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1.
三门峡水库影响渭河下游河道横向演变的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
多沙河流修建水库影响库区河道演变,建库前后河道遵循不同的演变规律,兴建三门峡水库后的15年间赤水河河口至陈村河段发生了7次自然裁弯,三门峡水库改建后20年间却没有发生一次自然裁弯,这是一个非常有趣的现象。文中利用渭河下游河道的实测资料,对比兴建三门峡水库前后以及三门峡改建前后渭河下游河道的横向演变,得到如下几点认识:(1)侵蚀基准面的变化是引起渭河下游河道横向摆动的主要因素;(2)洪水比降变平,相应河道弯曲系数变大,河道由稳定型向摆动型发展;洪水比降变陡,相应河道弯曲系数变小,河道由摆动型向稳定型发展;(3)滩地的泥沙组成代表河岸的可动性。河岸可动性增大,河道由稳定型向摆动型发展,河岸可动性变小,河道由摆动型向稳定型发展;(4)河道断面形态的调整是对基准面变化和来水来沙变化的复杂响应过程;(5)来水来沙影响渭河下游河道横向演变。 相似文献
2.
引滦工程对滦河下游河道的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
钱春林 《云南地理环境研究》1995,(2)
引滦工程后滦河下游的水文过程发生变化。下游河道产生纵向冲刷，冲刷距离为库下９９－１００ｋｍ。第一个１０年的平均冲刷深度为１．９７ｍ。河床不断粗化，冲刷逐渐向下游延伸。河床横向变化较大，河道拓宽，平均每年增加５６ｍ。河口淤积严重，河床向弯曲型发展。 相似文献
3.
钱春林 《云南地理环境研究》1995,7(2):80-84
引滦工程后滦河下游的水文过程发生变化。下游河道产生纵向冲刷，冲刷距离为库下９９－１００ｋｍ。第一个１０年的平均冲刷深度为１．９７ｍ。河床不断粗化，冲刷逐渐向下游延伸。河床横向变化较大，河道拓宽，平均每年增加５６ｍ。河口淤积严重，河床向弯曲型发展。 相似文献
4.
水库下游再造床过程的若干问题 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
取河流动力学与地貌学的分析相结合,并辅之以模型试验作验证的途径,对水库下游河床演变中的纵向冲刷、横向变形和河型变化等问题进行了讨论,获得了苦干形式简单,但有一定实用价值的定量关系和评估方法。 相似文献
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珠江三角洲表土的粒度组成以粉砂为主,床沙则以混合砂为主,北江的床沙比西江的粗.20世纪90年代与70年代对比,床沙的粒度组成变细;中值粒径ψ值变大;运动方式的推移组分增大.床沙的细化率西江(21.9%)比北江(15.8%)大.按河流段、近口段、河口段的划分,细化率的沿程变化,西江为从上游向下游增大,北江则相反.床沙细化的主要原因是河道纵比降变小,纵比降变小是河道采沙及分流比变化所造成的. 相似文献
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黄河下游游荡段河道平面形态与河势变化趋势预测 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
黄河下游河道平面形态与河势演变,从20世纪60年代起,地貌界就用地图法和航片资料作过不同程度的研究.随着资料的不断积累,该项研究得到逐步的深化."八五"期间,水利界又对主流线作了深入分析,结果表明:各家所得结论不同,需要作进一步的分析讨论.我们认为:从长远的角度来看,小浪底水库清水下泄期间,黄河下游游荡性河段不对称的河谷形态不会改变;在继承性新构造运动造成的地壳向南掀沉、科氏力和人类活动的综合影响下,主流线总体上仍呈南摆趋势;清水冲刷不会导致河型彻底转化;河道整治工程虽然能够限制主流的摆动幅度和弱化河道的游荡强度,对河势的影响较大,但是根本不可能改变上述河道平面形态的长期演变趋势. 相似文献
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叶汇 《地理学报(英文版)》1957,(2)
北江自飞来峡以下,地势平衍,河床宽阔,但河道系统紊乱,丘陵与洼地交错,在地形的发展上必有一段复杂的过程。本区河道变迁的研究,对于北江下游治河、防水、排水、灌溉和区域规划,都可能有一些帮助。 相似文献
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塔里木河下游断流河道应急输水与地表植被响应 总被引：32，自引：18，他引：32
通过对塔里木河下游5个断面、30个植物样地的调查和对天然植物当年生小枝的长度、当年生小枝上胡杨的叶数、50片以上叶长、宽及叶重、芦苇的高度和叶长、宽、重量等的测试分析，揭示了塔里木河下游断流河道输水后地表植被的响应范围。研究表明，随着输水后地下水位的抬升，地表植被产生了明显变化。在横向上，芦苇的反应敏感区范围在100～150m区间；对胡杨的横向影响范围在200～250m之间；在纵向上，平均叶数从下游上段至下游下段，分别较末端断面增加57％、22．2％、9．2％；河道两岸地下水位较下游下段抬升幅度大，横向上对植被的影响范围也较下游下段宽。输水历时的长短和输水量对塔里木河下游植被恢复密切相关。 相似文献
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塔里木河下游生态输水对沙漠化逆转的影响 总被引：23，自引：14，他引：9
塔里木河下游是我国沙漠化最严重的地区之一。由于人类不合理的资源开发, 导致320km河道断流、大面积湿地消失、地下水位大幅度下降、天然植被全面衰败, 沙漠化程度加重。作者结合塔里木河下游生态输水和近3a的实地监测资料, 分析输水前后塔里木河下游典型地区沙漠化程度的变化, 并就生态输水对塔里木河下游沙漠化逆转的影响进行了讨论。结果表明, 生态输水后, 河道附近地下水位大幅度抬升, 植被种类和盖度明显增加, 部分地区沙漠化得到逆转。从实现逆转的沙漠化土地的空间分布看, 在纵横两个方向上表现出明显的变化规律, 在纵向上表现为上游土地沙漠化逆转的强度和范围较下游大; 在横向上, 表现为距输水河道越近变化越明显的特点。考虑到输水影响范围较小, 建议对现行的输水方式和输水规模进行适当调整。 相似文献
