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1.
储层参数岩石物理反演在“甜点”储层预测中应用研究——以W17油田为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
乌石凹陷流砂港组地层岩石粒度变化大,低孔、低渗目标占比近50%,"甜点"储层预测是实现油田经济开发的关键因素,而储层孔隙度、黏土杂积含量评价是"甜点"储层预测的核心问题.本文应用一种新的直接求解包体理论岩石物理方程的储层参数反演方法来进行"甜点"储层评价,该反演方法基于约束最小二乘与信赖域算法直接求解有效介质包体理论岩石物理方程,能够关联弹性参数与储层参数之间的高阶变化,可反演地质体孔隙度、黏土含量空间细节变化特征,通过孔隙度、黏土含量双参数约束实现"甜点"储层分布评价.本文以W17油田为例,首先通过岩石物理分析明确常规储层与"甜点"储层的岩石物理规律;然后运用相控叠前地质统计学反演技术得到高分辨率敏感弹性参数体;最后开展孔隙度、黏土含量储层参数岩石物理反演和"甜点"储层预测.通过与当前业界常用的基于统计关系的地质统计学协模拟储层参数评价方法结果进行对比得到,本次研究应用的储层参数岩石物理反演方法得到的地质体内部细节丰富,盲井预测孔隙度及黏土含量参数精度提高,具有精细刻度储层内部的参数变化,保持弹性反演的分辨精度等优势,有利于解决"甜点"储层连通性及非均质性评价等难点问题. 相似文献
2.
《地球物理学进展》2020,(2)
对弹性参数进行转换而获取物性参数的方法,适用范围有限且预测精度不高.本文基于岩石物理理论,提出一种带先验约束的碎屑岩储层物性参数预测方法,为储层预测、流体识别、储层描述、储量估计、烃类开发方案设计提供重要参数.应用岩石物理理论和物性参数先验信息建立了带先验约束的目标函数;并利用最优化方法对反演目标函数进行优化求解,对储层的物性及孔隙度和泥质含量进行同步迭代反演.经过正演数据及实际地震资料的测试应用,其结果表明本文方法反演得到的孔隙度和泥质含量为储层综合预测提供了愈加丰富的评价指标,同时孔隙度和泥质含量数据的联合应用对减小储层预测的多解性和降低勘探开发的风险有重要意义. 相似文献
3.
叠前地震反演和岩石物理反演分别是获取弹性参数和物性参数的重要手段,两者结合有助于实现储层参数预测并精细刻画储层特征.储层物性参数的反演依赖于岩石物理模型,在进行物性参数反演时可以将复杂的岩石物理模型做泰勒展开,进而得到其一阶或高阶的近似表达式,然而这会降低模型的精确性并增加反演的误差.为了提高储层物性参数反演的稳定性和准确性,本文以碎屑岩储层为例,提出了岩石物理驱动的储层物性参数非线性地震反演方法.首先,基于贝叶斯框架和高斯分布约束条件,从叠前地震数据中实现纵、横波速度及密度等弹性参数的反演.其次,通过碎屑岩岩石物理模型建立起弹性参数与物性参数之间的联系.最后,利用粒子群算法进行全局寻优获得较为准确的孔隙度、泥质含量和含水饱和度等物性参数.合成数据和实际资料测试结果验证了所提方法的可行性和准确性,反演结果与测井数据吻合较好,可有效指示含气储层区域,本文方法在储层预测和评价方面具有广泛的应用前景. 相似文献
4.
基于岩石物理和地震反演理论,提出了一种同步反演储层孔隙度和含水饱和度的方法.以岩石物理为基础,建立了砂泥岩储层物性和弹性参数之间定量的关系-Simon模型,以贝叶斯理论为手段,结合不同类型的砂泥岩储层,建立了多信息联合约束的物性参数反演目标函数,并通过蒙特卡罗和遗传算法相结合的思路求解该目标函数,最终得到孔隙度和含水饱和度的同步反演结果.将该方法应用于河道砂和砂砾岩两种不同的砂泥岩储层中,孔隙度和含水饱和度数据的联合应用,进一步减少了储层预测的多解性,为石油地质综合研究提供了更加丰富准确的基础数据. 相似文献
5.
