 对剖面上测点的海底地形数据进行了热均衡和重力均衡分析, 得到了热均衡和重力均衡形变量. 结果表明, 在珍贝—黄岩海山链高热流区域, 热均衡作用可以产生最大约0.55 km的形变, 其重力均衡形变范围为0.77—1.89 km. 热均衡通过改变海底地形和地壳物质密度不断作用于重力均衡, 重力又反过来作用于热均衡, 形成了热均衡-重力均衡动态调节机制. 相似文献
4.
岩石圈有效弹性厚度表征了岩石圈抵抗变形的能力,代表了岩石圈的综合强度,通过岩石圈有效弹性厚度的研究能揭示岩石圈丰富的热力学信息.本文收集分布在首都圈地区张家口-塘沽测线附近的16个大地热流数据,且结合该测线下的地壳结构,计算得到测线下方岩石圈的现今温度场剖面,并根据温度场计算得到其流变结构和有效弹性厚度.通过将有效弹性厚度与前人有关该测线下方震源深度的研究成果做对比,结果表明在有热流约束的地方有效弹性厚度大致对应约400~600℃的等温面,所有地震都发生在有效弹性厚度之上. 相似文献
5.
利用两种1°×1°平均大地热流资料,由观测资料和居里面反演得到的4种地壳岩石生热率模型,计算了华北地区(105°E-124°E,30°N-41°N)岩石圈的热结构. 定量的比较了各种模型的计算结果,选定了最佳模型. 莫霍面的温度大约在450-750℃之间变化,岩石圈底部深度在60-180 km变化,并发现大的构造断裂与热岩石圈底部的隆起相对应,MS＞6.5的地震大都发生在热岩石圈底部隆起区附近和莫霍面温度的高值区. 相似文献
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华南陆缘是我国重要的矿产、地热资源区.晚中生代以来,在太平洋板块西向俯冲,地幔热对流活动共同作用下,该区出现多期岩浆-热事件和大规模爆发式成矿作用.在前人研究基础上,本文利用地表热流观测资料、地震剪切波资料、重力位球谐系数,计算了壳-幔温度结构,分析了动力学背景.计算结果表明：华南陆缘东南沿海地带,地壳10 km以浅温度达200℃以上,居里点温度475℃,莫霍面平均温度550℃.地壳浅层较热,花岗岩中放射性元素衰变放热是地壳浅层地下水热活动的重要热源,但地壳总体温度不高,为"冷壳热幔"型热结构.地幔中,90 km深度,温度950~1250℃;120 km深度,温度1050~1400℃;150 km深度,温度1200~1450℃;220 km深度,温度1500~1700℃."热"岩石圈底界深度在110~150 km之间,西深东浅.岩石圈内,地幔应力场为挤压-伸展相间格局;岩石圈之下,地幔应力场为一个以南昌为中心、长轴NE-SW向的椭圆.分析认为,晚中生代以来,太平洋板块的西向俯冲,导致华南陆缘在区域性SE向地幔对流背景上叠加局域性不稳定热扰动,在175~85Ma期间,上地幔物质向上流动,形成不同的岩浆活动高峰期.同时,岩石圈地幔受俯冲洋壳流体的影响,含水量高,黏度小,在地幔流切向应力场作用下,岩石圈底界由西向东"波浪"状减薄.现今岩石圈之下仍具备地幔小尺度热对流温度条件,但除地表浅层外,地壳整体温度不高,岩石圈构造稳定. 相似文献
7.
