共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 937 毫秒
1.
随着空间目标活动和卫星导航系统的增多,观测电离层数据的途径越来越多,探测精度也越来越高.在Kalman滤波的基础上,利用2016年的国际参考电离层(IRI-2016)模型中电离层垂直电子含量(Vertical Total Electron Content, VTEC),结合地基反演得到的VTEC值,利用数据融合算法提高电离层VTEC的近实时反演精度.针对加拿大附近高纬度区域(130°W–150°W, 60°N–70°N)、朝鲜、韩国和日本周边中纬度区域(115°E–135°E, 32.5°N–42.5°N)、洪都拉斯和危地马拉附近低纬度区域(80°W–100°W, 10°N–20°N)进行了观测,比较发现地基反演和数据融合技术得到的电离层VTEC精度都比较高,但是数据融合得到的电离层VTEC在3个区域的精度都明显更好.该算法能够很好地应用在地面基准站数量较多的区域,同时也能应用在地面基准站数量较少或者海洋、沙漠等布设地面基准站不方便的区域,提高电离层VTEC的精度. 相似文献
2.
半相接双星室女座UW轨道周期变化的物理机制研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对大陵五型半相接双星室女座UW的轨道周期变化进行了分析.结果表明该星的轨道周期在长期快速增加(dP/dt=+1.37×10-6天/年)的同时也含有周期为62.3年的周期性变化.利用Brancewicz和Dworak在1980年给出的基本物理参量,对引起轨道周期变化的物理机制进行了分析研究.分析表明一个质量为Ms>0.94M⊙的第三天体的光时轨道效应能对轨道周期的周期性变化成份作出解释.由于在观测上没有发现这个第三天体存在的信息,它有可能是一个致密天体(如白矮星等).轨道周期的长期增加成份可解释为由次星到主星的物质交流引起(dM2/dt=1.43×10-7M⊙/年),这与该系统次星充满的半接几何结构是相一致的.但是,根据双星演化理沦,大陵五型半相接双星应该处于以次星的核反应时标进行物质交换的慢速物质交流演化阶段,而分析发现该星的轨道周期变化时标远小于次星的核反应时标,但接近于次星的热力学时标,揭示了(1)这颗双星处于以次星热力学时标进行物质交换的快速物质交流演化阶段;或(2)系统的星周物质要通过角动量交换对轨道周期的快速增加做贡献. 相似文献
3.
光学波段的“变脸”AGN (changing-look Active Galactic Nucleus, CL AGN)是光谱类型发生变化AGN的统称.近年来,越来越多观测证据表明这类现象与中央超大质量黑洞吸积活动有关.而黑洞吸积率的变化可能会引起喷流的增强或者减弱,进而导致射电波段观测性质的变化.在已发表的文献中,收集了74个光学波段证认的“变脸”AGN、90个“变脸”AGN的候选体.基于这个目前最大并且选源方式多样化的非完备样本,探讨了“变脸”AGN在射电波段的观测性质.从澳大利亚平方公里阵先导设备(Australian Square Kilometre Array (SKA) Pathfinder, ASKAP)和美国甚大阵甚大阵(Very Large Array, VLA)的4大射电巡天观测中,发现了51个“变脸”AGN (含21个候选体)在0.9–3 GHz存在射电波段的对应体,样本的射电探测率约为41%,与一般AGN的射电探测率无显著区别.此外,分析了这些源的射电谱指数,发现在1.4 GHz和3 GHz频段“变脸”AGN相对于一般射电源有较平的射电谱.该统计结果或可解释为“... 相似文献
4.