基于光滑约束的最小二乘法是三维电阻率反演的主要方法,但该方法在某些情况下存在着多解性较强的问题,且普遍耗时较长,严重制约了三维反演方法的推广与发展.为改善上述问题,将表征模型参数变化范围的不等式约束作为先验信息引入最小二乘线性反演方法中,有效地改善了反演结果的精度,降低了反演的多解性问题.为了解决耗时较长的问题,基于预条件共轭梯度(PCG)算法和Cholesky分解法的特点提出了一套优化三维电阻率反演计算效率的计算方案.在该方案中,Cholesky分解法被用来求解敏感度矩阵计算中的多个点源场的正演问题,Cholesky分解法只需对总体系数矩阵进行一次分解,然后对不同的右端向量进行回代即可.将预条件共轭梯度法引入到三维电阻率反演方程的求解中,将雅可比迭代中的对角阵作为预处理矩阵,其具有求逆方便、无需内存空间的特点,有效地加快了收敛速度.对合成数据以及实测数据的反演算例表明,借助不等式约束和反演效率优化方案,最小二乘反演方法可得到较为精确的反演结果,有效地提高了反演计算效率,具有良好的推广前景. 相似文献
6.
本文研究轴对称地层中高分辨率阵列侧向测井(HRLA)的多参数信赖域反演方法.首先对前期HRLA的有限元正演方法进行改进,提出基于叠加原理和并行直接稀疏求解器PARDISO的快速正演方案,更适合于反演计算.将HRLA反演问题转化为非线性最小二乘问题,利用信赖域算法求解.为提高反演速度,推导了目标函数对优化参数偏导数的具体计算公式.对典型地层模型,与已有文献中Jacobi预条件共轭梯度法(JCG)计算结果比较,发现PARDIDO比JCG快10倍以上,验证了本文正演程序的正确性与高效性.利用信赖域算法求解了电阻率四参数反演和传统的三参数反演.研究结果表明:并行直接稀疏求解器PARDISO能有效求解此类HRLA正演问题,对6次不同探测深度的测井模拟,所形成的有限元刚度矩阵完全相同,只须进行一次矩阵分解,大大加快了正反演的速度.信赖域算法收敛速度快,且具有全局收敛性.HRLA的信赖域反演结果几乎不依赖于初值的选取,从较差初值出发仍能得到满意的反演结果.另外信赖域算法抗噪能力比较强,即使对测井数据添加信噪比为10dB(甚至5dB)的高斯白噪声,仍能通过反演得到较为准确的地层参数. 相似文献
7.
储层参数地震反演是通过地震观测数据定量评估储层物性及含油气性的重要途径.中国西部致密砂岩油气分布范围广泛,具有巨大的勘探开发潜力,但其孔隙结构复杂,储层参数的定量预测难度较大.本文提出了一种基于可变临界孔隙度模型的储层参数地震反演方法.为有效描述储层的复杂孔隙结构,本方法将临界孔隙度作为变量,使其具有随深度变化的特征,以表征复杂孔隙结构,进而提高致密砂岩储层岩石物理建模的精度.此外,为直接从观测地震数据反演储层参数,结合岩石物理模型和地震反射系数方程建立正演算子;基于贝叶斯框架构建反演问题,采用混合高斯模型构建储层参数先验约束,用以描述储层的岩性(相)差异特征;基于临界孔隙度、泥质含量与孔隙度的统计关系,结合快速模拟退火算法,在迭代优化中使临界孔隙度与储层参数交替更新,用以提高反演结果稳定性.选用中国西部四川盆地某工区实际资料,对本方法进行应用测试与验证,结果表明本方法对于含气储层具有良好的指示性,相比常规固定临界孔隙度方法,本方法可以有效提升反演结果准确性. 相似文献
8.