11.
Xingying You Jinwu Tang Xiaofeng Zhang Weiguo Hou Yunping Yang Zhaohua Sun Zhaohui Weng 《地理学报(英文版)》2017,27(10):1249-1267
Alluvial channel has always adjusted itself to the equilibrium state of sediment transport after it was artificially or naturally disturbed. How to maintain the equilibrium state of sediment transport and keep the river regime stable has always been the concerns of fluvial geomorphologists. The channel in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is characterized by the staggered distribution of the bifurcated river and the single-thread river. The change of river regime is more violently in the bifurcated river than in the single-thread river. Whether the adjustment of the river regime in the bifurcated river can pass through the single-thread river and propagate to the downstream reaches affects the stabilities of the overall river regime. Studies show that the barrier river reach can block the upstream channel adjustment from propagating to the downstream reaches; therefore, it plays a key role in stabilizing the river regime. This study investigates 34 single-thread river reaches in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. On the basis of the systematic summarization of the fluvial process of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the control factors of barrier river reach are summarized and extracted: the planar morphology of single-thread and meandering; with no flow deflecting node distributed in the upper or middle part of the river reach; the hydraulic geometric coefficient is less than 4; the longitudinal gradient is greater than 12‰, the clay content of the concave bank is greater than 9.5%, and the median diameter of the bed sediment is greater than 0.158 mm. From the Navier-Stokes equation, the calculation formula of the bending radius of flow dynamic axis is deduced, and then the roles of these control factors on restricting the migration of the flow dynamic axis and the formation of the barrier river reach are analyzed. The barrier river reach is considered as such when the ratio of the migration force of the flow dynamic axis to the constraint force of the channel boundary is less than 1 under different flow levels. The mechanism of the barrier river reach is such that even when the upstream river regime adjusts, the channel boundary of this reach can always constrain the migration amplitude of the flow dynamic axis and centralize the planar position of the main stream line under different upstream river regime conditions, providing a relatively stable incoming flow conditions for the downstream reaches, thereby blocking the upstream river regime adjustment from propagating to the downstream reaches. 相似文献
12.
