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1.
Shabad T 《Soviet geography》1980,21(7):440-488
This article is based on summary results concerning ethnic composition in the USSR according to the 1979 census. "These results...have been rearranged... to reflect not only the ethnic composition of the USSR and of its republics over time (1959, 1970, 1979), but also shifts in the distribution of particular ethnic groups. Furthermore, ethnic groups are discussed in a regional sequence. In combination with the migration tables based on previous results of the 1979 census...some conclusions can be drawn concerning the ethnic makeup of migrants among republics."  相似文献   

2.
Using the preliminary results of the 1979 census, the authors analyze trends in the distribution of the population of the USSR. Topics considered include the role of natural increase in the redistribution of the population, the relationship between economic development and the rate of population growth in Siberia, the effects of increasing rural-urban migration, and changes in the number and distribution of large cities.  相似文献   

3.
Recent Soviet research on commuting in the USSR is reviewed in the light of the General Strategy for a System of Settlement in the USSR, adopted in 1976. It is noted that rural-urban commuting to work has grown rapidly since 1975, particularly in the European parts of the USSR, and that most commuters prefer to live in rural or suburban areas within easy access of an urban center rather than in the central city itself.  相似文献   

4.
The author discusses "varying strategies of urbanization and city growth for the Soviet macroregions--European USSR, Siberia, and Central Asia." Several important research areas are outlined, including global aspects of urbanization, forecasts of urban growth in the USSR, formulation of a theory and methods for categorizing urban formation, urbanization and environmental concerns, mathematical modeling of urban systems, and research on specific urban systems.  相似文献   

5.
"This article investigates economic region net migration patterns in the USSR during the 1979-89 intercensal period. Net in-migration and net migration rate increases (compared to 1970-79) occurred in both the western and eastern portions of the Northern USSR region, while net out-migration and rate declines occurred throughout the Southern USSR. Net in-migration again occurred to Siberia, especially Tyumen' Oblast, and there was a reduced rate of net out-migration from the Nonchernozem Zone and Central Chernozem Region of European RSFSR."  相似文献   

6.
"Patterns of population distribution revealed from 1989 census data are used to assess how future population movements could be affected by current political, social, and economic changes. Much migration in the USSR has reflected central planning decisions as much as the spontaneous decisions of individuals. To the extent that the influence of the command economy diminishes and a market economy emerges, major new directions of migration flows can be expected. The return of ethnic 'expatriates' to home republics can be expected to increase, as can economic migration to areas with favorably perceived economic prospects, and migration to Central and Western Europe."  相似文献   

7.
New approaches to the study of population growth, spatial distribution, and urbanization in the USSR are presented. "Quantitative analysis of historical trends in city growth rates within Moscow Oblast (1926-1984) reveals two major components or city types: a group of cities with below-(oblast) average rates for each of five periods of analysis (1926-39, 1939-59, 1959-70, 1970-79, 1979-84) and a second category experiencing above-average growth until 1970, with subsequent reduction of rates below the oblast average."  相似文献   

8.
Natural gas flows in the USSR are modeled using the out-of-kilter algorithm after the transmission system is abstracted into a network of demand and supply nodes and bounded arcs. Evaluation of the resulting flow pattern is done for 1970, 1975, 1980, and 1985. Shifts in gas supplies from the European area to Central Asia and now to West Siberia have necessitated changes in the Soviet natural gas pipeline system. The system is entering a period of long run stability between the geographic distribution of supply and demand in contrast to a continually changing distribution pattern before 1980.  相似文献   

9.
This "article based on data for the last census of the former USSR and population estimates for 1993 for urban places of over 15,000 population in the Russian Federation surveys the regional distribution, economic functions, and size characteristics of urban settlements in Russia with declining population over the period 1989-93. Interesting comparisons are drawn with patterns prevailing during previous periods, revealing recent increases in the number of such towns in major manufacturing regions and the North and an increase in the number of large cities. Towns experiencing the very greatest percentage declines (-10.0 percent or more) also are investigated."  相似文献   

10.
Systems of circular migration existing in the USSR are described. The role that such migration plays in linking settlement systems is noted, and the influence of city size on migration is discussed.  相似文献   

11.
白令海表层沉积物中的放射虫与海洋环境   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文
通过对白令海 1 2个表层沉积物中微体生物化石放射虫的分析 ,共鉴别放射虫 2 4 72枚 ,计36属、45种。表层沉积物中放射虫的分布特点为 :1 .浅水陆架 -陆坡上部区的粉砂、细砂沉积物中放射虫化石数量少且属种单调。2 .陆坡下部区的火山碎屑及浊流沉积物中放射虫化石亦不丰富。3.海盆区粘土沉积物中的放射虫化石丰度高且分异度高。本区陆架放射虫化石的优势种为Spongotrochus glacialis.影响放射虫分布的主要因素为海流、地形、水深、水温等。另外 ,该区沉积物的物源主要为陆源沉积物、生物源沉积物和火山源沉积物 ,它们主要来源于俄罗斯东部的勘察加半岛、美国的阿拉斯加半岛及阿留申群岛  相似文献   