多震源地震采集技术允许一次性激发不同位置处的震源,得到来自多个震源的混合地震数据,该技术采集效率高,能有效降低采集成本.多震源地震数据成像效率高,但在偏移剖面中会引入串扰噪声,影响成像精度.最小二乘偏移常被用于压制多震源地震数据成像中的串扰噪声,但常规的最小二乘偏移并不能很好的消除串扰噪声对成像结果的影响,难以满足成像精度的要求.因此,为了保证反演的稳定性并改善反演结果,根据反射系数在Seislet域的稀疏性,本文引入了Seislet变换作为变换域稀疏约束的变换算子,实现了基于Seislet变换的稀疏约束多震源最小二乘逆时偏移,数值实验表明该方法能有效压制串扰噪声. 相似文献
9.
基于长波长近似假设,周期性薄互层中发育一组平行排列的垂直裂缝则可视为等效的正交各向异性介质.岩石物理是构建裂缝参数与地震响应之间联系的基础,地震散射理论是各向异性介质参数反演的有效途径.文章提出了一种利用方位叠前地震数据实现正交各向异性裂缝储层Thomsen弱各向异性参数与裂缝弱度参数可靠预测的方法.首先,综合考虑矿物基质、孔隙、裂缝及各向异性岩石中流体替换的影响,通过构建正交各向异性裂缝岩石物理等效模型,实现正交各向异性刚度系数的估测,进而预测储层测井数据的弹性参数、Thomsen弱各向异性参数及裂缝弱度参数,为后续地震反演提供初始模型约束;然后,基于地震散射理论,推导了面向Thomsen弱各向异性参数与裂缝弱度参数反演的正交各向异性介质纵波反射系数方程,为后续地震反演奠定了理论基础;最后,发展了贝叶斯框架下的正交各向异性裂缝储层Thomsen弱各向异性参数与裂缝弱度参数AVAZ反演方法,同时考虑柯西稀疏约束正则化和平滑模型约束正则化约束,使用非线性的迭代重加权最小二乘策略实现正交各向异性特征参数的稳定估算.模型和实际资料处理表明,该方法能够稳定可靠地从方位叠前地震资料中获取正交各向异性特征参数,为正交各向异性介质的特征参数预测提供了一种高可靠性的地震反演方法. 相似文献
10.
《地球物理学进展》2015,(1)
鄂尔多斯盆地SG气田是我国典型的低孔,低渗,致密砂岩气藏的代表.该区地震勘探开发面临着两大难题:一是含气砂岩和围岩的声波阻抗存在较大范围叠置,利用声波阻抗预测储层存在明显的多解性;二是SG气田局部地区气、水关系复杂,地质上不存在统一的气、水层分界面,产水井严重影响产能建设,流体类型的识别是面临的又一难题.为了降低声波阻抗预测砂岩储层的多解性,提高有效储层预测精度,定量识别储层中流体的类型,本文提出了叠前地震弹性参数交会定量解释技术,从横波测井资料不同岩性、流体的岩石物理参数分析入手,优选了能够区分岩性和流体的最佳敏感弹性参数,制作了敏感弹性参数交会模板,通过地震叠前反演获得反映储层物性和含气性的地震弹性参数体,最后进行地震弹性参数交会定量解释预测有效储层和识别流体.勘探实例证实了该技术方法在SG地区对有效储层的预测是有效的,能够为井位优选提供可信的依据.地震弹性参数交会技术将纵向分辨率较高的测井岩石物理分析和横向分辨率较高的地震叠前反演结合在一起,使用了多个弹性参数交会,减少了以往单一弹性参数预测储层的多解性,最终获得比较可靠、更量化的反映储层物性和含气性的地震弹性参数交会体,为有效储层预测和流体识别探索出了新的途径,这一技术的应用和推广可以降低地震解释的风险,提高储层预测精度. 相似文献
11.