长江中下游阻隔性河段作用机理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
阻隔性河段能够阻隔上游河势调整向下游的传递,对稳定河势起到关键性作用。本文以长江中下游34个单一河段为研究对象,在系统总结长江中下游河道演变规律的基础上,归纳出阻隔性河段控制要素包括：单一微弯的河道平面形态、河段中上部无挑流节点;河相系数小于4;河道纵比降大于1.2?;凹岸黏粒含量高于9.5%;床沙中值粒径大于0.158 mm等。从Navier-Stokes方程出发,推导出河湾水流动力轴线弯曲半径的表达式,进而分析了各控制要素对水流动力轴线摆动及阻隔性河段形成的作用。阻隔性河段的判别条件为：不同流量级下水流动力轴线摆动力与河道边界条件约束力的比值始终小于1;阻隔性河段作用机理在于：即便上游河势发生调整,本河段的河道边界始终能约束主流摆动幅度,归顺上游不同河势条件下的主流平面位置,为下游河道提供了相对稳定的入流条件,从而阻隔上游河势调整向下游传递。 相似文献
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Railroads, roads and lateral disconnection in the river landscapes of the continental United States 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Railroads and roads are ubiquitous features in the river corridors of the United States. However, their impact on hydrologic, geomorphic, and ecological processes in fluvial and riparian landscapes has not been systematically explored at regional or continental extents. This study documents the geographic distribution of roads and railroads in the alluvial floodplains of the continental United States and the regional variability of their potential impacts on lateral connectivity and resultant channel and floodplain structure and function. We use national scale data sets and GIS analysis to derive data on stream–transportation network interactions in two broad categories: (1) crossing impacts, such as bridges and culverts, and (2) impacts where transportation infrastructure acts as a longitudinal dam along the stream channel, causing lateral floodplain disconnection. Potential stream crossing impacts are greatest in regions with long histories of road and railroad development and relatively low relief, such as the Mid-Atlantic, New England, and the Lower Mississippi and Ohio Valleys. Potential lateral disconnections are more prevalent in rugged regions such as the Western U.S. and Appalachians where transportation routes follow river corridors along valley bottoms. Based on these results, we develop a conceptual model that suggests that the area of lateral disconnection due to transportation infrastructure should be most extensive in mid-sized alluvial valleys in relatively rugged settings. The result of this disconnection is the disruption of the long-term, cut-and-fill alluviation and of the shorter-term flood and flow pulse processes that create and maintain ecosystem function in river landscapes. The tremendous extent of transportation infrastructure in alluvial valleys documented in this study suggests a revision to H.B.N. Hynes' statement that the valley rules the stream. Instead, it appears that in modern landscapes of the U.S. the valley rules the transportation network — and the transportation network rules the stream. 相似文献
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The Heilaigou basin, located in the Inner Mongolia of China, is predominantly influenced by the aeolian-fluvial actions, with complicated sediment transport conditions on the mainstream riverbed. In order to identify the relationship between sedimentary particles and geomorphic processes, mechanisms for the formation of characteristics of grain size composition were investigated by analyzing grain size parameters and external dynamic geomorphologic features. Firstly, the grain size parameters of the riverbed, stream power, maximum grain size of the wind-blown particles and HI values of the mainstream channel were calculated and analyzed, and they were used to establish multiple regression functions of grain size parameters in order to determine the effects of wind and river actions on particles. The results show that sediments in different reaches are formed in different environments: the upper stream is controlled by fluvial and aeolian processes; the sorting properties of riverbed sediments in the middle stream