12.
"This report presents the results and assumptions of a set of projections of the population of the USSR, 1979-2025. Trends in population size and age-sex composition as well as fertility, mortality, and emigration are discussed.... The projections show that the population of the USSR will grow throughout the period to 2025. The working age population will grow very slowly for at least the next 10 years, and will not recapture the rapid growth experienced in the 1970s. The pension-age population will double in size between 1980 and 2025."  相似文献   

13.
Wixman R  Caro P 《Soviet geography》1981,22(3):155-161
The authors comment on an article by Bond and Lydolph (see 46: Title 1088) concerning population growth in the USSR during the inter-censal period 1970-1979. In the present article, the authors use a more detailed analysis of the preliminary results of the 1979 census in order to illustrate other major developments  相似文献   

14.
This paper considers some demographic aspects of the world's Moslem population. Main sources of information are evaluated, and a definition is laid down for a Moslem country. Proportions of Moslem population are given for some 20 Asiatic and 30 African countries. Geographical distribution of Moslem countries as well as of the total world population are studied in some detail with due attention being devoted to Moslem minorities in non-Moslem countries such as China and the USSR. Population density, annual growth rate, life expectancy, age and language distributions are among the demographic features discussed comparatively at country and continent levels. Special attention is given to urbanization in the Moslem world. Finally future trends are discussed by using the usual statistical methods. It is thus established that by the year 2000 the proportion of world's Moslem population will rise to 22.4% as compared with 18.3% in 1975 and that the pressure on natural resources of the Moslem countries will be more than twice that in 1975 which is an alarming fact. It is hoped that the study will assist Moslem leaders in adopting sound population policies in their respectivie countries.  相似文献   

15.
"Among certain ethnic groups in the USSR, males and females have different levels of retention of the native language. Male and female levels vary inside and outside the home territory depending on the general strength of the language, ethnic rights in the place of residence, and migrant versus non-migrant status. Additional distinctions correspond to cultural divisions, principally Moslem versus non-Moslem."  相似文献   

16.
Summary. Short period P -wave amplitudes at Soviet seismic stations are analysed to determine an amplitude–distance curve in the range 0°–180° from the USSR. Station amplitude terms, corrected for crustal amplification effects, are determined from seismic sources located between 30° and 90°. A relationship between these station terms and regional Pn wave speed and regional heat flow is determined and is found to be in close agreement with similar observations in North America. Station amplitude terms were found to be reasonably uniform across the continental portion of the USSR but the Baikal Rift valley is characterized by very low P -wave amplitudes and is the most significant feature discemible from the P -wave amplitude terms.  相似文献   

17.
"An approach to the delimitation of demogeographic regions in the USSR is proposed and a network of 27 regions is developed and mapped." Geographical differences in population reproduction, structure, and migration at various territorial levels are examined. Data are provided on changes in urban population between 1959 and 1979; total, urban, and rural population growth during that period; total and rural population density in 1979; and rates of natural increase as of 1960, 1965, 1970, and 1974.  相似文献   

18.
"This article examines union republic migration trends in the USSR between 1979 and 1987 and prospects for indigenous out-migration from rural areas in Central Asia. The study is based on migration data derived by the residual technique and migration data from the 1985 microcensus. Results indicate that a south-to-north and probably Russian-dominated migration trend emerged in the 1980s, one which marks an almost complete reversal from earlier periods, especially 1959-70. Although Central Asia continues to have low levels of indigenous out-migration, labor surpluses and relatively waning capital investment in Central Asia may change this situation."  相似文献   

19.
Presented is mapping material on the glacio-nival formations in the mountains in the south of East Siberia, and information regarding the generation of relevant databases. We examine the status of glaciation of the Kodar Mountains since the mid-20th century till the present as well as assessing it for four periods of time: 1) from the topographic 1:50 000–1:200 000 maps displaying the glaciers as of the early 1960s; 2) from data in the Catalog of Glaciers of the USSR (the early 1970s); 3) from the maps of glaciers of the Kodar Mountains as compiled during 1976–1985 by researchers of the Institute of Geography of Siberia and the Far East of the USSR Academy of Sciences (most of them are unpublished), and 4) the present status from Earth remote sensing data (images taken by EROS, Quick Bird, Aster and Landsat during 2002–2015). Attribute tables are presented in WGI format. Analysis of data on a different temporal status showed the glaciation dynamics of the Kodar Mountains with a general tendency for a reduction in the glacier area. We determined the degree of degradation of nival-glacial formations and updated the coordinates of their centers, area, shape, length, orientation, altitudinal position, and other characteristics. The evidence thus obtained serves to update and complement the international glacier databases.  相似文献   

20.
"Changes in the system of settlement in Staraya Russa Rayon, Novgorod Oblast [USSR], are traced. Migration from peripheral areas of the rayon to the suburban zone of Staraya Russa and to larger inhabited places along highways has transformed the historical pattern of settlement focused on river valleys into a new pattern focused on the central city of Staraya Russa, i.e., from the traditional dendritic configuration into a monocentric pattern. The impact of the migration process on land use is discussed, and it is suggested that abandoned peripheral villages be converted to recreation uses."  相似文献   

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