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1.
土地利用变化及其生态响应综述 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
1 IntroductionLand use change,as one ofthe m ain driving forces ofglobalenvironm entalchange,is centraltothe sustainable developm ent debate (Figure 1).The types of land use are distinguished as landcover conversion,i.e.,the com plete replacem ent of one … 相似文献
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地表过程对全球变化的响应和反馈是地球系统科学研究的核心课题之一,目前的研究多关注全球变化对地表过程的影响,而地表动态过程对地表生物物理过程及气候的反馈研究较少。系统认识地表物候动态对生物物理过程及气候的反馈对深化地球系统科学研究有着重要的意义。本文从农业物候动态的事实、农业物候动态在陆面过程模型中的参数化表达、农业物候动态对地表生物物理过程及气候的反馈等方面进行综述,发现在气候变化和管理措施影响下,以种植期和灌浆期为代表的农业物候期发生了显著的规律性变化;耦合农业物候动态,改善了模型对地表动态过程、生物物理过程和大气过程的数字化表达;农业物候变化对地表净辐射、潜热、感热、反照率和气温、降水、环流等过程产生了影响,并表现出以地表能量分配为主的气候反馈机理。针对农业物候动态对地表生物物理过程及气候效应的时空重要性,需要继续开展以下方面的工作：① 加强全球变化对地表物候动态的影响及其反馈的综合研究;② 不同光谱波段地表反射率与农业物候动态的关系研究;③ 农业物候动态引起的作物生理学特征变化在地表生物物理过程中的贡献;④ 重视不同气候区物候动态对气候反馈效应的差异。 相似文献
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LUCC驱动力模型研究综述 总被引：30，自引：2，他引：30
驱动力研究是土地利用变化研究中的核心问题。土地利用变化驱动力模型是分析土地利用变化原因和结果的有力工具，模型通过情景分析可为土地利用规划与决策提供依据。基于不同理论的驱动力研究方法很多，论文选取了几种国内外应用较多的LUCC驱动力模型进行综述，分析了每个模型的优缺点及适用范围，最后得出结论：1) 基于过程的动态模型更适于研究复杂的土地利用系统。2) 基于经验的统计模型能弥补基于过程的动态模型的不足。3) 基于不同学科背景的模型进一步集成将是LUCC驱动力模型未来的发展趋势。 相似文献
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《地理学报(英文版)》2016,(7)
Land use and land cover change(LULCC) strongly influence regional and global climate by combining both biochemical and biophysical processes. However, the biophysical process was often ignored, which may offset the biogeochemical effects, so measures to address climate change could not reach the target. Thus, the biophysical influence of LULCC is critical for understanding observed climate changes in the past and potential scenarios in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the mechanisms and effects of large-scale LULCC on climate change through changing the underlying surface, and thus the energy balance. The key scientific issues on understanding the impacts of human activities on global climate that must be addressed including:(1) what are the basic scientific facts of spatial and temporal variations of LULCC in China and comparative countries?(2) How to understand the coupling driving mechanisms of human activities and climate change on the LULCC and then to forecasting the future scenarios?(3) What are the scientific mechanisms of LULCC impacts on biophysical processes of land surface, and then the climate?(4) How to estimate the contributions of LULCC to climate change by affecting biophysical processes of land surface? By international comparison, the impacts of LULCC on climate change at the local, regional and global scales were revealed and evaluated. It can provide theoretical basis for the global change, and have great significance to mitigate and adapt to global climate changes. 相似文献
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Jiyuan Liu Quanqin Shao Xiaodong Yan Jiangwen Fan Jinyan Zhan Xiangzheng Deng Wenhui Kuang Lin Huang 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(7):889-903
Land use and land cover change (LULCC) strongly influence regional and global climate by combining both biochemical and biophysical processes. However, the biophysical process was often ignored, which may offset the biogeochemical effects, so measures to address climate change could not reach the target. Thus, the biophysical influence of LULCC is critical for understanding observed climate changes in the past and potential scenarios in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the mechanisms and effects of large-scale LULCC on climate change through changing the underlying surface, and thus the energy balance. The key scientific issues on understanding the impacts of human activities on global climate that must be addressed including: (1) what are the basic scientific facts of spatial and temporal variations of LULCC in China and comparative countries? (2) How to understand the coupling driving mechanisms of human activities and climate change on the LULCC and then to forecasting the future scenarios? (3) What are the scientific mechanisms of LULCC impacts on biophysical processes of land surface, and then the climate? (4) How to estimate the contributions of LULCC to climate change by affecting biophysical processes of land surface? By international comparison, the impacts of LULCC on climate change at the local, regional and global scales were revealed and evaluated. It can provide theoretical basis for the global change, and have great significance to mitigate and adapt to global climate changes. 相似文献