《天文学报》2016,(6)
甚长基线干涉测量(VLBI,Very Long Baseline Interferometry)能够提高深空探测器测定轨的精度,目前应用于深空探测中的多为差分VLBI技术(?VLBI).差分VLBI相关相位中存在时间间隔,把不同时间段的相位无整周模糊度地连接起来能清晰地反映卫星运动轨迹,有助于提高卫星的测定轨精度和开展行星无线电科学研究.同时,VLBI相时延因其超高的精度有广泛应用,但解算条件苛刻.基于此,首先利用两个频点的差分相位与单频点相位变化趋势一致的思想,研究了一种新方法连接差分VLBI单频点的相位;然后提出一种利用窄带宽(1 MHz)中的两个频点相位解算相时延的方法,并用嫦娥三号(CE3)着陆器的数据做了实际解算和验证;最后给出了仅利用数天VLBI相时延对着陆器进行定位的方法,得到的结果为(44.1239°N,19.5106°W),和事后基于美国月球侦察轨道器(LRO)窄角相机(NAC)影像数据的定位结果(44.12189°N,19.51129°W)相比,差异为百米左右,验证了仅利用VLBI相时延也能进行着陆器定位的有效性. 相似文献
5.
6.
天文国介一般都从地球大气的局部运动来解释天文时纬残差波动的原因，但长期得不出确定的结论。本文从残差波动异常同台站周围强震活动的关系出发，论述了地下物质运动与构造活动也是产生天文时纬波动异常的可能原因，其中的关键是地方铅垂线的变化。作者认为，天文时纬仪器的特长是能检测铅垂线的连续变化，若经改进，它即能铅垂线的变化，又能对地震预测提供有益的信息。 相似文献
7.
星系团/群内光(ICL (Intra-Cluster Light)/IGL (Intra-Group Light))可以用来研究星系群和星系团的动力学演化. Hickson致密星系群密度高并且速度弥散低,其致密的环境可以用来研究星系并合和相互作用星系的性质,是研究IGL理想场所之一.利用中国近地天体巡天望远镜(Chinese Near Object Survey Telescope,CNEOST)的观测,获得了星系群HCG 95的g波段和r波段深度成像数据.采用模型拟合方法来测量HCG 95星系群中的IGL光度,并计算了IGL的光度占星系群总光度的比例fIGL,在g和r波段的结果分别为3.55%±0.38%和3.78%±0.59%.此外,利用常规的表面亮度阈值截取方法,在g和r波段的结果分别为1.9%–10%和1.5%–10%,与前述结果一致.估算的IGL颜色(g-r=0.78±0.37)与星系群中的HCG 95A和HCG 95C星系的颜色(g-r=0.82–0.85)一致,属于年老星族,表明HCG 95星系群中的IGL可能来自HCG 95A和HCG 95C相互作用剥离出来的物质,也有... 相似文献
8.
着重考察了《授时历》的步五星术,考校、复原了其推步方法.(1)推步了1299年木星历,并与已有研究进行比对,从而确认恢复方法的正确性.(2)得出《授时历》在1280～1650年间推步五星黄经的精度,木星、火星、土星、金星和水星的误差的绝对值平均分别为0.49°、1.91°、0.70°、2.82°和5.01°,木星、土星的精度较高.(3)指出将现代天文方法获取的《授时历》五星参数(周率、历率、度率、合应及历应)精确值代入《授时历》推步模型,木星、土星的推步精度并未提高,误差分别为1.83°和1.21°,而水星、金星和火星的误差却大幅加大,结果分别为30.04°、54.86°和10.82°.说明某些重要参数的修正并不能改善推步结果. 相似文献
9.
随着"环日轨道器"(Solar Orbiter, SO)的在轨运行,太阳磁场观测进入了双视角遥测的时代.对利用太阳磁场的双视角观测改正矢量磁图中存在的横场(垂直于视线方向的磁场分量) 180°不确定性进行了模拟,首先模拟了对解析解得到磁图的双视角观测,然后利用"日震学和磁学成像仪"(Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager, HMI)在不同时间观测到的一个老化黑子的磁图模拟了双视角观测.发现要改正一个磁图中横场方向的180°不确定性,在观测上只需要另外一个平行于视线方向的磁场即纵向磁场观测的协助.利用HMI的磁场观测模拟,估算显示30°的张角能够改正50 Gs磁场中的180°不确定性.更大的张角虽然更有利于更弱磁场的改正,但是考虑到投影效应的不利影响, 30°左右的张角应该是未来空间设备进行多视角观测太阳磁场的最佳张角. 相似文献
10.