储层物性参数是储层描述的重要参数,常规的基于贝叶斯理论的储层物性参数反演方法大多是通过反演获得的弹性参数进一步转换而获得物性参数,本文提出一种基于弹性阻抗数据预测储层物性参数的反演方法.该方法主要通过建立可以表征弹性阻抗与储层物性参数之间关系的统计岩石物理模型,联合蒙特卡罗仿真模拟技术,在贝叶斯理论框架的指导下,应用期望最大化算法估计物性参数的后验概率分布,最终实现储层物性参数反演.经过模型测试和实际资料的处理,其结果表明本文提出的方法具有预测精度高,稳定性强,横向连续性好等优点. 相似文献
12.
提出了各向异性页岩储层统计岩石物理反演方法.通过统计岩石物理模型建立储层物性参数与弹性参数的定量关系,使用测井数据及井中岩石物理反演结果作为先验信息,将地震阻抗数据定量解释为储层物性参数、各向异性参数的空间分布.反演过程在贝叶斯框架下求得储层参数的后验概率密度函数,并从中得到参数的最优估计值及其不确定性的定量描述.在此过程中综合考虑了岩石物理模型对复杂地下介质的描述偏差和地震数据中噪声对反演不确定性的影响.在求取最大后验概率过程中使用模拟退火优化粒子群算法以提高收敛速度和计算准确性.将统计岩石物理技术应用于龙马溪组页岩气储层,得到储层泥质含量、压实指数、孔隙度、裂缝密度等物性,以及各向异性参数的空间分布及相应的不确定性估计,为页岩气储层的定量描述提供依据. 相似文献
13.
We investigate the interactions between the elastic parameters, VP, VS and density, estimated by non-linear inversion of AVA data, and the petrophysical parameters, depth (pressure), porosity, clay content and fluid saturation, of an actual gas-bearing reservoir. In particular, we study how the ambiguous solutions derived from the non-uniqueness of the seismic inversion affect the estimates of relevant rock properties. It results that the physically admissible values of the rock properties greatly reduce the range of possible seismic solutions and this range contains the actual values given by the well. By means of a statistical inversion, we analyse how approximate a priori knowledge of the petrophysical properties and of their relationships with the seismic parameters can be of help in reducing the ambiguity of the inversion solutions and eventually in estimating the petrophysical properties of the specific target reservoir. This statistical inversion allows the determination of the most likely values of the sought rock properties along with their uncertainty ranges. The results show that the porosity is the best-resolved rock property, with its most likely value closely approaching the actual value found by the well, even when we insert somewhat erroneous a priori information. The hydrocarbon saturation is the second best-resolved parameter, but its most likely value does not match the well data. The depth of the target interface is the least-resolved parameter and its most likely value is strongly dependent on a priori information. Although no general conclusions can be drawn from the results of this exercise, we envisage that the proposed AVA–petrophysical inversion and its possible extensions may be of use in reservoir characterization. 相似文献
14.
储层弹性与物性参数可直接应用于储层岩性预测和流体识别,是储层综合评价和油气藏精细描述的基本要素之一.现有的储层弹性与物性参数地震同步反演方法大都基于Gassmann方程,使用地震叠前数据,通过随机优化方法反演储层弹性与物性参数;或基于Wyllie方程,使用地震叠后数据,通过确定性优化方法反演储层弹性与物性参数.本文提出一种基于Gassmann方程、通过确定性优化方法开展储层弹性和物性参数地震叠前反演的方法,该方法利用Gassmann方程建立储层物性参数与叠前地震观测数据之间的联系,在贝叶斯反演框架下以储层弹性与物性参数的联合后验概率为目标函数,通过将目标函数的梯度用泰勒公式展开得到储层弹性与物性参数联合的方程组,其中储层弹性参数对物性参数的梯度用差分形式表示,最后通过共轭梯度算法迭代求解得到储层弹性与物性参数的最优解.理论试算与实际资料反演结果证明了方法的可行性. 相似文献
15.
