共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
The isotopic ratios and show an annual periodicity in the coral Montastrea annularis from Bermuda, Jamaica and Barbados. The abundances of 18O and 13C are positively correlated in the Jamaica and Barbados samples, but inversely related in the Bermuda sample. Annual high density growth bands are formed during the season of warmest water temperature at all 3 sites and are enriched in 16O. M. Annularis has a constant displacement from oxygen isotopic equilibrium and accurately records seasonal temperature variations via the temperature-dependent aragonite-water fractionation factor. Light intensity, through the activity of the coral's endosymbiotic algae, regulates the depth-dependent and seasonal variations in the skeletal carbon isotopic composition. 相似文献
2.
The sequence of vegetation phases in the late Glacial was studied in a sediment section from the bog Tourbière de Chirens by means of pollen analysis. ratios of samples of lacustrine marl, obtained from the same profile, reflect variations of in precipitation and thus provide an additional, independent paleoclimatic record. The observed variations agree well with the climatic history as deduced from pollen analysis. The climatic transition from the Oldest Dryas to the Bølling period sensu lato, as well as the beginning and end of the Younger Dryas cold phase, is marked by abrupt changes in the ratio which were observed also in other regions of the Alps. These drastic climatic changes probably took place simultaneously over large areas of Central Europe and occurred within short time spans. 相似文献
3.
Rock samples from an Eocene cliff above the thermal spring of Hamam-el-Farun (west coast of Sinai) show various degrees of dolomitization and calcitization and ratios indicate that dolomite and secondary calcite precipitated from hot brines. 相似文献
4.
F.R. Niederer D.A. Papanastassiou G.J. Wasserburg 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1981,45(7):1017-1031
We describe the analytical techniques developed for the precise measurement of the titanium isotope abundances using a TiO+ ion beam. Terrestrial, lunar, and bulk meteorite samples yield identical results. Using a normalization to for mass dependent isotope fractionation, we obtain the normal Ti composition: ; ; ; (2σ grand mean), taking and . Measurements on thirteen coarse-grained and fine-grained Ca-Al-Ti-rich inclusions from the Allende and Leoville meteorites show the presence of widespread, significant, nonlinear isotope anomalies in the Ti isotopes which were not used for normalization. The data require the addition of at least three exotic components. The distinct correlation of non-linear effects for the most neutron-rich isotopes of Ca and Ti and the absence of substantial effects at 46Ca in the FUN samples EK-1-4-1 and C-1 indicate that the effects reflect neutron-rich equilibrium or quasi-equilibrium nucleosynthetic processes in the outer layers of a supernova core. The results on Ca and Ti in conjunction with the isotopic effects on other elements (Mg, Sr, Ba, Nd, Sm) show that the samples represent mixtures of different nucleosynthetic components from distinctive processes (‘e’, ‘r’, ‘p’) which do not appear to be related to processes in the same stellar sites. 相似文献
5.
6.
The extent of oxygen isotopic exchange between detrital clay minerals and sea water was investigated by analyzing ratios of separated fine-grained size fractions of deep-sea sediments from three North Pacific ocean cores. Isotopic results were interpreted according to models based on the assumption that the extent of isotopic exchange should increase with decreasing particle size and increasing time of exchange between the sediment and sea water. The data indicate that information concerning the provenance and mode of formation of detrital clay minerals can be obtained from the ratios of the coarser-than-0.1 μm fraction of deep-sea sediments younger than several million years and the finer-than-0.1 μm fraction of deep-sea sediments younger than several tens of thousands of years. Furthermore, if the extent of chemical reaction between detrital clays and sea water is similar to the extent of oxygen isotopic exchange, such reaction may be important in regulating the chemistry of sea water. 相似文献
7.
E. Bonatti J.R. Lawrence P.R. Hamlyn D. Breger 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1980,44(8):1207-1214
Aragonite mineralization was observed in serpentinized peridotites from the Romanche and Vema Fracture Zones in the Atlantic and the Owen Fracture Zone in the Indian Ocean, either in veins or as radial aggregates in cavities within the serpentinites. Evidence of incipient dissolution of the aragonite crystals was observed in one case. The aragonites tend to have lower Mg content (< 0.03%) and higher Sr content (> 0.95%) relative to other marine aragonites. Their , and isotopic ratios suggest the aragonite was deposited at ocean floor temperatures from solutions derived from sea water circulating in fissures and fractures within the ultramafic rocks. The ratios of the serpentines indicate serpentinization occurred at higher temperatures, probably deeper in the crust. Low-T reactions between circulating seawater and Mg-silicates (primarily serpentine and pyroxenes) caused high pH and enrichment of Mg and Ca in the solution, conditions favoring carbonate precipitation. Aragonite was formed rather than calcite presumably because the high Mg2+ concentration in the solution inhibited calcite precipitation. The high Sr content of the aragonites is probably related, at least in part, to their low temperature of formation. Opaque mineral grains containing over 8% NiO and over 40% MnO were observed concentrated along the margins of some of the aragonite veins, suggesting that Ni is one of the elements mobilized during reactions between ultramafic rocks and circulating seawater. 相似文献
8.