接收机是射电天文中用于探测微弱射电信号的重要接收设备.接收机的强度校准就是将接收机对射电源的响应转换为天文意义上的流量密度.常规方法就是使用经典的冷热负载法,将接收机自身的强度响应转换为一个等效的温度值,之后再据此对射电源做进一步标定.通过搭建基于斩波轮技术的K波段接收机强度校准平台,使用斩波轮法测试K波段常温接收机的噪声温度,并与传统冷热负载法的测试结果进行比对.结果显示,在晴好天气条件下,斩波轮法在30°、90°仰角下噪声温度的最大测试误差为7.5%和8.4%,可以很好地应用于实际噪声温度测试中;但在5°仰角测试中,由于过低仰角引入了地面噪声,使得斩波轮法的测试误差上升至20%–30%之间而无法使用.希望在此基础上进一步开展K波段天空亮温度的理论计算与实测,从而完善斩波轮技术的应用,使之可以满足在不同气象条件下的噪声校准测试需求. 相似文献
11.
Space object orbital covariance data is required for collision risk assessments, but publicly accessible two line element (TLE) data does not provide orbital error information. This paper compared historical TLE data and GPS precision ephemerides of CHAMP to assess TLE orbit accuracy from 2002 to 2008, inclusive. TLE error spatial variations with longitude and latitude were calculated to analyze error characteristics and distribution. The results indicate that TLE orbit data are systematically biased from the limited SGP4 model. The biases can reach the level of kilometers, and the sign and magnitude are correlate significantly with longitude. 相似文献
12.
We explore a simple model for the representation of the observed distributions of the motions, and the characteristic ages
of the local population of pulsars. The principal difference from earlier models is the introduction of a unique value,S, for the kick velocity with which pulsars are born. We consider separately the proper motion components in galactic longitude
and latitude, and find that the distributions of the velocity components parallel and perpendicular to the galactic plane
are represented satisfactorily byS = 200 km/sec, and leave no room for a significant fraction of much higher velocities. The successful proposition of a unique
value for the kick velocity may provide an interesting tool in attempts to understand the physical process leading to the
expulsion of the neutron star.
This paper is an extended analysis of the talk presented by A. Blaauw at the Raman Research Institute on 20th February, 1996. 相似文献
13.
We discuss observations of the Moon at a wavelength of 49.3 cm made with the Owens Valley Radio Observatory Interferometer. These observations have been fit to models in order to estimate the lunar dielectric constant, the equatorial subsurface temperature, the latitude dependence of the subsurface temperature, and the subsurface temperature gradient. The models are most consistent with a dielectric constant of 2.52 ± 0.01 (formal errors), an equatorial subsurface temperature of 249?5+8K, and a change in the subsurface temperature with latitude (ψ), which is proportional to cos0.38ψ. Since the temperature of the Moon has been measured by the Apollo Lunar Heat Flow Experiment, we have been able to use our determination of the equatorial temperature to estimate the error in the flux density calibration scale at 49.3cm (608 MHz). This results in a correction factor of 1.03 ± 0.04, which must be applied to the flux density scale. This factor is much different from 1.21 ± 0.09 estimated by Muhleman et al. (1973) from the brightness temperature of Venus and apparently indicates that the observed decrease in the brightness temperature of Venus at long wavelengths is a real effect.The estimates of the temperature gradient, which are based on the measurement of limb darkening, are small and negative (temperature decreases with depth) and may be insignificantly different from zero since they are only as large as their formal errors. We estimate that a temperature gradient in excess of 0.6K/m at 10m depth would have been observed. Thus, a temperature gradient like that measured in situ at the Apollo 15 and 17 landing sites in the upper 2m of the regolith is not typical of the entire lunar frontside at the 10m depths where the 49.3 cm wavelength emission originates. This result may indicate that the mean lunar heat flow is lower than that measured at the Apollo landing sites, that the thermal conductivity is greater at 10m depth than it is at 2m depth, or that the radio opacity is greater at 10m depth than at 2m depth. The negative estimates of the temperature gradient indicate that the Moon appeared limb bright and might be explained by scattering of the emission from boulders or an interface with solid rock. The presence of solid rock at 10m depths will probably cause heat flows like those measured by Apollo to be unobservable by our interferometric method at long wavelengths, since it will cause both the thermal conductivity and radio opacity of the regolith to increase. Thus, our data may be most consistent with a change in the physical properties of the regolith to those of solid rock or a mixture of rock and soil at depths of 7 to 16m. Our results show that future radio measurements for heat flow determinations must utilize wavelengths considerably shorter than 50 cm (25 cm or less) to avoid the rock regions below the regolith. 相似文献
14.