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西藏农牧区农户土地决策与土地覆被变化研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
调查农户土地决策，均质化处理农户决策因子，形成土地决策空间图；制作土地覆被图和农户土地决策空间图，通过图像叠加处理，来分析土地覆被变化与农户土地决策度政策因子间的空间联系。西藏农牧区案例研究结果表明：农户土地决策决定了土地覆被变化方向，政策因子起修正作用；农户土地决策与土地覆被在空间上和属性上能互相体现；农牧区政策的制定应立足于农户土地决策，在满足农户追求最大经济效益的基础上引导农户顾及生态环境建设；农户土地决策、社会经济发展政策与土地覆被在空闻上能互相体现，可通过观察土地覆被变化来监测农户土地决策及政策因子效果。 相似文献
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湿地景观格局变化研究进展 总被引：45，自引：1，他引：44
湿地是自然界最富生物多样性的生态景观,具有重要的生态功能。湿地景观格局是各种生态过程综合作用的结果,具有高度的景观异质性,对景观的功能和过程有着显著的影响。湿地生态系统是世界上受威胁最为严重的生态系统之一,在自然因素和人类活动的影响下发生了大面积的转化或丧失。本文从湿地景观格局研究方法、面积变化、景观类型转化、驱动力以及动态模型、湿地景观格局指数以及湿地景观格局与气候变化之间的关系等方面综述了湿地景观格局变化的研究进展,指出湿地景观格局变化及其生态效应和高原湿地景观格局变化与气候变化之间的关系是未来研究的重点领域。 相似文献
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土地质量的空间变异与尺度效应研究进展 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
土地质量能体现自然因素与人类活动对土地的影响，直接关系着环境改善与土地持续利用。20世纪80年代以来，人口增长与经济发展对土地资源的压力越来越大，并导致了不同程度的土地质量退化，人们越来越关注土地质量的提高及其管理。深入认识不同尺度土地质量空间变化与发展对土地质量的提高与管理具有重要意义。本文首先介绍了土地质量和尺度的概念及其特征，阐述了空间变异的研究方法，重点综述了土地质量的空间变异与尺度效应研究进展，并提出了土地质量空间变异及其相关研究的发展趋势，以期对我国土地质量的研究和实现土地资源可持续利用有所启迪。 相似文献
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Influences of agricultural phenology dynamic on land surface biophysical process and climate feedback 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Fengshan Liu Ying Chen Wenjiao Shi Shuai Zhang Fulu Tao Quansheng Ge 《地理学报(英文版)》2017,27(9):1085-1099
Response and feedback of land surface process to climate change is one of the research priorities in the field of geoscience. The current study paid more attention to the impacts of global change on land surface process, but the feedback of land surface process to climate change has been poorly understood. It is becoming more and more meaningful under the framework of Earth system science to understand systematically the relationships between agricultural phenology dynamic and biophysical process, as well as the feedback on climate. In this paper, we summarized the research progress in this field, including the fact of agricultural phenology change, parameterization of phenology dynamic in land surface progress model, the influence of agricultural phenology dynamic on biophysical process, as well as its feedback on climate. The results showed that the agriculture phenophase, represented by the key phenological phases such as sowing, flowering and maturity, had shifted significantly due to the impacts of climate change and agronomic management. The digital expressions of land surface dynamic process, as well as the biophysical process and atmospheric process, were improved by coupling phenology dynamic in land surface model. The agricultural phenology dynamic had influenced net radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, albedo, temperature, precipitation, circulation, playing an important role in the surface energy partitioning and climate feedback. Considering the importance of agricultural phenology dynamic in land surface biophysical process and climate feedback, the following research priorities should be stressed: (1) the interactions between climate change and land surface phenology dynamic; (2) the relations between agricultural phenology dynamic and land surface reflectivity at different spectrums; (3) the contributions of crop physiology characteristic changes to land surface biophysical process; (4) the regional differences of climate feedbacks from phenology dynamic in different climate zones. This review is helpful to accelerate understanding of the role of agricultural phenology dynamic in land surface process and climate feedback. 相似文献
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中国土地利用变化及其影响的空间建模分析 总被引：53，自引：10，他引：53
通过 GIS建模 ,本文分析了我国土地利用的变化与其影响因子之间的相互作用关系 ,并着重对耕地的变化及其空间分布进行了模拟。研究发现 ,土地利用的变化主要是自然与经济因素综合作用的结果 ,并且区分不同的规模尺度与不同的区域类型 ,将对提高土地利用空间变化模型的精度有着重要的影响。 相似文献
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分析和评述了国内耕地利用与保护的研究动态,对今后的研究方向进行了展望。国内有关耕地利用与保护的研究经历了研究背景由耕地无保护向耕地严格保护过渡,研究方法由定性为主向定量和计量为主转变,空间落点由东部经济发达地区向城镇化速度快、耕地资源禀赋条件好的中部地区转移。在某一研究论题断面上,东、中部地区始终先于西部地区。得出以下结论:经济、社会因子与耕地数量保护之间的作用机制研究已近饱和;耕地质量变动对耕地利用与地区生态环境演变的响应机制探讨亟待深入;我国应开展广义的耕地保护,走"目标多样化、政策多样化、途径多样化"的可持续耕地保护之路。 相似文献
14.