基于SIO(Scripps Institute of Oceanography)最新全球重力和高程模型,计算了巴颜喀拉地块东部及邻区的布格重力异常、均衡重力异常、岩石圈有效弹性厚度及荷载比.结合大地热流、地震速度结构、地震活动和断裂构造分布等,分析了地壳均衡状态和岩石圈有效弹性厚度、地质构造单元间的差异及与地震活动的相关性特征.研究结果表明,该区域布格重力变化范围约为-500～0mGal(1mGal=10~(-5)m·s~(-2),下同),在巴颜喀拉块体东部区域形成弧形重力梯度带,近年来的中强地震活动频发于该梯度带不同部位,应与其应力依次释放有关;均衡重力异常结果表明,其变化范围约为-80～+100mGal,且大部分区域处于±20mGal以内的被认为处于重力均衡的状态,重力非均衡(正或负)多出现于块体边界带附近,地震多发生在靠近块体边界的均衡重力异常(正或负,主要为正)区域内;巴颜喀拉地块东部及邻区岩石圈有效弹性厚度(T_e)为10～65km,不同构造单元之间T_e空间分布差异明显,较低的T_e值出现在龙门山构造带附近,T_e值为20km左右,岩石圈荷载加载比为0.5～0.8,表明现今的岩石圈挠曲状态主要由莫霍面加载形成.进一步分析表明,巴颜喀拉地块东部挤压增生与横向流动同时发生,是造成该区域地震发生与重力均衡异常高值重合、岩石圈有效弹性厚度和大地热流值较低的主要原因.本文获得的地壳均衡特征及岩石圈有效弹性强度结果,加深了对巴颜喀拉东部及邻区岩石圈构造演化过程的认识. 相似文献
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为系统了解南海海底热流特征和岩石圈热结构与地表构造的关系,本文首先以最新海底热流为约束,采用三维数值模拟方法计算得到整个南海的"热"岩石圈底部边界(底界)的埋深,然后开展详细分析壳、幔热流贡献以及岩石圈热结构与地表不同构造单元之间的对应关系.结果显示南海岩石圈底部边界埋深为30～100 km,最浅埋深集中分布在南海海盆水深大于3000 m的区域(如南海西北次海盆、西南次海盆和东部次海盆西侧),以及南海北部陆缘中部、莺歌海盆地、中建南盆地和南薇西盆地,体现了南海深部结构对地表不同构造单元的控制作用;靠近海盆东侧的马尼拉海沟具有较低的海底热流,对应岩石圈底界埋藏也较深,可能与南海和古南海洋壳俯冲有关;吕宋岛弧(119°E—122°E和13°N—17°N)表现出较高的海底热流,同时具有较浅的热岩石圈底界埋深,可能与南海板块和菲律宾海板块双向俯冲有关. 相似文献
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提出一个简单的假说来解释为什么在相对稳定的板块内部地区会存在高地震活动区与高构造形变区．首先,对于大多数板内地区而言,特别是大陆地盾地区与老的海洋盆地,下地壳与上地幔的温度相当低,那里的岩石相对坚硬在这些地区不可能发生明显的岩石圈变形,因为岩石图累积强度大大超过板块驱动力．相反,如果下地壳与上地幔温度相对较高,板块驱动力则主要由上地壳承受,因为下地壳与上地幔相对软弱在这种地区,由于岩石圈累积强度与板块驱动力大小相当,构造形变相对较快．本文将这种假说应用在位于美国中部的新马德里地震带与周围地区．地震带内部热流密度值约为60mw／m2,略高于本区背景热流密度值45mW／m2．计算得到的地温梯度与实验室结果所揭示的延性流动定律表明,在地震带内下地壳与上地幔相当软弱,板内应力主要由上地壳传递．那里的形变速率相对较高．与此相反,在周围地区热流值相对较低,岩石四累积强度大大超过板块驱动力,构造应力由地壳与上地幔共同承受热流值的大小和下地壳上地幔的受力状态是决定地震活动性在地震带内与周围地区强烈对比的主要因素． 相似文献
10.
热流与岩石圈热状态是大陆边缘构造研究的重要课题,其研究不仅能为探讨发生在大陆边缘的物理、化学和生物过程提供地热约束,而且还能为深水油气资源评价和勘探提供依据.近年来,随着对海底过程研究的深入和对能源资源问题的关注,大陆边缘热状态研究取得了新认识,特别是,主动大陆边缘弧后地区高热流的认识及成因机制以及被动大陆边缘洋陆过渡带可能存在的高热流异常等这些重要发现,进一步丰富和完善了大陆边缘热状态的认识.本文总结了近年来大陆边缘热流研究进展,重点讨论了主动大陆边缘岛弧弧后地区热状态和部分被动大陆边缘发现的高热流异常,前者一般被认为是与弧后地区岩石圈之下的浅地幔对流有关;而后者既包括来自浅层地壳生热贡献,也有深部地幔热流所致,一些学者将此归因于小尺度地幔对流或岩石圈厚度差异引发的边界效应,仍存争议.我们还分析了探针热流、钻孔热流和BSR热流等不同类型数据的优缺点,指出钻孔热流和BSR热流成为继传统探针热流之后研究大陆边缘热流的有效手段.在海底热流和近海底过程之间相互响应的基础上,强调热流探测对近海底过程研究的贡献.还对比了国内外热状态的研究,探讨了国内研究与国际的差距.最后,就未来大陆边缘热状态研究提出了几点建议. 相似文献
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利用曲靖非相干散射雷达2017-2018年春夏季观测数据首次分析了电离层日间150~450km电子温度的地方时与高度变化特征及其与电子密度的相关性.发现hmF2及以上的电子温度在日出日落时具有两个峰值,在11∶00-16∶00LT之间变化较小,高度越高午后上升的时间越早;从150km开始迅速增加,在约220km达到最大值,然后开始降低,在约300~350km达到最小值,最后单调上升;200km以下电子温度与电子密度成正相关(主要由热传导控制),200~450km之间存在明显的反相关(光电离过程占主导),电子-离子温度差与电子密度对数之间存在近似线性关系,电子温度逐日变化与光电离因子的变化趋势相似,这种相关性在中午与午后更明显;以上结果与其他非相干散射雷达观测和电离层模型计算结果基本一致,但也存在一些差别,需要结合更多数据深入分析. 相似文献