For pulsars in globular clusters, we suggest using observations of the relativistic time delay of their radiation in the gravitational field of a massive body (the Shapiro effect) located close to the line of sight to detect and identify invisible compact objects and to study the distribution of both visible and dark matter in globular clusters and different components of the Galaxy. We have derived the dependences of the event probability on the Galactic latitude and longitude of sources for two models of the mass distribution in the Galaxy: the “classical” Bahcall—Soneira model and the more recent Dehnen—Binney model. Using three globular clusters (M15, 47 Tuc, Terzan 5) as an example, we show that the ratios of the probability of the events due to the passages of massive Galactic objects close to the line of sight to the parameter f 2 for pulsars in the globular clusters 47 Tuc and M 15 are comparable to those for close passages of massive objects in the clusters themselves and are considerably higher than those for the cluster Terzan 5. We have estimated the rates of such events. We have determined the number of objects near the line of sight toward the pulsar that can produce a modulation of its pulse arrival times characteristic of the effect under consideration; the population of brown dwarfs in the Galactic disk, whose concentration is comparable to that of the disk stars, has been taken into account for the first time. 相似文献
15.
A large number of spectra measured by the planetary Fourier spectrometer aboard the European Mars Express mission have been studied to identify the average properties of methane in the Martian atmosphere. Using the line at 3018 cm−1, we have studied the seasonal, diurnal, and spatial variations of methane through the analysis of large averages of spectra (more than 1000 measurements). Methane mixing ratio has been obtained simultaneously with water vapour mixing ratio and water ice content, by best fitting (minimising the χ2) the computed averages with synthetic spectra. These spectra were computed for different values of the three parameters (methane and water vapour mixing ratio, and water ice optical depth).The methane mixing ratio shows a slow decrease from northern spring to southern summer with an average value of 14±5 ppbv (part per billion by volume) and it does not show a particular trend with latitude. The methane mixing ratio seems not to be uniform in longitude in the Martian atmosphere, as already reported by Formisano et al. [2004. Detection of methane in the atmosphere of Mars. Science 306, 1758-1761]. Two maxima are present at −40°E and +70°E longitude. In local time, the methane mixing ratio seems to follow the water vapour diurnal cycle. The most important point for future understanding is, however, that there are special orbits in which methane mixing ratio has a very high value. 相似文献
16.
The median values of the principal ionospheric quantities of the Venus dayside ionosphere are presented. The values are derived from the quantities measured by the Pioneer-Venus orbiter retarding potential analyzer over a period of two Earth yaers at solar cycle maximum. Quantities reported are total ion density, O+ density, O2+ density, sum density (NO+ + N2+ + CO+), CO2+ density, ion temperature, electron temperature, and plasma particle pressure. The data are organized to reveal altitude, solar zenith angle, solar longitude, and latitude dependences. The O+ density exhibits both a solar longitude and a latitude dependence which we suggest is caused by superrotation of the thermosphere and/or ionosphere. Asymmetry between the dawn and dusk terminator regions in the behavior of other quantities is also descibed. 相似文献
17.