are worse than those in the upper stream since they are affected mainly by fluvial processes as indicated by the larger stream power there; and the particles on the downstream riverbed are likely contributed by the Kubuqi Desert. The size of particles on the riverbed depends on the hydrodynamic conditions, but is not significantly associated with the evolution of landform. Sorting is significantly related to both the hydrodynamic conditions and wind actions. Riverbed deposits brought in by winds likely become finer from the lower to the upper reaches, which are not coarser than 0.88f. Generally speaking, the stream power has a major effect on sedimentation characteristics of the riverbed, followed by wind power. 相似文献
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Response of active tectonics on the alluvial Baghmati River, Himalayan foreland basin, eastern India 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
Active tectonics in a basin plays an important role in controlling a fluvial system through the change in channel slope. The Baghmati, an anabranching, foothills-fed river system, draining the plains of north Bihar in eastern India has responded to ongoing tectonic deformation in the basin. The relatively flat alluvial plains are traversed by several active subsurface faults, which divide the area in four tectonic blocks. Each tectonic block is characterized by association of fluvial anomalies viz. compressed meanders, knick point in longitudinal profiles, channel incision, anomalous sinuosity variations, sudden change in river flow direction, river flow against the local gradient and distribution of overbank flooding, lakes, and waterlogged area. Such fluvial anomalies have been identified on the repetitive satellite images and maps and interpreted through DEM and field observations to understand the nature of vertical movements in the area. The sub-surface faults in the Baghmati plains cut across the river channel and also run parallel which have allowed us to observe the effects of longitudinal and lateral tilting manifested in avulsions and morphological changes. 相似文献
17.
河流阶地形成过程及其驱动机制再研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
河流阶地的形成是在内因(河流内部动力变化)和外因(低频和高频气候变化、构造运动、基准面变化)共同作用下的结果。受单一气候变化制约的河流阶地发育模式可以解释由于沉积物通量和径流量变化引起的河流堆积-侵蚀过程,但它难以解释形成多级阶地的逐步(或间歇性)下切过程。多级阶地的形成可能同时受到构造抬升和周期性气候变化的制约。由于下切过程的滞后效应,侵蚀和冰川均衡抬升、河谷的侧向侵蚀过程等影响,山地的构造抬升与河谷的下切之间并非一种简单的线性关系,应当慎用河谷的下切速率来代表山地的抬升速率。 相似文献
18.
黄河小北干流汛期和非汛期冲淤过程模拟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
滞后性是河流系统自动调整的重要特征之一。根据河道演变的滞后响应机制,在考虑上游来水来沙和下游侵蚀基准面（潼关高程）共同影响的基础上,建立了能够模拟河道汛期和非汛期冲淤过程的滞后响应模型,并采用黄河小北干流1960-2015年的冲淤资料进行参数率定（1960-2001年）和模型验证（2002-2015年）。结果表明该模型能较好地模拟小北干流汛期和非汛期的冲淤过程。汛期和非汛期累计冲淤量的模拟效果优于单个冲淤量;累计冲淤量和单个冲淤量的模拟效果汛期要优于非汛期。三门峡水库修建后,1960-2015年间小北干流汛期和非汛期的冲淤过程表现出时段差异。根据建立的滞后响应模型,本文分析了来水来沙和潼关高程对小北干流汛期和非汛期各个特征时段冲淤的贡献率,汛期和非汛期的第一时段（1960-1970年,1960-1968年）主要受到潼关高程的影响,但是后续时段主要受到来水来沙的影响。 相似文献
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《Geography and Natural Resources》2008,29(1):28-35
The mechanisms and the specific character of flow-channel interaction and sediment transport that constitute the essence of river channel processes, vary over a wide range according to the flow rate of the rivers, their water regime, flow kinematics, the value of longitudinal gradient, and to the grain size and runoff of riverbed-forming sediments. Furthermore, the longitudinal gradient of a river is as important an energy characteristic as is the water flow rate, coupled with it, determines the capacity and character of a stream. Therefore the hydrological regime, varying over a wide range according to the longitudinal gradient, produces a variety of transport conditions for riverbed-forming sediments and – through them – the form of manifestation of channel processes. 相似文献