Donald W. Northfelt Michael J. DeNiro Samuel Epstein 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1981,45(10):1895-1898
The and C ratios of the cellulose nitrate and saponifiable lipid fractions prepared from eleven annual growth rings of a California redwood were determined. The ratios of the two fractions are related to one another for the annual rings in the sapwood portion of the tree, but not for those in the heartwood or in the wood undergoing the transition from sapwood to heartwood. No relationship was observed between the ratios of the two fractions. These results suggest that analysis of the hydrogen isotopic composition of the saponifiable lipid fractions in plants will provide information useful for climatic reconstruction provided the initial isotopic record has not been changed by subsequent physiological or diagenetic processes. 相似文献
9.
The solubility of rutile has been determined in a series of compositions in the K2O-Al2O3-SiO2 system ( + Al2O3) = 0.38–0.90), and the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 system (). Isothermal results in the KAS system at 1325°C, 1400°C, and 1475°C show rutile solubility to be a strong function of the ratio. For example, at 1475°C the amount of TiO2 required for rutile saturation varies from 9.5 wt% () to 11.5 wt% () to 41.2 wt% (). In the CAS system at 1475°C, rutile solubility is not a strong function of . The amount of TiO2 required for saturation varies from 14 wt% () to 16.2 wt% ().The solubility changes in KAS melts are interpreted to be due to the formation of strong complexes between Ti and K+ in excess of that needed to charge balance Al3+. The suggested stoichiometry of this complex is K2Ti2O5 or K2Ti3O7. In CAS melts, the data suggest that Ca2+ in excess of A13+ is not as effective at complexing with Ti as is K+. The greater solubility of rutile in CAS melts when is less than 0.54 compared to KAS melts of equal ratio results primarily from competition between Ti and Al for complexing cations (Ca vs. K).TiKβ x-ray emission spectra of KAS glasses () with 7 mole% added TiO2, rutile, and Ba2TiO4, demonstrate that the average Ti-O bond length in these glasses is equal to that of rutile rather than Ba2TiO4, implying that Ti in these compositions is 6-fold rather than 4-fold coordinated. Re-examination of published spectroscopic data in light of these results and the solubility data, suggests that the 6-fold coordination polyhedron of Ti is highly distorted, with at least one Ti-O bond grossly undersatisfied in terms of Pauling's rules. 相似文献
10.
J.R Holloway 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1973,37(3):651-666
The stability of the amphibole pargasite [NaCa2Mg4Al(Al2Si6))O22(OH)2] in the melting range has been determined at total pressures (P) of 1.2 to 8 kbar. The activity of H2O was controlled independently of P by using mixtures of H2O + CO2 in the fluid phase. The mole fraction of H2O in the fluid () ranged from 1.0 to 0.2.At P < 4 kbar the stability temperature (T) of pargasite decreases with decreasing at constant P. Above P ? 4 kbar stability T increases as is decreased below one, passes through a T maximum and then decreases with a further decrease in . This behavior is due to a decrease in the H2O content of the silicate liquid as decreases. The magnitude of the T maximum increases from about 10°C (relative to the stability T for ) at P = 5 kbar to about 30°C at P = 8 kbar, and the position of the maximum shifts from at P = 5 kbar to at P = 8 kbar.The H2O content of liquid coexisting with pargasite has been estimated as a function of at 5 and 8 kbar P, and can be used to estimate the H2O content of magmas. Because pargasite is stable at low values of at high P and T, hornblende can be an important phase in igneous processes even at relatively low H2O fugacities. 相似文献
11.
Six authigenic feldspars and three detrital feldspars in limestones and dolostones of Eocene to Preeambrian ages were analyzed for their content. The difference in δO18 between the authigenic feldspars (δO18range = + 18.2 to + 24.7%.) and carbonate host rocks, both limestones and dolostones, was found to be ?0.5 to ?1.4%. Detrital feldspars (δO18 = + 11.2, + 22.5 and + 17.0%.) exhibit Δfeldsparcarbonate values of ?12.0, ?2.4 and ?1.6‰, respectively, and appear to have undergone increased isotopic exchange as a function of decreased grain size under solid-state conditions. 相似文献
12.