We compare different methods to reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) coronal mass ejection (CME) morphology. The explored methods include geometric localisation, mask fitting, forward modelling, polarisation ratio, and local correlation tracking plus triangulation. These five methods are applied to the same CME event that occurred on 7 August 2010. Their corresponding results are presented and compared, especially in their propagation direction and spatial extent in 3D. We find that the mask fitting and geometric localisation methods produce consistent results. Reconstructions including three-view observations are more precise than reconstructions done with only two views. Compared to the forward modelling method, in which an a priori shape of the CME geometry is assumed, the mask fitting has more flexibility. The polarisation ratio method makes use of the Thomson scattering geometry. We find that spatially the 3D CME derived from the mask fitting lies mostly in the overlap region obtained with the polarisation method using data from STEREO. In addition, the mask fitting can help resolve the front/back ambiguity inherent in the polarisation ratio method. However, the local correlation tracking plus triangulation did not show consistent results with the other four methods. This method performed poorly, primarily because the two STEREO spacecraft had a large angular separation. Under these circumstances, it is difficult to identify points taken from independent images that correspond to the same physical feature. Excluding the local correlation tracking method, the latitude of the CME??s centre of gravity derived from the other methods deviates within 1°, and the longitude differs within 19°. 相似文献
18.
We examine daily records of sunspot group areas (measured in millionths of a solar hemisphere or μHem) for the last 130 years
to determine the rate of decay of sunspot group areas. We exclude observations of groups when they are more than 60° in longitude
from the central meridian and only include data when at least three days of observations are available following the date
of maximum area for a group’s disk passage. This leaves data for over 18 000 measurements of sunspot group decay. We find
that the decay rate increases linearly from 28 μHem day−1 to about 140 μHem day−1 for groups with areas increasing from 35 μHem to 1000 μHem. The decay rate tends to level off for groups with areas larger
than 1000 μHem. This behavior is very similar to the increase in the number of sunspots per group as the area of the group
increases. Calculating the decay rate per individual sunspot gives a decay rate of about 3.65 μHem day−1 with little dependence upon the area of the group. This suggests that sunspots decay by a Fickian diffusion process with
a diffusion coefficient of about 10 km2 s−1. Although the 18 000 decay rate measurements are lognormally distributed, this can be attributed to the lognormal distribution
of sunspot group areas and the linear relationship between area and decay rate for the vast majority of groups. We find weak
evidence for variations in decay rates from one solar cycle to another and for different phases of each sunspot cycle. However,
the strongest evidence for variations is with latitude and the variations with cycle and phase of each cycle can be attributed
to this variation. High latitude spots tend to decay faster than low latitude spots. 相似文献
19.
In this work, the analysis of the photoelectric light curve (LC) in the broad‐band filter (400–700 nm) for the UU And system was carried out using the PHOEBE program (vers. 0.31a). The absolute dimensions of the system are determined and its evolution is discussed. Moreover, the period changes of the system are studied using updated O – C data, which shows a cyclic change with a period of Pmod = 18 yr. This was attributed to a magnetic activity cycle operating in this system. In addition to the cyclic change, a long‐term secular variation due to mass transfer from the secondary to the primary component with a rate of 6.17×10–9 M⊙ yr–1 was also detected. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
20.
We use minimal empirical modelling techniques to interpret recent (2006–2007) photometry and spectroscopy of AB Dor. We compare, in particular, broadband (B and V) maculation effects with emission features in high‐resolution Ca II K‐line spectroscopy. We also compare emission effects in the Ca II Kand Hα lines observed at different rotational phases. We refer to a broader multiwavelength campaign, of which these optical data were a part, involving X‐ray and microwave observations to be published later. The broadband light curves are characterized by one outstanding macula, whereas the emission lines suggest 4 possible main chromospheric activity sites (‘faculae’). These appear at a similar latitude and with comparable size to the main umbra, but there are significant displacements in longitude. However, one strong facular concentration near phase zero may have a physical relationship to the main macula. The derived longitudes of these features would have been affected by differential rotation operating over the several months between the spectroscopic and photometric observations, but the difference of at least ∼30° between facula and umbra appears too great to allow their coincidence. The possibility of a large bipolar surface structure is considered, keeping in mind the bipolar character of solar activity centres: the activity of rapidly rotating cool stars being generally compared with that of the Sun, scaled up by a few orders of magnitude. Observed microwave activity may link to this same main photospheric and chromospheric centre picked up by the optical analysis. Characterization of macular and facular contributions in stellar activity sites would be improved with a closer timing of observations and higher signal to noise ratios in emission line data (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献