利用测井资料所获得的基本参数进行岩石物理参数敏感性分析,可以较大提高含烃岩石的识别能力。本文讨论了对地震属性敏感性高的参数的选择及其使用方法,以便提高流体和岩性的识别能力。为了更好的与地震数据解释相结合,我们在敏感性参数空间构造了研究区的岩石物理模板,用以指导实际地震数据定量解释。 相似文献
16.
Until the present time the ‘ rock-coal-rock’ layer sequence and offsets in coal-seams in underground coal mines have been detected with the aid of seismic waves and geoelectric measurements. In order to determine the geometrical and petrophysical parameters of the coal-seam situation, the data recorded using seismic and geoelectric methods have been inverted independently. In consequence, the inversion of partially inaccurate data resulted in a certain degree of ambiguity. This paper presents the first results of a joint inversion scheme to process underground vertical seismic profiling data, geolectric resistivity and resistance data. The joint inversion algorithm makes use of the damped least-squares method and its weighted version to solve the linearized set of equations for the seismic and geolectric unknowns. In order to estimate the accuracy and reliability of the derived geometrical and petrophysical layer parameters, both a model covariance matrix and a correlation matrix are calculated. The weighted least-squares algorithm is based on the method of most frequent values (MFV). The weight factors depend on the difference between measured data and those calculated by an iteration process. The joint inversion algorithm is tested by means of synthetic data. Compared to the damped least-squares algorithm, the MFV inversion leads to smaller estimation errors as well as lower sensitivities due to the choice of the initial model. It is shown that, compared to an independent inversion, the correlation between the model parameters is definitely reduced, while the accuracy of the parameter estimation is appreciably increased by the joint inversion process. Thus the ambiguity is significantly reduced. Finally, the joint inversion algorithm using the MFV method is applied to underground field data. The model parameters can be derived with a sufficient degree of accuracy, even in the case of noisy data. 相似文献
17.
We describe a linear Bayesian inversion method to estimate the relevant petrophysical properties of the media forming a reflecting interface from the observations of amplitude variation with incidence angle. Three main steps characterize the proposed approach:
– information from borehole logs are statistically analysed to estimate the empirical models that describe the functional relationship between petrophysical (e.g. porosity, saturation, pressure or depth) and seismic variable(P and S velocities and density);
– the pure-mode (PP) reflection coefficient is parameterized in terms of the relevant petrophysical variables and is linearized in order to implement the linear inversion;
– the sought petrophysical parameters are estimated from the seismic reflected amplitudes by applying the linearized inversion where a priori information, data and model errors and solutions are described by probability density functions.
We test the method on synthetic and real data relative to reflections from a shale/gas-sand interface where the amplitude versus angle response, besides the lithological contrast, is mainly controlled by the saturation and porosity of the sand layer. The outcomes of the linearized inversion are almost identical to those obtained by a previously developed non-linear inversion method demonstrating the applicability of the linear inversion. It turns out that the gas-sand saturation in the range 0%–95% is a poorly resolved parameter while the porosity is the best resolved parameter. The issues of robustness and resolution of the inversion are discussed either through singular value decomposition analysis or the observation of the a posteriori probability density functions.
The linear inversion algorithm, compared with the previously developed non-linear method, reduces significantly the computation time allowing for more extensive applications. 相似文献
– information from borehole logs are statistically analysed to estimate the empirical models that describe the functional relationship between petrophysical (e.g. porosity, saturation, pressure or depth) and seismic variable(P and S velocities and density);
– the pure-mode (PP) reflection coefficient is parameterized in terms of the relevant petrophysical variables and is linearized in order to implement the linear inversion;
– the sought petrophysical parameters are estimated from the seismic reflected amplitudes by applying the linearized inversion where a priori information, data and model errors and solutions are described by probability density functions.