基于Multi-Agent System的多尺度土地利用变化模型的构建与模拟 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过土地利用情景变化模型反映多尺度的土地利用现象,是学者们研究的焦点问题。本文基于MAS理论,构建从地块到村庄的多尺度土地利用变化模型,揭示微观层面不同尺度上土地利用变化的机制。应用该模型,以陕西省米脂县孟岔村为例进行研究,定量分析该村农户个体、农户群体和农户整体等不同尺度上的土地利用决策,并通过与2008年实际土地利用变化数据对比和分析,对构建的多尺度土地利用变化模型进行检验。通过分析,认为:(1)基于MAS的多尺度农户土地利用变化模型可较好地反映微观土地利用决策和空间的多尺度变化;(2)构建用 连续数值表示的农户土地利用决策与实际状况比较符合;(3) 本文为不同农户群体间的转化方法、农户间相互作用,以及市场与政策因素的作用等方面的研究打下坚实的基础。 相似文献
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城市土地利用/覆盖变化与热环境生态调控研究进展与展望 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
城市土地利用/覆盖变化(LUCC)与热环境生态调控是城市生态学和城市气候适应性关注的热点问题。在提出城市LUCC/空间结构与生态服务热调节功能连接的重要性的基础上,综述了城市土地利用变化、城市绿色基础设施在热岛减缓和气候适应性发挥的作用,评述了观测实验、定量遥感和过程模型方面以及热调控的进展情况。基于此认为,局地或区域尺度城市高精度结构组分高精度遥感探测方法、城市高精度下垫面多尺度(功能区/覆盖组分/构造或材质等)对局地气温和辐射能量平衡影响机理和定量贡献识别、城市生态系统热调节功能的城市地表结构组分调控阈值确定、以及区域或全球尺度城市土地利用/覆盖变化影响的生物地球物理机制定量化认知等,是未来重要的发展方向。 相似文献
16.
《地理学报(英文版)》2017,(9)
Response and feedback of land surface process to climate change is one of the research priorities in the field of geoscience. The current study paid more attention to the impacts of global change on land surface process, but the feedback of land surface process to climate change has been poorly understood. It is becoming more and more meaningful under the framework of Earth system science to understand systematically the relationships between agricultural phenology dynamic and biophysical process, as well as the feedback on climate. In this paper, we summarized the research progress in this field, including the fact of agricultural phenology change, parameterization of phenology dynamic in land surface progress model, the influence of agricultural phenology dynamic on biophysical process, as well as its feedback on climate. The results showed that the agriculture phenophase, represented by the key phenological phases such as sowing, flowering and maturity, had shifted significantly due to the impacts of climate change and agronomic management. The digital expressions of land surface dynamic process, as well as the biophysical process and atmospheric process, were improved by coupling phenology dynamic in land surface model. The agricultural phenology dynamic had influenced net radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, albedo, temperature, precipitation, circulation, playing an important role in the surface energy partitioning and climate feedback. Considering the importance of agricultural phenology dynamic in land surface biophysical process and climate feedback, the following research priorities should be stressed:(1) the interactions between climate change and land surface phenology dynamic;(2) the relations between agricultural phenology dynamic and land surface reflectivity at different spectrums;(3) the contributions of crop physiology characteristic changes to land surface biophysical process;(4) the regional differences of climate feedbacks from phenology dynamic in different climate zones. This review is helpful to accelerate understanding of the role of agricultural phenology dynamic in land surface process and climate feedback. 相似文献
17.