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本文利用三维有限差分方法,基于EIGEN6C4布格重力异常和SIO V15.1地形数据,计算了青藏高原东南缘岩石圈有效弹性厚度.结果表明:青藏高原东南缘岩石圈有效弹性厚度为0~100 km,四川盆地和喜马拉雅东构造结岩石圈有效弹性厚度最大,达50~100 km;巴颜喀拉块体东部、川滇菱形块体大部、滇西等地区岩石圈强度弱,有效弹性厚度一般小于15 km;羌塘块体东部的玉树—德格附近地区岩石圈有效弹性厚度大于40 km;滇南地区岩石圈有效弹性厚度为10~30 km,大于云南北部地区.研究区域有效弹性厚度分布特征与岩石圈结构关系密切.四川盆地、喜马拉雅东构造结地区内部结构稳定,因而岩石圈强度大.川滇菱形块体等岩石圈有效弹性厚度小的地区与壳内低速、低阻/高导层分布有很好的对应关系,推测壳内岩石的部分熔融软化可能是造成高原东南缘岩石圈强度较弱的重要原因.羌塘块体东部的局部高力学强度岩石圈则可能是高原形成过程中的残留克拉通.根据本文计算的岩石圈有效弹性厚度特征,结合地震学、大地电磁等研究成果,认为青藏高原物质向东南缘挤出后受四川盆地等阻挡,造成下地壳软弱物质在理塘—稻城—丽江一带堆积,少部分物质可能穿过鲜水河断裂带的康定—道孚地区向北运动,但大部分物质向南运动,在受到滇南块体阻挡后一支流向西南的腾冲方向,另一支流向东南的攀枝花—东川方向. 相似文献
13.
Up to now, tests of thermal models of the oceanic lithosphere as it cools and moves away from the ridge crest have been based mainly on topography and heat flow data. However, large areas of the ocean floor deviate from the normal subsidence due to thermal contraction and heat flow data are not very sensitive to the form of the model. Cooling of the lithosphere causes a short-wavelength step in the geoid across fracture zones that can also be used to constrain thermal models. We have analyzed geoid data at fracture zones from the SEASAT altimeter measurements in the entire Pacific Ocean and redetermined parameters of the cooling models. We find that the data reveal two distinct regimes of cooling; one for seafloor ages in the range 0–30 Ma, the other beyond 30 Ma; this does not appear to be correlated with particular fracture zones but rather it is representative of the whole area studied, i.e., the entire south Pacific and northeast Pacific Ocean. These two trends may be interpreted in terms of two different (asymptotic) thermal thicknesses of the plate model. The smaller thermal thickness ( 65 km) found for ages <30 Ma—compared to 90 km in the age range 30–50 Ma—calls for some kind of thermal perturbation in the vicinity of the ridge crest. From the results obtained in this study, we conclude that the half-space cooling model is unable to explain the data, that beyond 30 Ma, a simple plate model gives a satisfactory fit to the data but in the younger plate portion (ages < 30 Ma) the cooling history of the oceanic lithosphere is much more complex than predicted by the usual cooling models. Furthermore, the depth-age relationship obtained from the geoid-derived thermal parameters departs significantly beyond 30 Ma from the widely used Parsons and Sclater's depth-age curve, predicting a lesser subsidence. 相似文献
14.
本文在前人研究大陆岩石圈板块有效弹性厚度的基础上,建立研究海洋岩石圈板块有效弹性厚度的理论模型,推导出与大陆岩石圈不同的海洋岩石圈板块响应函数 Z( k,Te) 理论计算公式.并分析海洋岩石圈板块响应函数 Z( k,Te) 的特点.文中对实际的海洋测量数据的响应函数 Z( k,Te) 进行计算和分析,估算我国南海南沙海域和南海中央海盆岩石圈板块有效弹性厚度分别约为10 km和6~7 km. 相似文献
15.