We test the method on synthetic and real data relative to reflections from a shale/gas-sand interface where the amplitude versus angle response, besides the lithological contrast, is mainly controlled by the saturation and porosity of the sand layer. The outcomes of the linearized inversion are almost identical to those obtained by a previously developed non-linear inversion method demonstrating the applicability of the linear inversion. It turns out that the gas-sand saturation in the range 0%–95% is a poorly resolved parameter while the porosity is the best resolved parameter. The issues of robustness and resolution of the inversion are discussed either through singular value decomposition analysis or the observation of the a posteriori probability density functions.
The linear inversion algorithm, compared with the previously developed non-linear method, reduces significantly the computation time allowing for more extensive applications. 相似文献
18.
Seismic Rock physics plays a bridge role between the rock moduli and physical properties of the hydrocarbon reservoirs. Prestack seismic inversion is an important method for the quantitative characterization of elasticity, physical properties, lithology and fluid properties of subsurface reservoirs. In this paper, a high order approximation of rock physics model for clastic rocks is established and one seismic AVO reflection equation characterized by the high order approximation(Jacobian and Hessian matrix) of rock moduli is derived. Besides, the contribution of porosity, shale content and fluid saturation to AVO reflectivity is analyzed. The feasibility of the proposed AVO equation is discussed in the direct estimation of rock physical properties. On the basis of this, one probabilistic AVO inversion based on differential evolution-Markov chain Monte Carlo stochastic model is proposed on the premise that the model parameters obey Gaussian mixture probability prior model. The stochastic model has both the global optimization characteristics of the differential evolution algorithm and the uncertainty analysis ability of Markov chain Monte Carlo model. Through the cross parallel of multiple Markov chains, multiple stochastic solutions of the model parameters can be obtained simultaneously, and the posterior probability density distribution of the model parameters can be simulated effectively. The posterior mean is treated as the optimal solution of the model to be inverted.Besides, the variance and confidence interval are utilized to evaluate the uncertainties of the estimated results, so as to realize the simultaneous estimation of reservoir elasticity, physical properties, discrete lithofacies and dry rock skeleton. The validity of the proposed approach is verified by theoretical tests and one real application case in eastern China. 相似文献
19.
定量描述储层特征的物理量称为储层参数,在储层描述工作中储层参数预测是一个重要环节.本文以岩石物理理论为基础研究了利用岩石物理逆建模理论进行储层参数预测的方法.在合理、有效的岩石物理模型的基础上,逆建模方法通过弹性参数的等值面的空间交会可以预测出储层参数.在此基础上提出了一种扩展的岩石物理逆建模方法,在两个不同的储层参数域进行三维岩石物理逆建模,通过逆建模结果的参数域转换可以预测更多的储层参数,为储层特征描述提供了更加充分的数据支持.输入数据的种类对于预测结果的准确性有较大影响,利用本文建立的弹性参数适用性分析方法可以选择出适用性好的弹性参数组合作为输入数据.将本方法应用于模型数据和实际工区数据,取得了较好的预测效果,证明方法具有一定的实用性. 相似文献
20.
叠前反演和地震吸收技术在复杂天然气藏地震预测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对某复杂断块天然气目标储层,在岩石物理分析的指导下,综合利用地质、地震、测井等资料,提出了一套面向复杂天然气藏的叠前地震预测技术.首先基于地震岩石物理分析得到的初始横波信息,采用叠前贝叶斯非线性三参数反演得到了井旁控制点处精确纵横波速度和密度信息,然后通过叠前/叠后联合反演技术实现了面向目标的弹性阻抗体反演及含气储层敏感参数直接提取,最后结合小波变换时频谱分析的方法从叠前地震资料中估算地层吸收参数值,提高天然气藏识别精度.实际应用表明,综合各种叠前地震预测技术,可以大大提高对复杂天然气藏的识别精度,降低勘探风险. 相似文献