Modelling scenarios of land use change and their impacts in typical regions are helpful to investigate the mechanism between land use and ecological systems and process the land use allocation under the ecological security. A system dynamics (SD) model with the aim to modelling scenarios of land use change and assessing ecological impact in northern China in the next 50 years is developed here. The accuracy assessment with the historic data from 1990 to 2001 indicated the SD model is robust. After the different "what-if" scenarios controlled by GDP, population, market, and technology advancement were built, the different scenarios of land use change in northern China from 2000 to 2050 were simulated with their ecological impact assessed. The result suggested that such factors as GDP, population, market and technology have a strong relationship with land use structural change in northern China. It also indicated that such measures as strict controlling of population increase, importing some food to keep the supply-demand balance in the region, and improving agricultural technology will be the guarantee of regional sustainable development with fast economic growth and the obvious land use structural improvement at the same time. 相似文献
18.
基于成都崇州市耕地实地采样数据和修正的IBIS模型测算数据,对耕地生产有机质、调节大气、涵养水源、土壤保持和净化环境等五种自然生态服务价值进行测算,并与已有相关研究成果进行对比分析。结果表明：① 研究区耕地不同类型的生态服务价值量存在较大差异,由高到低依次为：土壤保持、调节大气、涵养水源、生产有机质、净化环境;② 研究区单位面积耕地生态价值量为29959.5元/hm2,其中土壤保持价值的贡献率最大,占36.35%;③ 与已有研究结果对比分析,由于耕地生态价值内涵界定和测算方法的差异,单位面积耕地生态价值测算结果存在一定差异。研究结果对于科学合理地确定耕地保护的补偿标准和补偿机制构建具有一定的参考指导作用。 相似文献
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耕地利用系统对全球变化和人类福祉具有巨大影响。论文运用系统科学的理论与方法,探究耕地利用系统的概念、构成、运行、功能和特点,并构建耕地利用系统研究框架,对于深化土地系统科学、解决耕地利用中存在的各种问题具有重要的理论和现实意义。主要结论有：① 耕地利用系统是农业生产经营者在一定数量和质量的耕地上投入适量生产要素种植农作物,进而获得农产品及相应效益的自然—人工复合系统,由耕地子系统、经济子系统及社会子系统构成,具有显性和隐性双重结构。② 耕地利用系统运行及演化是自然生态过程、经济发展过程、社会演化过程耦合行进的结果,并涌现出经济、社会、生态功能,具有复合性、开放性、韧性和多等级性等特征。 ③ 耕地利用系统研究应遵循要素—结构—功能—机制—调控的理论框架,从各要素组成、作用关系及变化特征揭示不同要素的演化特征;从显性与隐性结构2个方面探索耕地利用系统结构及其转型规律;从经济、社会和生态功能3个方面探索功能演化及其对于结构转型的响应特征;从系统对外界环境变化的适应与调整机制、系统要素的相互影响与竞争替代机制、系统运行的信息传导机制、不同等级耕地利用主体协同与组织运行机制、耕地利用功能的涌现机制剖析耕地利用系统运行机制;针对不同情景、不同目标、不同主体,运用情景模拟法、多目标优化法、综合调控平衡法探究耕地利用调控策略。 相似文献
20.
土地质量发展趋势对我国土地整理研究的启示 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
人口增长与经济发展对土地资源的压力越来越大,并导致了不同程度的土地退化和耕地的持续减少,人们越来越关注土地资源质量的状况与耕地的保护及管理。土地整理在增加耕地面积、提高土地收益和改善生态环境方面发挥了重要作用。随着土地整理的全面推进,与之密切相关的土地质量问题日益受到人们的重视。借鉴吸收土地质量研究的热点和发展趋势,探索土地整理的土地质量研究体系,以从其根源入手寻求提高土地质量的对策,对促进土地资源管理由数量管护转变到质量和生态管护具有重要的理论与现实意义。文章分析了土地质量的概念与研究现状,提出土地质量的发展趋势主要有：①土地质量指标的综合反映与实际应用日趋紧密;②土地质量变化的过程机理与尺度效应研究不断加强;③土地质量评价中的土地利用格局与生态过程受到重视。根据国际上土地质量的研究及其发展趋势,结合土地整理的内在要求和科学内涵,从土地整理中土地质量指标体系的构建、土地质量评价与调查的技术方法和土地质量变化的过程与机理研究等3个方面探讨了土地整理中土地质量的研究框架。以期对我国土地整理的发展与深化研究有所裨益,促进土地整理事业的良性发展。 相似文献