, and ratios have been measured on the same samples for carbonatite complexes. The results show that besides the ‘carbonatite box’ of Tayloret al. (1967) there exist higher δ18O and δ13C values than can be explained by late magmatic or deuteric processes. These processes correspond to high concentrations of CO2 and lead to big enrichments in 18O and 13C as well as in some ‘volatile’ elements. Strontium results are consistent with a model of selective contamination of deep-seated material by highly radiogenic strontium. The whole study leads to the opinion that parent magmas of carbonatites differentiated in a crustal environment with or without significant contamination. 相似文献
13.
The diffusivity of oxygen was determined in melts of Jadeite (NaAlSi2O6) and diopside (CaMgSi2O6) compositions using diffusion couples with 18O as a tracer. In the Jadeite melt, the diffusivity of oxygen increases from at 5 Kb to at 20 Kb at constant temperature (1400°C), whereas in the diopside melt at 1650°C, the diffusivity decreases from at 10 Kb to at 17 Kb. These results demonstrate that the diffusivity is inversely correlated with the viscosity of the melt. For the jadeite melt, in particular, the inverse correlation is very well approximated by the Eyring equation using the diameter of oxygen ions as a unit distance of translation, suggesting that the viscous flow is rate-limited by the diffusion of individual oxygen ions. In the diopside melt, the activation volume is slightly greater than the molar volume of oxygen ion, indicating that the individual oxygen ion is the diffusion unit. The negative activation volume obtained for the jadeite melt is interpreted as the volume decrease associated with a diffusive jump of an oxygen ion due to local collapse of the network structure. 相似文献
14.
A parameter ΔO2?, defined as the difference between the Gibbs energy of formation of a given oxide and its aqueous cation, was used to obtain linear relationships among Gibbs energies of formation from the elements of hydroxides, oxides and aqueous metallic ions (Tardy and Garrels, 1976). Use of this parameter has now been extended to meta- and orthosilicates for which the Gibbs energies of formation of silicates from their oxides are shown to be linear functions of the ΔO2? values of their constituent cations. The function obtained for metasilicates is: and that for orthosilicates is: in which Δo? silicate is the Gibbs energy of formation from the elements of a silicate of a given cation and ∑ΔGo? oxides is the sum of the Gibbs energies of formation from the elements of the constituent oxides of the silicate considered.These functions can be used to test for consistency within and between various sources of thermodynamic data and to estimate free energy of formation values for previously unstudied species. 相似文献
15.
ratios measured in Quaternary lavas from Java and the Banda arc of Indonesia range from 0.51242 to 0.51280 and exhibit an inverse correlation with . Isotopically, the Indonesian samples resemble Andean rather than island arc lavas. The samples from Java plot either within, or adjacent to the mantle array, towards higher ratios. Samples from the Banda arc and the anomalous calc-alkaline volcano Papandajan are characterized by relatively low and high ratios. These characteristics are consistent with the interpretation that subducted terrigenous material was involved in the genesis of these lavas. Furthermore the Banda arc samples appear to lie on a mixing line between isotopic compositions characteristic of the mantle and upper continental crust. A high-K trachyte from the alkaline volcano Muriah, Java, has isotopic characteristics of the mantle (, ), which implies that the extreme enrichment in large-ion-lithophile elements in its source must have occurred only shortly before its formation. The inferred ratio of the unmodified mantle beneath Java and the Banda arc is lower than that observed in mid-ocean ridge basalt, which may have important implications for a better understanding of the geochemical structure of the mantle. 相似文献
16.
David B. Wenner 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1979,43(4):603-614
, and analyses were made of 14 whole rock and 28 mineral samples of rodingites associated dominantly with lizardite-chrysotile serpentinites from the West Coast of the U.S.A., New Zealand, and the Northern Appalachian Mtns. The δD values of the rodingite minerals are in three groupings: 5 monomineralic veins of pectolite, ?281 to ?429; 8 monomineralic veins of xonotlite, ?112 to ?135; all other minerals, including hydrogarnet, idocrase, prehnite, actinolite, nephrite, and chlorite, ?34 to ?80. Most calcites in rodingites have δ18O (+9.3 to +14.4) and (δ13C (?6.7 to +0.9) values similar to calcites in other Franciscan rocks, but distinct from the very low temperature calcite veins in serpentinites. The data, combined with δ18O values of xonotlite (+5.7 to +10.9) and pectolite (+8.9 to +12.4) suggest formation from meteoric-type waters at low temperatures; the depletion of pectolite, however, is anomalous. Rodingite whole rock values range from δ18O = +4.1 to +11.5 and δD = ?50 to ?86; one sample containing minor amounts of lizardite-chrysotile serpentinite has δD = ?92, outside this range. However, most rodingites of basaltic or gabbroic parentage are more restricted in δ18O (+4.1 to +8.6). Such a wide range in δ18O is consistent with the idea that most rodingites form over a relatively broad range of hydrothermal temperatures. Hydrogen isotopic data for most rodingite minerals (except xonotlite and pectolite) and for whole rocks are suggestive of non-meteoric waters. These data overlap those observed for veins of hydrous minerals found in Franciscan igneous rocks studied by Margaritz and Taylor (1976, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta40, 215–234), possibly suggesting evolved D-enriched, connate type metamorphic waters generated during high P, low T Franciscan-type metamorphism at temperatures (250–500°C) comparable to estimates based on mineral stabilities. Such an interpretation is supported by the and data for calcite in rodingites.The isotope data appear to contradict some of the conclusions derived from geologic and petrologic studies that indicate concomitant metasomatism and serpentinization of their presently observed host rock. These data appear most consistent with the interpretation that most rodingite minerals, with the exception of late-stage veins of xonotlite and possibly pectolite, may involve metasomatism in association with antigorite serpentinization of ultramafic rock. Subsequent upward tectonic transport in many instances may result in incorporation of the rodingites into their presently observed lizarditechrysotile host rock during or subsequent to pervasive shallow level serpentinization by meteoric waters. 相似文献
17.