Seasat altimetry profiles across the Falkland-Agulhas fracture zone (FZ) and the Ascension FZ in the South Atlantic were examined for evidence of step-like geoid offsets predicted from thermal modeling of the lithosphere. The geoid profiles exhibit much short-wavelength power and the step-like offsets are often small, making reliable estimation of the heights of the observed geoid offsets difficult. The offsets were estimated by the least-squares fitting of quadratic curves incorporating a step function to the altimetry profiles. A preferred offset value was determined for each profile by taking the average of step heights computed with various distances around the fracture zone excluded from the fit. The age of the crust surrounding the fracture zones, necessary for computing a theoretical geoid offset, was determined from surface ship magnetic anomaly data and from existing ocean floor age maps.Observed variations in geoid step height with age of the lithosphere are not consistent with those predicted from standard thermal plate models. For ages less than 30 Ma, the step offsets across both fracture zones decrease in a manner appropriate for an unusually thin plate with a thickness of 50–75 km. At greater ages, the offsets show complex behavior that may be due to bathymetric features adjacent to the fracture zones. Similar geoid patterns on opposite branches of the Falkland-Agulhas FZ are indicative of processes that act symmetrically on both sides of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This behavior of the geoid is consistent both with small-scale convection occurring beneath the lithosphere and with bathymetric features originally produced along the ridge crest and now located symmetrically on opposite sides of the ridge. The west flank of the Ascension FZ displays a regrowth in step height at about 40 Ma consistent with small-scale convection and in agreement with other studies of Pacific and South Atlantic fracture zones. 相似文献
16.
In this paper I present data on the abundances, sizes and crustal age for all volcanoes (volcanic islands and seamounts) which appear on published bathymetric charts of the Pacific Ocean. These new data shed light on the origin of non-hotspot volcanoes and are important, in combination with data on the chemical compositions of seamounts and volcanic islands, for estimates of the bulk composition of ocean crust. These data also provide firm constraints on off-ridge oceanic volcanism models. Results of this study show that the size-frequency distribution of Pacific volcanoes is Poisson-like and that the smallest volcanoes are much more abundant than large ones. This study shows clearly that the most abundant volcanoes on the Earth are the submerged oceanic volcanoes which comprise 5–25% of the oceanic volcanic layer. On Pacific crust of Eocene age and younger, the abundance of volcanoes (number of volcanoes per unit area) increases monotonically with increasing age. Assuming steady state, the production rate of new off-ridge volcanoes (number of volcanoes per unit area per unit time) is inversely proportional to the square root of the lithosphere age [1]. On crust older than Eocene, the number of volcanoes per unit area of crust decreases monotonically with increasing age, however the total volume of lava represented by these edifices increases with increasing age. Size frequency distributions of volcanoes on swaths of successively older crust indicate that these abundance patterns are partly due to the effect of sediment burial of small edifices on old Pacific crust as well as the effect of increased lithosphere thickness on seamount size. These general patterns are not appreciably changed by omitting from consideration known hotspot volcanoes [2] and volcanoes built at fossil constructional plate margins [3]. 相似文献
17.
使用模拟退火算法,以2019年4月6日江苏溧水 ML 3.3地震为典型震例,进行地震定位反演试算,确定适用于江苏及邻区地震定位的最佳初始温度、降温策略和扰动函数。设置初始温度为25,降温策略为 T = 0.96 T,选用效率较高的局部收敛加强型方法产生随机模型,对2019年江苏及周边地区105次 ML≥1.8地震进行重新定位,结果表明,76%的事件震中经、纬度定位误差绝对值在0.1°以内,但深度定位误差较大。鉴于该算法对P波到时信息及地震台站空间分布的依赖性,认为模拟退火算法在江苏及邻区陆地地震定位中效果较好,对于海域地震,则定位误差较大。 相似文献
18.
Post-depositional mixing or exhumation is common in surficial sediments, yet may be unobservable from field evidence. However, any disturbance may have significant consquences in terms of establishing a reliable luminescence age determination. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) measurements, particularly measurements at the single grain level, can be used to gain an insight into both contemporary and past post-depositional processes. This paper examines sites from Texas and Florida (USA) with independent chronological control to demonstrate the potential effects of varying degrees of bioturbation on OSL. Results show that contemporary soil forming processes clearly impact on the palaeodose (De) replicate distributions which are measured in order to derive an OSL age. Significant levels of scatter and apparently zero dose grains are observed in the upper-most sediments; declining with depth from the surface. De replicates from undisturbed and fully bleached sediments are unskewed, show low overdispersion (OD) and comparable single grain and single aliquot OSL ages. Bioturbated sediments, however, may show highly skewed multi-model De distributions with higher OD values, zero dose grains at depth, and significant diffences between single grain and single aliquot results. True burial ages may be derived from minimally bioturbated sediments through the application of statistical analysis such as finite mixture modelling to isolate De components. However, for significantly bioturbated sediments, the latter approach, even at the single grain level, produces inaccurate ages. In such cases we argue that additional evidence (both dating and contexual) may be required to identify with confidence the burial De population. 相似文献
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