D.J Whitford 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1975,39(9):1287-1302
Pleistocene and Recent lavas from the Sunda arc range from those showing affinities with the island arc tholeiitic series, through a spectrum of calc-alkaline to high-K alkaline rocks. The tholeiitic rocks have relatively low ratios averaging 0–7043; the calc-alkaline rocks show a wide range (from 0.7038 to 0.7059, averaging 0.7048); the high-K alkaline rocks average 0.7045. A rhyolitic ignimbrite from Sumatra has an ratio of 0.7139.The relationship between and major and trace element geochemistry is variable and complex. Lavas from the same volcano sometimes show significant differences in despite close geochemical relationships. Rocks of the calc-alkaline suite show a regular decrease in from West Java to Bali and there is some evidence for increasing with increasing depth to the Benioff zone. Calc-alkaline and tholeiitic rocks from the Sunda arc have significantly higher ratios than those from other island arcs, except from those arcs where continental crustal involvement has been inferred (e.g. New Zealand).A model of 87Sr enrichment due to isotopic equilibration of oceanic crust with sea water and disequilibrium melting in the slab and/or mantle is favoured to explain the Sr isotopic composition of the tholeiitic and normal calc-alkaline lavas. Calc-alkaline lavas with high ratios are best explained by either sialic contamination, or the presence of alkali basalt as a component of the downgoing slab. The Sr isotopic data for the high-K alkaline lavas suggest a mantle origin. The high ratio in the Lake Toba rhyolite implies a crustal origin. 相似文献
18.
19.
Surendra P. Verma 《Chemical Geology》1984,46(1):37-53
Twelve samples of mid-Tertiary felsic volcanic rocks from Zacatecas and San Luis Potosí (both belonging to the Sierra Madre Occidental) and one sample of Lower Tertiary porphyritic andesite from Zacatecas are analyzed for , K, Rb, and Sr. Eight selected samples are also analyzed for . A linear regression of the present-day of the felsic volcanic rocks in Zacatecas gives an approximate date of 30 ± 8 Ma. The initial ratios are high and widely distributed (from 0.705 to 0.712 or higher) whereas the initial ratios are somewhat low and show a narrow range (0.5125–0.5127). The available isotopic and trace-element data are best explained in terms of a binary mixing model in which the magmas derived from a slightly depleted-mantle fractionate and mix with varying proportions of the overlying middle/upper continental crust and undergo further shallow-level fractional crystallization before eruption. This model is also compatible with the trace-element and Sr isotopic data published from other areas of the Sierra Madre Occidental for which a purely mantle origin has been proposed. 相似文献
20.
Kimberley C. Crocker Michael J. DeNiro Peter D. Ward 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1985,49(12):2527-2532
Eggwaters from the chambered cephalopod Nautilus are depleted in both 18O and deuterium relative to ambient seawater. Eggwaters from six other species, including the related chambered cephalopod Sepia, do not show such depletion. These observations indicate that the previously observed step towards more positive values in calcium carbonate laid down after Nautilus hatches, relative to carbonate precipitated prior to hatching, can be explained by equilibration of the carbonate with water in the egg before hatching and with seawater after hatching. The presence of an oxygen isotope difference between eggwater and seawater for Nautilus and its absence for Sepia suggest that hatching will be recorded in the values of shell carbonates for some but not all extinct and extant chambered cephalopods.The values of the organic fraction of the siphuncle in Nautilus do not show any consistent pattern with regard to the time of formation before or after hatching. This observation suggests that the minimum in values previously observed for calcium carbonate precipitated after Nautilus hatches is not caused by a change in food sources once the animal becomes free-swimming, as has been suggested. 相似文献